scholarly journals Effect of CPP/ACP on Initial Bioadhesion to Enamel and DentinIn Situ

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Grychtol ◽  
Sabine Basche ◽  
Matthias Hannig ◽  
Christian Hannig
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Tooth Mousse ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Bovine Enamel

The presentin situstudy investigated the influence of a preparation containing CPP/ACP (caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate) (GC Tooth mousse) on initial bacterial colonization of enamel and dentin. Therefore, pellicle formation was performedin situon bovine enamel and dentin specimens fixed to individual upper jaw splints worn by 8 subjects. After 1 min of pellicle formation GC Tooth mousse was used according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Rinses with chlorhexidine served as positive controls. Specimens carried without any rinse served as negative controls. After 8 h overnight exposure of the splints, bacterial colonization was quantified by fluorescence microscopy (DAPI and BacLight live/dead staining). Additionally, the colony forming units (CFU) were determined after desorption. Furthermore, the effects onStreptococcus mutansbacteria were testedin vitro(BacLight). There was no significant impact of CPP/ACP on initial bacterial colonization proved with DAPI and BacLight. Determination of CFU showed statistical significance for CPP/ACP to reduce bacterial adherence on enamel. Thein vitroinvestigation indicated no antimicrobial effects for CPP/ACP onStreptococcus mutanssuspension. Under the chosen conditions, CPP/ACP (GC Tooth mousse) had no significant impact on initial biofilm formation on dental hard tissues. The tested preparation cannot be recommended for biofilm management.

scholarly journals Influence of Calcium Phosphate and Apatite Containing Products on Enamel Erosion

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kensche ◽  
S. Pötschke ◽  
C. Hannig ◽  
G. Richter ◽  
W. Hoth-Hannig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Tooth Mousse ◽  
Bovine Enamel

For the purpose of erosion prevention the present study aimed to compare the efficacy of two biomimetic products and a fluoride solution to optimize the protective properties of the pellicle. After 1 min ofin situpellicle formation on bovine enamel slabs, 8 subjects adopted CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse), a mouthwash with hydroxyapatite microclusters (Biorepair), or a fluoride based mouthwash (elmex Kariesschutz) for 1 min each. Afterwards, samples were exposed in the oral cavity for 28 min. Native enamel slabs and slabs exposed to the oral cavity for 30 min without any rinse served as controls. After oral exposure, slabs were incubated in HCl (pH values 2, 2.3, and 3) for 120 s and kinetics of calcium and phosphate release were measured photometrically; representative samples were evaluated by SEM and TEM. The physiological pellicle reduced demineralization at all pH values; the protective effect was enhanced by fluoride. The biomimetic materials also reduced ion release but their effect was less pronounced. SEM indicated no layer formation after use of the different products. However, TEM confirmed the potential accumulation of mineral components at the pellicle surface. The tested products improve the protective properties of thein situpellicle but not as effectively as fluorides.

scholarly journals Impact of the springtail's cuticle nanotopography on bioadhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in the oral cavity

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 171742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hannig ◽  
Ralf Helbig ◽  
Julia Hilsenbeck ◽  
Carsten Werner ◽  
Matthias Hannig
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Adsorbed Proteins ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cuticular Structures

Springtails (Collembola) have a nanostructured cuticle. To evaluate and to understand anti-biofouling properties of springtail cuticles’ morphology under different conditions, springtails, shed cuticles and cuticle replicates were studied after incubation with protein solutions and bacterial cultures using common in vitro models. In a second step, they were exposed to human oral environment in situ in order to explore potential application in dentistry. In vitro , the cuticular structures were found to resist wetting by albumin solutions for up to 3 h and colonization by Staphylococcus epidermidis was inhibited. When exposed in the oral cavity, initial pellicle formation was of high heterogeneity: parts of the surface were coated by adsorbed proteins, others remained uncoated but exhibited locally attached, ‘bridging’, proteinaceous membranes spanning across cavities of the cuticle surface; this unique phenomenon was observed for the first time. Also the degree of bacterial colonization varied considerably. In conclusion, the springtail cuticle partially modulates bioadhesion in the oral cavity in a unique and specific manner, but it has no universal effect. Especially after longer exposure, the nanotextured surface of springtails is masked by the pellicle, resulting in subsequent bacterial colonization, and, thus, cannot effectively avoid bioadhesion in the oral cavity comprehensively. Nevertheless, the observed phenomena offer valuable information and new perspectives for the development of antifouling surfaces applicable in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Influence of pure fluorides and stannous ions on the initial bacterial colonization in situ

