Legionella pneumophila in a hospital potable hot water supply

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. T. Wagenvoort ◽  
P. C. J. Niemandsverdriet ◽  
C. Monnier ◽  
M. F. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Supply

scholarly journals Legionella spp. Colonization in Water Systems of Hotels Linked with Travel-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Papadakis ◽  
Maria Keramarou ◽  
Dimosthenis Chochlakis ◽  
Vassilios Sandalakis ◽  
Varvara Mouchtouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Supply Systems

Hotel water systems colonized with Legionella spp. have been the source of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease and cases, clusters or outbreaks continue to be reported worldwide each year. A total of 132 hotels linked with travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease, as reported through the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network, were inspected and tested for Legionella spp. during 2000–2019 by the public health authorities of the island of Crete (Greece). A total of 3,311 samples were collected: 1,885 (56.93%) from cold water supply systems, 1,387 (41.89%) from hot water supply systems, 37 (1.12%) were swab samples and two (0.06%) were soil. Of those, 685 (20.69%), were collected from 83 (62.89%) hotels, testing positive (≥ 50CFU/L) for Legionella pneumophila) serogroups 1-10, 12-14 and non-pneumophila species (L. anisa, L. erythra, L. tusconensis, L. taurinensis, L. birminghamensis, L. rubrilucens, L. londiniesis, L. oakridgensis, L. santicrusis, L. brunensis, L. maceacherii). The most frequently isolated L. pneumophila serogroups were 1 (27.92%) and 3 (17.08%). Significantly higher isolation rates were obtained from hot water supply systems (25.96%) versus cold water systems (16.98%) and swab samples (13.51%). A Relative Risk (R.R.) > 1 (p < 0.0001) was calculated for hot water temperature <55 °C (R.R.: 4.43), chlorine concentrations <0.2 mg/L (R.R.: 2.69), star rating <4 (R.R.: 1.73) and absence of Water Safety Plan implementation (R.R.: 1.57).

scholarly journals Detection ofLegionellaspp. from Domestic Water in the Prefecture of Arta, Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Dimitriadi ◽  
Emmanuel Velonakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this research was the isolation ofLegionellaspp. from domestic water supply networks in the Prefecture of Arta. A total of 100 water samples, from 25 houses, were collected. Half of the samples concerned the cold water and half the hot water supply. Purpose was to detect colonization of the water networks withLegionellaspp. >500 cfu/L by using the method of filtration (ISO 11731). Out of 100 samples, 6 samples from 3 houses were positive forLegionellaspp.Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 2–14 was isolated in 5 of 6 samples, whereas in the sixth sampleLegionella anisawas identified. Only three of the samples had residual chloride over 0.2 mg/L, rate which is necessary for potable water, according to the Greek hygienic practice. Concerning the temperature of hot water, the mean temperature of the negative forLegionellasamples was higher compared to the mean temperature of the positive forLegionellasamples (49.9°C versus 45.5°C). It is estimated that there is risk of infection through the use of showers. The low concentration of chloride and the temperature, which was found within the limits favorable to developingLegionellaspp. (20–45°C), provide fertile ground for proliferation of the bacteria.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL AND RATE OF LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA CONTAMINATION OF HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN THE THERAPEUTIC-AND-PROPHYLACTIC INSTITUTIONS OF MOSCOW

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
O. A. Gruzdeva ◽  
N. N. Filatov ◽  
O. V. Sadretdinova ◽  
T. I. Karpova ◽  
Yu. E. Dronina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
High Level ◽  
Supply Systems

The specific features of Legionella colonization of water supply systems were studied in the large healthcare facilities (HCF) of Moscow. Examination of 16 buildings of 5 Moscow multidisciplinary HCFs, including their risk-group units, revealed the high level (68%) of Legionella pneumophila contamination of hot water supply systems. Among the Legionella pneumophila strains circulating in the hot water supply systems of Moscow HCFs, there was a preponderance of its serogroup 6 (44%), 5 (26%), and 1 (13%) strains. The findings suggest that it is necessary to arrange a set of prophylactic measures for microbiological monitoring and protection of water systems in the HCFs, which are aimed at preventing nosocomial legionellosis.

scholarly journals Legionella spp. Colonization in Water Systems of Hotels Linked with Travel-Associated Legionnaires’ Disease

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2243
Author(s):  
Antonios Papadakis ◽  
Maria Keramarou ◽  
Dimosthenis Chochlakis ◽  
Vassilios Sandalakis ◽  
Varvara A. Mouchtouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Supply Systems

Hotel water systems colonized with Legionella spp. have been the source of travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease, and cases, clusters and outbreaks continue to be reported worldwide each year. A total of 132 hotels linked with travel-associated Legionnaires’ disease, as reported through the European Legionnaires’ Disease Surveillance Network, were inspected and tested for Legionella spp. during 2000–2019 by the public health authorities of the island of Crete (Greece). A total of 3311 samples were collected: 1885 (56.93%) from cold water supply systems, 1387 (41.89%) from hot water supply systems, 37 (1.12%) were swab samples and two (0.06%) were soil. Of those, 685 (20.69%), were collected from 83 (62.89%) hotels, testing positive (≥50 CFU/L) for Legionella pneumophila) serogroups 1–10, 12–14 and non-pneumophila species (L. anisa, L. erythra, L. tusconensis, L. taurinensis, L. birminghamensis, L. rubrilucens, L. londiniesis, L. oakridgensis, L. santicrusis, L. brunensis, L. maceacherii). The most frequently isolated L. pneumophila serogroups were 1 (27.92%) and 3 (17.08%). Significantly higher isolation rates were obtained from hot water supply systems (25.96%) versus cold water systems (16.98%) and swab samples (13.51%). A Relative Risk (R.R.) > 1 (p < 0.0001) was calculated for hot water temperature <55 °C (R.R.: 4.43), chlorine concentrations <0.2 mg/L (R.R.: 2.69), star ratings <4 (R.R.: 1.73) and absence of Water Safety Plan implementation (R.R.: 1.57).

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