scholarly journals Detection ofLegionellaspp. from Domestic Water in the Prefecture of Arta, Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Dimitriadi ◽  
Emmanuel Velonakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this research was the isolation ofLegionellaspp. from domestic water supply networks in the Prefecture of Arta. A total of 100 water samples, from 25 houses, were collected. Half of the samples concerned the cold water and half the hot water supply. Purpose was to detect colonization of the water networks withLegionellaspp. >500 cfu/L by using the method of filtration (ISO 11731). Out of 100 samples, 6 samples from 3 houses were positive forLegionellaspp.Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 2–14 was isolated in 5 of 6 samples, whereas in the sixth sampleLegionella anisawas identified. Only three of the samples had residual chloride over 0.2 mg/L, rate which is necessary for potable water, according to the Greek hygienic practice. Concerning the temperature of hot water, the mean temperature of the negative forLegionellasamples was higher compared to the mean temperature of the positive forLegionellasamples (49.9°C versus 45.5°C). It is estimated that there is risk of infection through the use of showers. The low concentration of chloride and the temperature, which was found within the limits favorable to developingLegionellaspp. (20–45°C), provide fertile ground for proliferation of the bacteria.

scholarly journals Legionella spp. Colonization in Water Systems of Hotels Linked with Travel-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Papadakis ◽  
Maria Keramarou ◽  
Dimosthenis Chochlakis ◽  
Vassilios Sandalakis ◽  
Varvara Mouchtouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Supply Systems

Hotel water systems colonized with Legionella spp. have been the source of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease and cases, clusters or outbreaks continue to be reported worldwide each year. A total of 132 hotels linked with travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease, as reported through the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network, were inspected and tested for Legionella spp. during 2000–2019 by the public health authorities of the island of Crete (Greece). A total of 3,311 samples were collected: 1,885 (56.93%) from cold water supply systems, 1,387 (41.89%) from hot water supply systems, 37 (1.12%) were swab samples and two (0.06%) were soil. Of those, 685 (20.69%), were collected from 83 (62.89%) hotels, testing positive (≥ 50CFU/L) for Legionella pneumophila) serogroups 1-10, 12-14 and non-pneumophila species (L. anisa, L. erythra, L. tusconensis, L. taurinensis, L. birminghamensis, L. rubrilucens, L. londiniesis, L. oakridgensis, L. santicrusis, L. brunensis, L. maceacherii). The most frequently isolated L. pneumophila serogroups were 1 (27.92%) and 3 (17.08%). Significantly higher isolation rates were obtained from hot water supply systems (25.96%) versus cold water systems (16.98%) and swab samples (13.51%). A Relative Risk (R.R.) > 1 (p < 0.0001) was calculated for hot water temperature <55 °C (R.R.: 4.43), chlorine concentrations <0.2 mg/L (R.R.: 2.69), star rating <4 (R.R.: 1.73) and absence of Water Safety Plan implementation (R.R.: 1.57).

scholarly journals Legionella spp. Colonization in Water Systems of Hotels Linked with Travel-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2243
Author(s):  
Antonios Papadakis ◽  
Maria Keramarou ◽  
Dimosthenis Chochlakis ◽  
Vassilios Sandalakis ◽  
Varvara A. Mouchtouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Supply Systems

Hotel water systems colonized with Legionella spp. have been the source of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease, and cases, clusters and outbreaks continue to be reported worldwide each year. A total of 132 hotels linked with travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease, as reported through the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network, were inspected and tested for Legionella spp. during 2000–2019 by the public health authorities of the island of Crete (Greece). A total of 3311 samples were collected: 1885 (56.93%) from cold water supply systems, 1387 (41.89%) from hot water supply systems, 37 (1.12%) were swab samples and two (0.06%) were soil. Of those, 685 (20.69%), were collected from 83 (62.89%) hotels, testing positive (≥50 CFU/L) for Legionella pneumophila) serogroups 1–10, 12–14 and non-pneumophila species (L. anisa, L. erythra, L. tusconensis, L. taurinensis, L. birminghamensis, L. rubrilucens, L. londiniesis, L. oakridgensis, L. santicrusis, L. brunensis, L. maceacherii). The most frequently isolated L. pneumophila serogroups were 1 (27.92%) and 3 (17.08%). Significantly higher isolation rates were obtained from hot water supply systems (25.96%) versus cold water systems (16.98%) and swab samples (13.51%). A Relative Risk (R.R.) > 1 (p < 0.0001) was calculated for hot water temperature <55 °C (R.R.: 4.43), chlorine concentrations <0.2 mg/L (R.R.: 2.69), star ratings <4 (R.R.: 1.73) and absence of Water Safety Plan implementation (R.R.: 1.57).