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Kirsch ◽  
Matthias Hannig ◽  
Pia Winkel ◽  
Sabine Basche ◽  
Birgit Leis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Enamel

AbstractThe present clinical-experimental study aims to examine the effect of pure experimental fluoride solutions and stannous chloride on the initial oral bioadhesion under in situ conditions. After 1 min of pellicle formation on bovine enamel slabs, 12 subjects rinsed with 8 ml of the fluoride test solutions (NaF, Na2PO3F, AmF, SnF2,) with 500 ppm fluoride concentration each for 1 min. Additionally, rinsing without a solution (control) and rinsing with 1563 ppm SnCl2 solution took place for 1 min. Afterwards, fluorescence microscopy took place to visualize bacterial adhesion and glucan formation (8 h oral exposition) with DAPI and ConA and the BacLight method. TEM was performed to visualize the pellicle ultrastructure together with EDX to detect stannous ions. The rinsing solutions with pure SnF2 and SnCl2 reduced significantly the initial bacterial colonization (DAPI). While, NaF and Na2PO3F showed no significant effect compared to the control. There was no significant difference between AmF, SnF2 and SnCl2. All tested experimental solutions showed no reducing effect on the glucan formation. Considerable alterations of the pellicle ultrastructure resulted from rinsing with the Sn-containing solutions. SnF2 appears to be the most effective type of fluoride to reduce initial bacterial colonization in situ. The observed effects primarily have to be attributed to the stannous ions’ content.

scholarly journals Effect of Probiotic Enterococcus durans on the Adhesion of Clinically Isolated Streptococcus mutans

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayedeh Fatemeh Mousavi ◽  
Amjad Ahmadi ◽  
Rashid Ramazanzadeh ◽  
Bijan Nuori ◽  
Faranak Shafiee
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Enterococcus Durans

Background: Streptococcus mutans is the most cariogenic microorganism with high adherence ability to the tooth surfaces. The probiotics have attracted attention as a new and bioecological technique to inhibit oral bacterial colonization. Enterococcal strains, such as Enterococcus durans, are abundant in nature and can be identified as a probiotic. Objectives: Since the reduction of adhesion can be an effective way to decrease the cariogenic potential of S. mutans, the present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of E. durans on the adhesion of S. mutans. Methods: In this in vitro study, the standard strain bacteria of probiotic E. durans and Streptococcus mutans and 12 clinical samples of S. mutans were used. The ability of S. mutans biofilm formation was assessed. Then, the effect of E. durans on S. mutans adhesion was determined via microtiter plate technique by two methods: (1) Adding a mixed suspension of E. durans and S. mutans simultaneously; (2) adding E. durans 30 minutes before the inoculation of S. mutans to the system. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20 by using paired t-test, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The results showed a decrease in adhesion in the presence of E. durans, with the use of both methods (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results of this in vitro study, the use of probiotic E. durans decreased the adhesion of S. mutans.

Effect of 10% and 15% Carbamide Peroxide on Fracture Toughness of Human Dentin In Situ

