scholarly journals Suaveolic Acid: A Potent Phytotoxic Substance ofHyptis suaveolens

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Osamu Ohno ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Phytotoxic Substance

Hyptis suaveolens(Lamiaceae) is an exotic invasive plant in many countries. Earlier studies reported that the aqueous, methanol, and aqueous methanol extract ofH. suaveolensand its residues have phytotoxic properties. However, to date, the phytotoxic substances of this plant have not been reported. Therefore, the objectives of this study were isolation and identification of phytotoxic substances ofH. suaveolens. Aqueous methanol extract of this plant was purified by several chromatographic runs through bioassay guided fractionation using garden cress (Lepidium sativum) as a test plant. Final purification of a phytotoxic substance was achieved by reverse phase HPLC and characterized as 14α-hydroxy-13β-abiet-8-en-18-oic acid (suaveolic acid) by high-resolution ESI-MS,1H-,13C-NMR, CD, and specific rotation. Suaveolic acid inhibited the shoot growth of garden cress, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) at concentrations greater than 30 µM. Root growth of all but lettuce was also inhibited at concentrations greater than 30 µM. The inhibitory activities were concentration dependent. Concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of suaveolic acid for those test plant species were ranged from 76 to 1155 µM. Therefore, suaveolic acid is phytotoxic and may be responsible for the phytotoxicity ofH. suaveolensplant extracts.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic effects of Cerbera manghas L. leaf extracts on seedling elongation of four monocot and four dicot test species

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichsan Nurul Bari ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

Exploration of allelochemicals with phytotoxic effects is intended to minimize a current dependency on synthetic herbicides in weed management. Several allelochemicals from the tropical tree <em>Cerbera manghas</em> (sea mango) have been reported as termiticides and bactericides. The present study investigated possible phytotoxic effects of <em>C. manghas</em> leaf extracts under laboratory conditions. Four monocots: barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>), foxtail fescue (<em>Vulpia myuros</em>), Italian ryegrass (<em>Lolium multiflorum</em>), and timothy (<em>Phleum pratense</em>) and four dicots: alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em>), garden cress (<em>Lepidium sativum</em>), lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>), and rapeseed (<em>Brassica napus</em>) were used as test species. Elongation of both shoots and roots of seedlings was measured to assess any phytotoxic effects. The results showed that the sensitivities of shoots and roots were different between the test species, and the inhibition of seedling elongation significantly increased with increasing concentration of leaf extracts of <em>C. manghas</em> for all the test species. The IC<sub>50</sub> (50% inhibitory concentration) values showed that 8.50–32.30 and 4.26–34.67 mg dry weight equivalent extract mL<sup>−1</sup> of <em>C. manghas</em> inhibited seedling elongation by 50%, for shoots and roots respectively. Isolation and identification of the phytotoxic substances from <em>C. manghas</em> are suggested for future investigation.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of an Allelopathic Substance from Hibiscus sabdariffa

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prapaipit Suwitchayanon ◽  
Piyatida Pukclai ◽  
Osamu Ohno ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Allelopathic Substance

In this study, an allelopathic substance was isolated from an aqueous methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. by column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. The chemical structure of the substance was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as trimethyl allo-hydroxycitrate. Trimethyl allo-hydroxycitrate inhibited the growth of cress hypocotyls and roots at concentrations greater than 10 mM. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of the hypocotyls and roots of cress were 20.3 and 14.4 mM, respectively. The inhibitory activity of trimethyl allo-hydroxycitrate suggests that the substance may act as an allelopathic substance of H. sabdariffa.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential of Acacia pennata (L.) Willd. leaf extracts against the seedling growth of six test plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1534-1542
Author(s):  
Ei H. KYAW ◽  
Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

Acacia pennata (L.) Willd (Mimosaceae), a woody climbing plant, is used as a traditional medicinal plant in the South and Southeast Asia regions and has been documented to have various pharmacological effects. However, the allelopathy of this plant still remains unclear. Thus, the allelopathic potential of A. pennata leaf extracts was examined against the seedling growth of dicot plants [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)] and monocot plants [barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.)] at six different concentrations. The results showed that the A. pennata leaf extracts inhibited the seedling growth of all the test plant species at concentrations ≥3 mg dry weight (D.W.) equivalent extract mL-1. The inhibitory activity of the extracts against both shoot and root growth varied with concentration and tested plants. The concentrations required for 50% inhibition of the test plant shoots and roots were 1.5-16.1 and 1.4-8.6 mg D.W. equivalent extract mL-1, respectively. The root growth of all the test plant species was more sensitive to the extracts than their shoot growth, except alfalfa. The results of the present study indicate that the A. pennata leaf extracts may have allelopathic potential and may contain allelopathic substances. Therefore, further studies are required for isolation and identification of the growth inhibitory substances which are responsible for the allelopathic effect of A. pennata.

scholarly journals Garcienone, a Novel Compound Involved in Allelopathic Activity of Garcinia Xanthochymus Hook