Legionella pneumophila in a hospital potable hot water supply

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. T. Wagenvoort ◽  
P. C. J. Niemandsverdriet ◽  
C. Monnier ◽  
M. F. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Supply

scholarly journals CHRYSOLITE-CEMENT PIPESIN HOT WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
A. D. Zhukov ◽  
S. M. Neyman ◽  
S. Z. Radnaeva ◽  
O. B. Ayurova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Hot Water Supply

scholarly journals Upgrading the hot water supply system as a way to save energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 08010
Author(s):  
Guzel Akhmerova ◽  
Alina Zalyalova ◽  
Roman Badrutdinov ◽  
Elza Khaziakhmetova ◽  
Rashid Maksudov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Corrosive Activity ◽  
Hot Water Supply System

The efficiency of works on replacement of steel pipelines of hot water supply of Kazan with pipes from polymer materials was considered. Due to the high corrosive activity of water, the service life of hot water pipelines does not exceed 8-10 years. To improve the reliability and quality of the supply of hot water to consumers, the possibility of modernizing hot water supply networks using pipelines made of polymer materials is being considered. The problem of physical wear of heat supply networks is disclosed; analysis of polymer pipelines use for energy saving purposes is carried out. Thermal energy savings are calculated after the modernization of heating networks. The costs, savings and payback period of the energy-saving measures are determined.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL AND RATE OF LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA CONTAMINATION OF HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN THE THERAPEUTIC-AND-PROPHYLACTIC INSTITUTIONS OF MOSCOW

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
O. A. Gruzdeva ◽  
N. N. Filatov ◽  
O. V. Sadretdinova ◽  
T. I. Karpova ◽  
Yu. E. Dronina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
High Level ◽  
Supply Systems

The specific features of Legionella colonization of water supply systems were studied in the large healthcare facilities (HCF) of Moscow. Examination of 16 buildings of 5 Moscow multidisciplinary HCFs, including their risk-group units, revealed the high level (68%) of Legionella pneumophila contamination of hot water supply systems. Among the Legionella pneumophila strains circulating in the hot water supply systems of Moscow HCFs, there was a preponderance of its serogroup 6 (44%), 5 (26%), and 1 (13%) strains. The findings suggest that it is necessary to arrange a set of prophylactic measures for microbiological monitoring and protection of water systems in the HCFs, which are aimed at preventing nosocomial legionellosis.

scholarly journals Circulation management in hot water supply systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 2150 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
P V Rotov ◽  
A A Sivukhin ◽  
M A Rotova ◽  
R A Gafurov ◽  
A V Gorshkov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract The compliance of the actual heat consumption for heating cold water for public hot water supply service with the approved standard has been analyzed. Using passive engineering experiments, we studied the operating modes of hot water supply systems for several groups of houses, in which different methods for regulating water consumption in hot water supply systems were used. Data were collected using online energy monitoring and commercial metering system. Features of the static and dynamic load regulation of hot water systems have been investigated. The effect of methods for regulating the heat load of hot water supply systems on their actual heat consumption has been analyzed. An assessment has been made of the possibility of bringing the actual operating mode of the hot water systems to the specified value which is the basis for calculating the consumption rate. Ways to improve the efficiency of hot water supply systems have been determined. Conclusions have been drawn concerning the need to revise the standardized indicators of hot water quality and adjust the methodology for calculating the consumption rate in hot water supply systems.

scholarly journals Inhibition effects of Gorge Fischer plumbing system on growth and amplification of Legionella Pneumophila with culture and PCR based on 16sRNA and mip genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Barzegar ◽  
Ghader Ghanizadeh ◽  
Davoud Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Legionella is an aquatic bacterium that causes Legionnaires' fever. Methods Fifty-six samples of the hot and cold-water system were collected. Characteristics of water samples were measured. Culture was performed in BCYE agar. Molecular identification was performed by PCR. Results The mean residual chlorine were 0.73 to 0.88 mg / l. Culture results were positive 58.8% of George Fischer and 23.5% of Ray Ho and 60% Taleghani hospital samples. PCR results based on 16sRNA were 35.2% of the George Fischer system, 45.4%, from Ray Ho piping and 54.5% from Taleghani hospital. the results of the mip gene, 82.3% of George Fischer, 54.5% of RayHo and 20% of Taleghani hospital were positive. Conclusion George Fischer’s Legionella stopper pipes and fittings have a good ability to control the growth Legion density in the indoor water supply system and can be considered as a suitable option for use in indoor plumbing and water supply.

scholarly journals About the optimization in calculations of internal cold and hot water supply systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kushka ◽  
Nataliia Stepova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Internal Networks ◽  
Two Parameters

Regulatory literature, namely the DBN "Domestic Water Supply and Sewerage" does not offer an algorithm for obtaining the optimal diameters on all, without exception, the calculated sections of internal networks of cold and hot water supply. In general, it is not proposed to consider the entire network as a single object. It indicates only the maximum velocities of water in the calculated sections, which depend on the material of the pipe, and states that it is necessary "to maximally use the guaranteed head in the city network. These are two mutually exclusive recommendations. When one is implemented, it is impossible to implement the other and vice versa. It is proposed to completely formalize the calculations of internal networks from finding diameters on individual design sections of the internal network of cold or hot water supply. Optimization is performed simultaneously for all sections of the network without exception. For calculations, to find the best network variant, it is suggested to use two parameters: quantity and quality. As it is generally known, only simultaneous fulfillment of these two parameters enables the water supply network to be reliable. The quality of water depends on the time in which it reaches the consumer. The longer the time, the worse the quality of water. This applies to both cold and hot water. The quantity of water depends on the pressure. The greater the head, the higher the speed of movement and accordingly the higher the flow of water, but there is a disadvantage - the higher the head loss on the way to the consumer and the higher the fee for the service. The search for optimality, so that it was both fast and the head loss is minimal and gives the best option for the network. When using the methodology, neither the designer's experience in solving such problems, nor his general professional level has any influence on the result. This, in turn, makes it possible to quickly solve problems of finding the best option in a short time, as well as to further reduce the time when calculating the network to make the software and in this case the professional level of the designer in general will not have any bearing on the quality of calculations.

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