scholarly journals Low-Vacuum Deposition of Glutamic Acid and Pyroglutamic Acid: A Facile Methodology for Depositing Organic Materials beyond Amino Acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwao Sugimoto ◽  
Shunsaku Maeda ◽  
Yoriko Suda ◽  
Kenji Makihara ◽  
Kazuhiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Pyroglutamic Acid ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Periodic Pattern ◽  
Wide Range

Thin layers of pyroglutamic acid (Pygl) have been deposited by thermal evaporation of the molten L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) through intramolecular lactamization. This deposition was carried out with the versatile handmade low-vacuum coater, which was simply composed of a soldering iron placed in a vacuum degassing resin chamber evacuated by an oil-free diaphragm pump. Molecular structural analyses have revealed that thin solid film evaporated from the molten L-Glu is mainly composed of L-Pygl due to intramolecular lactamization. The major component of the L-Pygl was in β-phase and the minor component was in γ-phase, which would have been generated from partial racemization to DL-Pygl. Electron microscopy revealed that the L-Glu-evaporated film generally consisted of the 20 nm particulates of Pygl, which contained a periodic pattern spacing of 0.2 nm intervals indicating the formation of the single-molecular interval of the crystallized molecular networks. The DL-Pygl-evaporated film was composed of the original DL-Pygl preserving its crystal structures. This methodology is promising for depositing a wide range of the evaporable organic materials beyond amino acids. The quartz crystal resonator coated with the L-Glu-evaporated film exhibited the pressure-sensing capability based on the adsorption-desorption of the surrounding gas at the film surface.

The metabolism of acetate by rumen microorganisms

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Emmanuel ◽  
L. P. Milligan ◽  
B. V. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Wide Range

Rumen contents were incubated in vitro with acetate-1-14C. Significant amounts of 14C were incorporated into rumen microbial proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Serine, glutamic acid, methionine, and cystine were highly labeled, whereas less, or insignificant radioactivity was found in other amino acids. Acetate was incorporated into a wide range of microbial fatty acids. The quantitative significance of acetate metabolism is discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids in garlic bulbs and leaves

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fedosov ◽  
V. S. Kyslychenko ◽  
O. M. Novosel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Amino Acids

Introduction. Plant amino acids have an important impact on functioning of various systems and organs of human body. In addition, they possess a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic properties, improve the digestion and potentiate the activity of biologically active compounds present in plants. Thus, the search of plant species that contain a large complex of plant amino acids and are used as food is of current interest. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) from Alliaceae family is one of such plants, and has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various disorders.The aim of the study – to determine the composition and quantitative content of free and bound amino acids of garlic bulbs and leaves.Research methods. The amino acid composition was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.Results and Discussion. 16 amino acids were detected in garlic bulbs as a result of the experiment. Arginine (3.04 %) and proline (1.56 %) were found to be accumulated infree state, while glutamic acid (10.59 %), aspartic acid (6.06 %) and arginine (5.94 %) prevailed in bound state. 15 free and 16 bound amino acids were identified and quantified in garlic leaves. Glutamic acid (2.11 %), leucine (1.79 %), valine (1.77 %), isoleucine (1.52 %), treonine and phenylalanine (1.44 %) dominated infree state, and glutamic acid (28.49 %), aspartic acid (12.90 %) and leucine (7.61 %) prevailed in bound state. Methionine was found only in bound state in garlic leaves.Conclusions. The amino acid composition of garlic bulbs and leaves was studied using the HPLC method. 16 amino acids in both free and bound state were detected and their content was determined in garlic bulbs, while in garlic leaves – 15 free and 16 bound amino acids. The results of the experiment showed that methionine is present only in bound state in garlic leaves.

Paleoecology of an Upper Ordovician submarine cave-dwelling bryozoan fauna and its exposed equivalents in northern Kentucky, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline J. Buttler ◽  
Mark A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Cave Fauna ◽  
Submarine Cave ◽  
Mason County ◽  
A Minor

AbstractA bryozoan-dominated fauna that inhabited small caves underneath a carbonate hardground is here described from the Corryville Formation (Upper Ordovician, Katian) exposed near Washington, Mason County, Kentucky, USA. The dominant bryozoan,Stigmatella personata(a trepostome), is found both growing downwards from the cave ceilings and upwards on the exposed hardground surface above. Another trepostome,Monticulipora, is a minor component of the cave fauna. There are few discernible anatomical differences between the bryozoan colonies that grew upwards in presumably well-lit waters and those that grew downwards in the gloomy caves. The pendant, cave-dwellingS.personatain some cases appears to have longer zooecial tubes than its exposed equivalent. The colonies ofS.personataare rounded mounds with multiple layers formed by self-overgrowth. The overgrowths in both downward and upward growing forms are marked by thin layers of sediment infilling the upper zooecial chambers in the older portion of the colony. We suggest that biofilms developed on patches of the colony where the zooids had died. Sediment adhered to these surfaces and the colony then overgrew the patches, trapping sediment within the skeleton. The bryozoan zoaria and the carbonate hardground are extensively bored by the cylindrical ichnogenusTrypanitesthat occasionally contain cylindrical calcite-filled tubes similar to “ghosts” of organic materials. Bioclaustrations are present in some of the bryozoan skeletons. This cave fauna is one of few submarine examples known from the Paleozoic. It supports the hypothesis that early cave-dwelling organisms were little differentiated from their exposed counterparts.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS GOVERNING IN VITRO ACCUMULATION OF ZOOSPORES OF PYTHIUM APHANIDERMATUM ON ROOTS: II. SUBSTANCES CAUSING RESPONSE