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mahfuzur Rob ◽  
Arihiro Iwasaki ◽  
Ryota Suzuki ◽  
Kiyotake Suenaga ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Garcinia Xanthochymus ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Plants are sources of diversified allelopathic substances that can be investigated for use in eco-friendly and efficient herbicides. An aqueous methanol extract from the leaves of Garcinia xanthochymus exhibited strong inhibitory activity against barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), foxtail fescue (Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and cress (Lepidium sativum L.), and appears to be a promising source of allelopathic substances. Hence, bio-activity guided purification of the extract through a series of column chromatography steps yielded a novel compound assigned as garcienone ((R, E)-5-hydroxy-5-((6S, 9S)-6-methyl-9-(prop-13-en-10-yl) tetrahydrofuran-6-yl) pent-3-en-2-one). Garcienone significantly inhibited the growth of cress at a concentration of 10 μM. The concentrations resulting in 50% growth inhibition (I50) of cress roots and shoots were 120.5 and 156.3 μM, respectively. This report is the first to isolate and identify garcienone and to determine its allelopathic potential.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Substance with Allelopathic Activity in Brachiaria decumbens

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Kobayashi ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Substance

The grass Brachiaria decumbens becomes naturalized and quickly dominant in non-native areas. It was hypothesized that phytotoxic substances of plants may contribute to the domination and invasion of the plants. However, no potent phytotoxic substance has been reported in B decumbens. Therefore, we searched for phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity in this species. An acpeous methanol extract of B. decumbens inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of cress (Lepidium sativum), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), timothy (Phleum pratense) and ryegrass ilolium multiflorum) seedlings. The extract was then purified using chromatographic methods and a phytotoxic substance with allelopathic activity was isolated and identified by spectral analysis as ( 6R,9S)-3-oxo-α-ionol. These results suggest that this compound may contribute to the allelopathic effect caused by the B. decumbens extract and may be in part responsible for the invasion and domination of B. decumbens. Two other Brachiaria species, B. brizantha and a Bractearia hybrid were also confirmed to contain ( 6R,9S)-3-oxo-α-ionol. Therefore, this compound may play an important role in the phytotoxicity of the Brachiaria species.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3542
Author(s):  
Ramida Krumsri ◽  
Kaori Ozaki ◽  
Toshiaki Teruya ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Seedling Length

Phytotoxic substances released from plants are considered eco-friendly alternatives for controlling weeds in agricultural production. In this study, the leaves of Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib. were investigated for biological activity, and their active substances were determined. Extracts of A. xylocarpa leaf exhibited concentration-dependent phytotoxic activity against the seedling length of Lepidium sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. xylocarpa leaf extracts led to isolating and identifying two compounds: vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid. Both compounds were applied to four model plants using different concentrations. The results showed both compounds significantly inhibited the model plants’ seedling length in a species-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The phytotoxic effects of trans-ferulic acid (IC50 = 0.42 to 2.43 mM) on the model plants were much greater than that of vanillic acid (IC50 = 0.73 to 3.17 mM) and P. pratense was the most sensitive to both compounds. In addition, the application of an equimolar (0.3 mM) mixture of vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid showed the synergistic effects of the phytotoxic activity against the root length of P. pratense and L. sativum. These results suggest that the leaves of A. xylocarpa and its phytotoxic compounds could be used as a natural source of herbicides.

Evaluation of Solvent Extraction Process for Asparagus racemosus Root Extract through the Determination of its Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity Assay

2021 ◽  
pp. 5108-5114
Author(s):  
Monika D. Bhalodiya ◽  
Jayant R. Chavda ◽  
Nilesh K Patel ◽  
Ajay I. Patel ◽  
Ravi A. Manek
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Antioxidant Assay ◽  
Saponin Content

This study is aimed to evaluate extraction capacity of different solvents through determining total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total saponin content, and an antioxidant assay of different solvent extracts (toluene, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, water, 60% aqueous methanol, 60% aqueous ethanol and 60% aqueous acetone) of Asparagus racemosus (A. racemosus) root. The 60% aqueous methanol shows the highest extracting yield, in contrast, toluene shows the lowest yield. Highest total phenolic content (220.8±0.74mg GAE/g), total flavonoid content (219.3±0.64mg QCE/g), total tannin content (108.4±0.88mg GAE/g) were found from acetone extract. The methanol extract showed the highest saponin content (579.4±2.85mg ESE/g). Antioxidant potential determines by using various in vitro methodologies such as DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assay. The lowest IC50 value was found in acetone extract and thus it exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The highest correlation was found between phenolic content and the antioxidant assay. It seems that phenolic contents are responsible for free radicle scavenging activity. From the observation, it concluded that acetone extract rich with polyphenolic content and methanol extract shows the highest amount of saponin content.

Anti-osteoporotic activity of aqueous-methanol extract of Berberis aristata in ovariectomized rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Yogesh ◽  
V.M. Chandrashekhar ◽  
H.R. Katti ◽  
S. Ganapaty ◽  
H.L. Raghavendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Aqueous Methanol

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in the Ethiopian garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) using microsatellite markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Legesse Tadesse ◽  
Firew Mekbib ◽  
Adugna Wakjira ◽  
Zerihun Tadele
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L
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