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Tam ◽  
P Bahrami ◽  
O Oguienko ◽  
H Limeback
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY Purpose Although damage to the structural integrity of the tooth is not usually considered a significant problem associated with tooth bleaching, there have been some reported negative effects of bleaching on dental hard tissues in vitro. More studies are needed to determine whether the observed in vitro effects have practical clinical implications regarding tooth structural durability. Objectives This in situ study evaluated the effect of 10% and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) dental bleach, applied using conventional whitening trays by participants at home, on the fracture toughness of dentin. Methods Ninety-one adult volunteers were recruited (n ≈ 30/group). Compact fracture toughness specimens (approximately 4.5 × 4.6 × 1.7 mm) were prepared from the coronal dentin of recently extracted human molars and gamma-radiated. One specimen was fitted into a prepared slot, adjacent to a maxillary premolar, within a custom-made bleaching tray that was made for each adult participant. The participants were instructed to wear the tray containing the dentin specimen with placebo, 10% CP, or 15% CP treatment gel overnight for 14 nights and to store it in artificial saliva when not in use. Pre-bleach and post-bleach tooth color and tooth sensitivity were also evaluated using ranked shade tab values and visual analogue scales (VASs), respectively. Within 24–48 hours after the last bleach session, the dentin specimens were tested for fracture toughness using tensile loading at 10 mm/min. Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, χ2, Tukey's, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was set at p&lt;0.05 for all tests, except for the Mann-Whitney U tests, which used a Bonferroni correction for post hoc analyses of the nonparametric data (p&lt;0.017). Results The placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups contained 30, 31, and 30 participants, respectively. Mean fracture toughness (+ standard deviation) for the placebo, 10% CP, and 15% CP groups were 2.3 ± 0.9, 2.2 ± 0.7, and 2.0 ± 0.5 MPa*m1/2 respectively. There were no significant differences in mean fracture toughness results among the groups (p=0.241). The tooth sensitivity VAS scores indicated a significantly greater incidence (p=0.000) and degree of tooth sensitivity (p=0.049 for VAS change and p=0.003 for max VAS) in the bleach groups than in the placebo group. The color change results showed generally greater color change in the bleach groups than in the placebo group (p=0.008 for shade guide determination and p=0.000 for colorimeter determination). Conclusions There were no significant differences in in situ dentin fracture toughness results among the groups. The results of this study provide some reassurance that dentin is not overtly weakened by the bleaching protocol used in this study. However, the lack of a statistically significant difference cannot be used to state that there is no effect of bleach on dentin fracture toughness.

scholarly journals Adhesion of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles to Dental Materials under Oral Conditions

Scanning ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Mirela Guimarães Nobre ◽  
Norbert Pütz ◽  
Matthias Hannig
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Pellicle Formation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Oral Conditions ◽  
Dental Applications

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HAP) are receiving considerable attention for dental applications, and their adhesion to enamel is well established. However, there are no reports concerning the effects of HAP on other dental materials, and most of the studies in this field are based on in vitro designs, neglecting the salivary pellicle-apatite interactions. Thus, this in situ pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of three hydroxyapatite-based solutions and their interactions with different dental material surfaces under oral conditions. Hence, two volunteers carried intraoral splints with mounted samples from enamel and from three dental materials: titanium, ceramics, and polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA). Three HAP watery solutions (5%) were prepared with different shapes and sizes of nano-HAP (HAP I, HAP II, HAP III). After 3 min of pellicle formation, 10 ml rinse was performed during 30 sec. Rinsing with water served as control. Samples were accessed immediately after rinsing, 30 min and 2 h after rinsing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the particles, and SEM evaluated the pellicle-HAP interactions. SEM and TEM results showed a high variation in the size range of the particles applied. A heterogeneous HAP layer was present after 2 h on enamel, titanium, ceramics, and PMMA surfaces under oral conditions. Bridge-like structures were visible between the nano-HAP and the pellicle formed on enamel, titanium, and PMMA surfaces. In conclusion, nano-HAP can adhere not only to enamel but also to artificial dental surfaces under oral conditions. The experiment showed that the acquired pellicle act as a bridge between the nano-HAP and the materials’ surface.

scholarly journals gC1qR/p33 Blockade Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Colonization of Target Tissues in an Animal Model of Infective Endocarditis

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 4418-4423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellinor I. B. Peerschke ◽  
Arnold S. Bayer ◽  
Berhane Ghebrehiwet ◽  
Yan Q. Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Prophylaxis Therapy

