scholarly journals Hormonal and Hydroxycinnamic Acids Profiles in Banana Leaves in Response to Various Periods of Water Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalel Mahouachi ◽  
María F. López-Climent ◽  
Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Cinnamic Acids ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The pattern of change in the endogenous levels of several plant hormones and hydroxycinnamic acids in addition to growth and photosynthetic performance was investigated in banana plants (Musa acuminatacv. “Grand Nain”) subjected to various cycles of drought. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for six periods with subsequent rehydration. Data showed an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, a transient increase in salicylic acid (SA) concentration, and no changes in jasmonic acid (JA) after each period of drought. Moreover, the levels of ferulic (FA) and cinnamic acids (CA) were increased, and plant growth and leaf gas exchange parameters were decreased by drought conditions. Overall, data suggest an involvement of hormones and hydroxycinnamic acids in plant avoidance of tissue dehydration. The increase in IAA concentration might alleviate the senescence of survival leaves and maintained cell elongation, and the accumulation of FA and CA could play a key role as a mechanism of photoprotection through leaf folding, contributing to the effect of ABA on inducing stomatal closure. Data also suggest that the role of SA similarly to JA might be limited to a transient and rapid increase at the onset of the first period of stress.

Inhibition of cambial activity in Abies balsamea by internal water stress: role of abscisic acid

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (24) ◽  
pp. 3041-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Little
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Endogenous Aba

In experiments with attached and detached shoots of balsam fir, Abies balsamea L., synthetic (±)abscisic acid (ABA) (1) reduced photosynthesis and transpiration by inducing stomatal closure, (2) inhibited indoleacetic acid (IAA) - induced cambial activity in photosynthesizing and non-photosynthesizing shoots, and (3) inhibited the basipetal movement of [14C]IAA. Neither gibberellic acid nor kinetin counteracted the inhibitory effect of (±)ABA on IAA-induced cambial activity. In addition it was demonstrated that increasing the internal water stress increased the level of endogenous ABA in the phloem–cambial region of bark peelings and decreased the basipetal movement of [14C]IAA through branch sections. On the basis of these findings it is proposed that internal water stress inhibits cambial activity, partly through increasing the level of ABA; the ABA acts to decrease the provision of carbohydrates and auxin that are required for cambial growth.

scholarly journals Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 Salinization on Morpho-Anatomical and Physiological Traits of Potted Callistemon citrinus Plants

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Veronica De Micco ◽  
Carmen Arena ◽  
Chiara Amitrano ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Stefania De Pascale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Osmotic Solution ◽  
Physiological Acclimation ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The aim of this work was to assess the possible coordination mechanisms between leaf functional anatomical traits and physiological acclimation of potted Callistemon citrinus plants when subjected to two saline iso-osmotic solutions using NaCl or CaCl2. Digital image analysis was applied to quantify anatomical parameters with a specific focus on the occurrence of signs of structural damage as well as on alterations, such as the occurrence of shrunk tissues and accumulation of phenolic compounds. Morpho-anatomical analyses were accompanied by measurements of leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence emission. Results showed that C. citrinus plants, when irrigated with the CaCl2 solution, induced a leaf morpho-anatomical structure which did not allow the maintenance of high photosynthetic performance under such conditions, compared to both controls and plants treated with the iso-osmotic solution of NaCl. Data collected seem to suggest a close relationship between anatomical traits and eco-physiological strategies in maintaining the photosynthetic efficiency under saline stress conditions and highlight the fundamental role of leaf anatomy in imposing the limits of plant physiology.

scholarly journals Optimization of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Concentration in a Nutrient Solution for Increasing Bioactive Compound Accumulation and Production of Agastache rugosa in a Plant Factory

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Vu Phong Lam ◽  
Mun Haeng Lee ◽  
Jong Seok Park
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Plant Factory ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