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Royle ◽  
C. J. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Root Exudate ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Weak Base ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Compounds

Pythium aphanidermatum zoospores in distilled water suspension showed differential responses towards a range of single compounds, and mixtures, diffusing from the ends of capillary tubes containing these materials in agar. All substances caused an initial disorientation of zoospore movement followed, according to the substance under test, by indifference, repulsion, attraction, trapping, and encystment, or, at extreme pH, by loss of motility and death. Of a wide range of substances and mixtures tested, including sugars, amino acids, inorganic salts, organic acids, auxins, and vitamins, only glutamic acid, after weak base adjustment, and mixtures of sugars combined with mixtures of amino acids, induced the pattern of response observed with roots and root materials. Comparison of the activity of glutamate and structurally related compounds indicated that the effectiveness of glutamate was dependent on the presence of several moieties of the glutamate ion.Short photographic exposures allowed counts to be made of zoospores and cysts around the capillary mouth and provided a method for comparing, quantitatively, the accumulation of zoospores in response to different substances over a period of time.The substances inducing activity were readily detected in pea root exudate and extract and are, in fact, of general occurrence in roots. The effectiveness of the active principle(s) in root exudate and extract was roughly proportional to the concentration of these root materials in terms of their content of carbon and nitrogen but no such relation could be established for glutamic acid and a joint mixture of amino acids and sugars, suggesting the existence in root materials of additional factor(s).

AMINO ACID ANALYSIS OF FRESH LEAF LITTER AND THE NITROGEN NUTRITION OF SOME AQUATIC HYPHOMYCETES

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Aquatic Hyphomycetes ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Wide Range

An alcohol extract of amino acids was made from fresh leaf litter of five common trees. The amino acids isoleucine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and serine were detected chromatographically. Several aquatic Hyphomycetes were then grown in the presence of aspartic acid, lysine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, arginine, and casein. Apart from Volucrispora aurantiaca, the carbon of all amino acids except lysine was found to be available for metabolism. The nitrogen of all amino acids was also available, except that V. aurantiaca could utilize only arginine, asparagine, and to a lesser degree, lysine. It is concluded that a wide range of amino acids and probably of plant proteins in general can supply available nitrogen to many aquatic Hyphomycetes.

Rapid determination of underivatized pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and other relevant amino acids in fermentation media by LC-MS-MS

The Analyst ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Guoan Luo ◽  
Yiming Wang ◽  
Shengyuan Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Pyroglutamic Acid ◽  
Fermentation Media

scholarly journals Autophagy Deficiency by Atg4B Loss Leads to Metabolomic Alterations in Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Gemma G. Martínez-García ◽  
Raúl F. Pérez ◽  
Álvaro F. Fernández ◽  
Sylvere Durand ◽  
Guido Kroemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Autophagy is an essential protective mechanism that allows mammalian cells to cope with a variety of stressors and contributes to maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis. Due to these crucial roles and also to the fact that autophagy malfunction has been described in a wide range of pathologies, an increasing number of in vivo studies involving animal models targeting autophagy genes have been developed. In mammals, total autophagy inactivation is lethal, and constitutive knockout models lacking effectors of this route are not viable, which has hindered so far the analysis of the consequences of a systemic autophagy decline. Here, we take advantage of atg4b−/− mice, an autophagy-deficient model with only partial disruption of the process, to assess the effects of systemic reduction of autophagy on the metabolome. We describe for the first time the metabolic footprint of systemic autophagy decline, showing that impaired autophagy results in highly tissue-dependent alterations that are more accentuated in the skeletal muscle and plasma. These changes, which include changes in the levels of amino-acids, lipids, or nucleosides, sometimes resemble those that are frequently described in conditions like aging, obesity, or cardiac damage. We also discuss different hypotheses on how impaired autophagy may affect the metabolism of several tissues in mammals.

scholarly journals Destruxin A Interacts with Aminoacyl tRNA Synthases in Bombyx mori

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Alexander Berestetskiy ◽  
Qiongbo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Trna Synthetases ◽  
Interaction Mode ◽  
Aminoacyl Trna Synthetases ◽  
Wide Range

Destruxin A (DA), a hexa-cyclodepsipeptidic mycotoxin produced by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, exhibits insecticidal activities in a wide range of pests and is known as an innate immunity inhibitor. However, its mechanism of action requires further investigation. In this research, the interactions of DA with the six aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARSs) of Bombyx mori, BmAlaRS, BmCysRS, BmMetRS, BmValRS, BmIleRS, and BmGluProRS, were analyzed. The six ARSs were expressed and purified. The BLI (biolayer interferometry) results indicated that DA binds these ARSs with the affinity indices (KD) of 10−4 to 10−5 M. The molecular docking suggested a similar interaction mode of DA with ARSs, whereby DA settled into a pocket through hydrogen bonds with Asn, Arg, His, Lys, and Tyr of ARSs. Furthermore, DA treatments decreased the contents of soluble protein and free amino acids in Bm12 cells, which suggested that DA impedes protein synthesis. Lastly, the ARSs in Bm12 cells were all downregulated by DA stress. This study sheds light on exploring and answering the molecular target of DA against target insects.

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