ABSTRACT gC1qR/p33 (gC1qR) is a ubiquitously expressed cellular protein that is also found in plasma and the extracellular matrix. In addition to its role in modulating the activation of complement and kinin cascades, gC1qR has been identified as a putative host ligand for endovascular pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus. The present study provides evidence of the ability of soluble gC1qR to enhance S. aureus-fibrinogen interactions via simultaneously binding fibrinogen and S. aureus. This interaction was inhibited in vitro by two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs 74.5.2 and 60.11) recognizing distinct structural and functional domains of gC1qR. To evaluate the in vivo role of gC1qR, MAbs 74.5.2 and 60.11 were used in an experimental rat model of S. aureus endocarditis. Each MAb (100 mg/kg of body weight, given intraperitoneally) reached sustained (>60 h) and high (100 to 200 μg/ml) serum levels. Prophylaxis with MAb 60.11 or 74.5.2 caused substantial reductions in S. aureus colonization of aortic valves, kidneys, and the spleen compared to untreated controls. However, only MAb 74.5.2 prophylaxis therapy reached statistical significance, and only sera from animals protected with MAb 74.5.2 inhibited gC1qR-mediated S. aureus interactions with fibrinogen. Although not statistically significant, the reductions in bacterial colonization achieved with MAb 60.11 alone and in combination with MAb 74.5.2 (versus MAb 74.5.2 alone) suggest that there are effects of gC1qR blockade on S. aureus infective endocarditis in addition to blocking gC1qR-mediated S. aureus binding to fibrinogen. Such impacts may include direct modulation of complement (MAb 60.11) and kinin cascades (MAb 74.5.2) and/or activation of immune and inflammatory responses via localized immune complex formation.

Hard-tissue Substrates for Evaluation of Cariogenic and Anti-cariogenic Activity in situ

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Mellberg
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Root Surface Caries

Hard-tissue substrates include primarily human and bovine enamel and human dentin. They have been used for in situ studies in a natural or sound condition, as well as flattened or containing an in vitro-formed caries-like lesion. Human enamel and dentin are generally the substrates of choice for studies of coronal and root-surface caries, respectively, but bovine enamel appears to offer a suitable alternative for many studies of enamel caries. Substrates with caries-like lesions will respond more rapidly to changes in the intra-oral mineral equilibrium and will allow both demineralization and remineralization to be determined. Findings from some studies suggest that caries-like lesions may respond somewhat differently, depending upon the degree of mineralization of the surface layer. Because in vitro findings with dentin show it to be significantly more soluble in acid than enamel, results from a study that used dentin may not be directly applicable to enamel. Both enamel and dentin substrates can be used in thin-section models. Hard-tissue substrates can also differ, depending upon their intra-oral location. Locations that result in the accumulation of plaque will behave differently from those that are plaque-free. So that plaque would accumulate, substrates have been placed approximally, beneath a fabric or steel mesh, in a protected trough, beneath a metal band or within a depression on the buccal surface. For studies requiring a determination of both demineralization and remineralization, human enamel or dentin containing a surface-softened caries-like lesion and covered with a uniform natural plaque are the substrates of choice.

scholarly journals Indonesian Strain of Lactobacillus reuteri Probiotic Reduces the Initial Biofilm Colonization

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 544-553
Author(s):  
Armelia Sari Widyarman ◽  
Triska Ramajayanti ◽  
Citra Fragrantia Theodorea
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Initial Biofilm

Background: The benefits of probiotics for human health have long been proven. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri, can produce a beneficial broad-spectrum antibacterial compound called reuterin by metabolizing glycerol. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the Indonesian strain of L. reuteri LC382415 on mono- and dual-species Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis biofilms in vitro. Methods: Streptococcus mutans and S. sanguinis were cultured in BHI broth. Lactobacillus reuteri LC382415 was inoculated on MRS agar. The different concentrations effect of L. reuteri (1×104, 1×106, and 1×108 CFU/mL) with and without glycerol supplementation on microbial biofilms were examined using a biofilm assay after incubation for 1,3,6, and 24-h. The biofilm mass optical density was measured with a microplate spectrophotometer at 490 nm. Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%) was used as a positive control, and wells without treatment were used as negative controls. Results: A significant reduction in mono- and dual-species S. mutans and S. sanguinis biofilm formation was observed after treatment with all concentrations of L.reuteri and after all incubation periods (p<0.05) with or without glycerol supplementation. The concentration of 1×104 CFU/mL after 3-h incubation was the most effective in inhibiting biofilm formation, with 87.8% S. mutans, 95.9% S. sanguinis, and 80.4% dual-species biofilm reduction compared to the negative control (p<0.05). Conclusion: The Indonesian strain of L. reuteri effectively reduces mono- and dual-species S.mutans and S. sanguinis biofilms. This suggests that it may be useful in preventing biofilm formation in oral cavities. Future studies on the mechanism of action of this active component are warranted.

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