This study aimed to determine the optimal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentration in a nutrient solution to increase the bioactive compounds while enhancing the plant growth of A. rugosa grown hydroponically. Twenty-eight-day-old plants were transplanted in a plant factory for 32 days. The plants were subjected to various IAA concentrations (10−11, 10−9, 10−7, and 10−5 M) from 8 days after transplanting, and the control treatment (without IAA). Shoot and root fresh weights were effectively improved under 10−7 and 10−9 IAA treatments. Leaf gas exchange parameters were increased under 10−7 and 10−9 IAA treatments. Four of the IAA treatments, except 10−11 IAA treatment, significantly increased the rosmarinic acid (RA) concentration, as well as the tilianin concentration was significantly increased at all IAA treatments, compared with that of the control. Especially, the tilianin concentration of the 10−11 IAA treatment was significantly (1.8 times) higher than that of the control. The IAA treatments at 10−5 and 10−7 significantly raised the acacetin concentrations (1.6- and 1.7-times, respectively) compared to those of the control. These results suggested that 10−7 concentration of IAA in a nutrient solution was effective for enhancing plant growth and increasing bioactive compounds in A. rugosa, which offers an effective strategy for increasing phytochemical production in a plant factory.

scholarly journals Grafting cv. Grechetto Gentile Vines to New M4 Rootstock Improves Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Status as Compared to Commercial 1103P Rootstock

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Frioni ◽  
Arianna Biagioni ◽  
Cecilia Squeri ◽  
Sergio Tombesi ◽  
Matteo Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Drought Tolerant

M4 is a relatively new rootstock that was selected for increased resilience of vineyards across hot regions where meteorological drought is often coupled to water scarcity. However, M4 has thus far been tested only against water-stress sensitive rootstocks. Against this backdrop, the aim of the present work is to examine the water status and gas exchange performances of vines grafted to M4 in comparison to those of vines grafted to a commercial stock that is drought-tolerant, 1103 Paulsen (1103P), under a progressive water deficit followed by re-watering. This study was undertaken on Grechetto Gentile, a cultivar that is renowned for its rather conservative water use (near-isohydric behavior). While fifty percent of both grafts were fully irrigated (WW), the remaining underwent progressive water stress by means of suspending irrigation (WS). Soil and leaf water status, as well as leaf gas exchanges, along with chlorophyll fluorescence, were followed daily from 1 day pre-stress (DOY 176) until re-watering (DOY 184). Final leaf area per vine, divided in main and lateral contribution, was also assessed. While 1103P grafted vines manifested higher water use under WW conditions, progressive stress evidenced a faster water depletion by 1103P, which also maintained slightly more negative midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) as compared to M4 grafted plants. Daily gas exchange readings, as well as diurnal assessment performed at the peak of stress (DOY 183), also showed increased leaf assimilation rates (A) and water use efficiency (WUE) in vines grafted on M4, which were also less susceptible to photosynthetic downregulation. Dynamic of stomatal closure targeted at 90% reduction of leaf stomatal conductance showed a similar behavior among rootstocks since the above threshold was reached by both at Ψleaf of about −1.11 MPa. The same fractional reduction in leaf A was reached by vines grafted on M4 at a Ψleaf of −1.28 MPa vs. −1.10 MPa measured in 1103P, meaning that using M4 as a rootstock will postpone full stomatal closure. While mechanisms involved in improved CO2 uptake in M4-grafted vines under moderate-to-severe stress are still unclear, our data support the hypothesis that M4 might outscore the performance of a commercial drought-tolerant genotype (1103P) and can be profitably used as a tool to improve the resilience of vines to summer drought.

Water Relations of the Banana. III. Effects of Controlled Water Stress on Water Potential, Transpiration, Photosynthesis and Leaf Growth.

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kallarackal ◽  
JA Milburn ◽  
DA Baker
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Potential Transpiration ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Banana suckers were grown in the glasshouse under controlled environmental conditions. Water potentials were measured on plants 6-12 months old using the solute potential of the latex as a guide. The diurnal fluctuations in water potential were monitored along with measurements of transpiration rate, leaf conductance, leaf temperature, assimilation rate and leaf growth rate. Concurrent measurements were made of water potential, transpiration and other gas exchange parameters under rapidly and slowly applied water stress. Stomatal closure was almost complete after 10 days of rapid stress whereas, under slow stress, closure was delayed for a total of 30 days. Stomatal closure was accompanied by a reduction in transpiration and photosynthesis. However, the water potential of the plant was never more negative than -0.35 MPa even when the water stress was severe. The growth of the plant, as evaluated from the emergence of new leaves, was stopped at the same time as photosynthesis. The implications of these observations on the ability of banana to utilise dwindling supplies of water are discussed. The use of latex solute potential as a tool to understand the water status of the plant is further explained.

scholarly journals Salt stress induced damages on the photosynthesis of physic nut young plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evandro Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Ferreira-Silva ◽  
Ricardo Almeida Viégas ◽  
Joaquim Albenisio Gomes Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design

Salinity is a major limiting factor to crop productivity in the world especially in semiarid regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photosynthetic resistance of Jatropha curcas (L.) young plants subjected to salt stress. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial: two NaCl levels (0 and 100 mmol L-1) and three harvest times: 7 and 14 days of salt exposure and three days of recovery. Leaf Na+ and Cl-concentrations and the K+/Na+ ratios, after seven days of salt exposure, did not reach ionic toxic levels, suggesting that the NaCl-induced osmotic effects prevailed over the ionic ones. Under this condition, the salt stress caused reduction in leaf gas exchange parameters, such as CO2 fixation, stomatal conductance and transpiration. In contrast, salt stress did not change the photochemical efficiency of photossystem II. Conversely, after 14 days of treatment, Na+ and Clions reached very high concentrations, up to toxic levels in leaves. Under such conditions, both leaf gas exchange and photochemistry suffered strong impairment probably caused by ionic toxicity. The recovery treatment for 3d did not significantly decrease the leaf salt concentrations and no improvement was observed in the photosynthetic performance. Physic nut young plants are sensitive to high NaCl-salinity conditions, with high leaf Na+ and Cl- concentrations, low K+/Na+ ratio and great photosynthetic damages due to stomatal and biochemical limitations.

Plant hormones and water stress

1976 ◽  
Vol 273 (927) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stomatal Opening ◽  
Plant Water Relations ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Endogenous Cytokinins ◽  
The Subject

In recent years, the involvement of plant hormones has become a subject of interest in plant water relations. The interest was initially stimulated by research into leaf ageing and plant senescence and the role of cytokinins in these processes. Plant water stress and some other stresses enhance senescence. They also bring about reduction in the levels of endogenous cytokinins. Exogenous cytokinins retard leaf senescence and may stimulate stomatal opening. Later, interest in the subject gained momentum from the various observations of the role of abscisic acid in stomatal opening. Abscisic acid brings about rapid stomatal closure, and its endogenous levels in leaves increase rapidly when plants are subjected to water stress or several other stresses. Hypotheses and data relevant to the possible role of hormones in plants subjected to environmental stresses are presented and discussed.

Role of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in NAFLD Amelioration After Sleeve Gastrectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Geng Wang ◽  
Jie Bai ◽  
Ning Zhao ◽  
Qingbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Measurement of Gas Exchange on Excised Grapevine Leaves Does Not Differ from In Situ Leaves, and Potentially Shortens Sampling Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3644
Author(s):  
Suraj Kar ◽  
Thayne Montague ◽  
Antonio Villanueva-Morales ◽  
Edward Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Minute Post ◽  
Exchange Measurement ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Use of leaf gas exchange measurement enhances the characterization of growth, yield, physiology, and abiotic stress response in grapevines. Accuracy of a crop response model depends upon sample size, which is often limited due to the prolonged time needed to complete gas exchange measurement using currently available infra-red gas analyzer systems. In this experiment, we measured mid-day gas exchange of excised and in situ leaves from field grown wine grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars. Depending upon cultivar, we found measuring gas exchange on excised leaves under a limited time window post excision gives similar accuracy in measurement of gas exchange parameters as in situ leaves. A measurement within a minute post leaf excision can give between 96.4 and 99.5% accuracy compared to pre-excision values. When compared to previous field data, we found the leaf excision technique reduced time between consecutive gas exchange measurements by about a third compared to in situ leaves (57.52 ± 0.39 s and 86.96 ± 0.41 s, for excised and in situ, respectively). Therefore, leaf excision may allow a 50% increase in experimental sampling size. This technique could solve the challenge of insufficient sample numbers, often reported by researchers worldwide while studying grapevine leaf gas exchange using portable gas exchange systems under field conditions.

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