scholarly journals A Sequential Statistical Approach towards an Optimized Production of a Broad Spectrum Bacteriocin Substance from a Soil BacteriumBacillussp. YAS 1 Strain

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira M. Embaby ◽  
Yasmin Heshmat ◽  
Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Heba S. Marey
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

Bacteriocins, ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, display potential applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. The present study highlights integral statistical optimization and partial characterization of a bacteriocin substance from a soil bacterium taxonomically affiliated asBacillussp. YAS 1 after biochemical and molecular identifications. A sequential statistical approach (Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken) was employed to optimize bacteriocin (BAC YAS 1) production. Using optimal levels of three key determinants (yeast extract (0.48% (w/v), incubation time (62 hrs), and agitation speed (207 rpm)) in peptone yeast beef based production medium resulted in 1.6-fold enhancement in BAC YAS 1 level (470 AU/mL arbitrary units againstErwinia amylovora). BAC YAS 1 showed activity over a wide range of pH (1–13) and temperature (45–80°C). A wide spectrum antimicrobial activity of BAC YAS 1 against the human pathogens (Clostridium perfringens,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Campylobacter jejuni,Enterobacter aerogenes,Enterococcussp.,Proteussp.,Klebsiellasp., andSalmonella typhimurium), the plant pathogen (E. amylovora), and the food spoiler (Listeria innocua) was demonstrated. On top and above, BAC YAS 1 showed no antimicrobial activity towards lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bulgaricus,L. casei,L. lactis, andL. reuteri). Promising characteristics of BAC YAS 1 prompt its commercialization for efficient utilization in several industries.

Electrostatically Coupled MEM Oscillators

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajashree Baskaran ◽  
Kimberly L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Electromechanical Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

Abstract MicroElectroMechanical (MEM) Oscillators have a wide range of potential applications and understanding the underlying system dynamics thoroughly is essential. In this paper, we present the design, modeling and characterization of a pair of electrostatically coupled torsional oscillators fabricated with the SCREAM(1) process. The dynamic and electrostatic characteristics of the new design lead to various applications and also serve as an interesting ground for understanding the electromechanical interaction and non-linearities in MEM devices.

Prospects of Emerging Engineered oxide nanomaterials and their Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Gangwar ◽  
Bipin Kumar Gupta ◽  
Avanish Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Vanadium Oxides ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Oxide Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Potential Applications

<p>This review article mainly focused on the recent progress on the synthesis and characterization of emerging artificially engineered nanostructures of oxide materials as well as their potential applications. A fundamental understanding about the state-of-the-art of the synthesis for different size, shape and morphology, which can be tuned to the desired properties of oxide nanomaterials have discussed in details in this review. The present review covers the a wide range of artificially engineered oxide nanomaterials such as cadmium-, cupric-, nickel-, magnesium-, zinc-, titanium-, tin-, aluminium-, and vanadium-oxides and their useful applications in sensors, optical displays, nanofluids and defence.</p>

scholarly journals Identification, Characterization, and Recombinant Expression of Epidermicin NI01, a Novel Unmodified Bacteriocin Produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis That Displays Potent Activity against Staphylococci

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1539-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sandiford ◽  
Mathew Upton
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Recombinant Expression ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTWe describe the discovery, purification, characterization, and expression of an antimicrobial peptide, epidermicin NI01, which is an unmodified bacteriocin produced byStaphylococcus epidermidisstrain 224. It is a highly cationic, hydrophobic, plasmid-encoded peptide that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity toward a wide range of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), enterococci, and biofilm-formingS. epidermidisstrains. Purification of the peptide was achieved using a combination of hydrophobic interaction, cation exchange, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis yielded a molecular mass of 6,074 Da, and partial sequence data of the peptide were elucidated using a combination of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) andde novosequencing. The draft genome sequence of the producing strain was obtained using 454 pyrosequencing technology, thus enabling the identification of the structural gene using thede novopeptide sequence data previously obtained. Epidermicin NI01 contains 51 residues with four tryptophan and nine lysine residues, and the sequence showed approximately 50% identity to peptides lacticin Z, lacticin Q, and aureocin A53, all of which belong to a new family of unmodified type II-like bacteriocins. The peptide is active in the nanomolar range againstS. epidermidis, MRSA isolates, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Other unique features displayed by epidermicin include a high degree of protease stability and the ability to retain antimicrobial activity over a pH range of 2 to 10, and exposure to the peptide does not result in development of resistance in susceptible isolates. In this study we also show the structural gene alone can be cloned intoEscherichia colistrain BL21(DE3), and expression yields active peptide.

A review on the role of artificial intelligence in stem cell therapy: An initiative for modern medicines

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Shende ◽  
Nikita P. Devlekar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Prediction Of Mortality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Applications Of Ai

: Stem cells (SCs) show a wide range of applications in the treatment of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. SC related research has gained popularity owing to the unique characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation. Artificial intelligence (AI), an emerging field of computer science and engineering has shown potential applications in different fields like robotics, agriculture, home automation, healthcare, banking, and transportation since its invention. This review aims to describe the various applications of AI in SC biology including understanding the behavior of SCs, recognizing individual cell type before undergoing differentiation, characterization of SCs using mathematical models and prediction of mortality risk associated with SC transplantation. This review emphasizes the role of neural networks in SC biology and further elucidates the concepts of machine learning and deep learning and their applications in SC research.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids: An Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica A. Jesus ◽  
João Henrique G. Lago ◽  
Márcia D. Laurenti ◽  
Eduardo S. Yamamoto ◽  
Luiz Felipe D. Passero
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Use

Triterpenoids are the most representative group of phytochemicals, as they comprise more than 20,000 recognized molecules. These compounds are biosynthesized in plants via squalene cyclization, a C30hydrocarbon that is considered to be the precursor of all steroids. Due to their low hydrophilicity, triterpenes were considered to be inactive for a long period of time; however, evidence regarding their wide range of pharmacological activities is emerging, and elegant studies have highlighted these activities. Several triterpenic skeletons have been described, including some that have presented with pentacyclic features, such as oleanolic and ursolic acids. These compounds have displayed incontestable biological activity, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antiprotozoal effects, which were not included in a single review until now. Thus, the present review investigates the potential use of these triterpenes against human pathogens, including their mechanisms of action, viain vivostudies, and the future perspectives about the use of compounds for human or even animal health are also discussed.

scholarly journals Paenibacillus alvei MP1 as a Producer of the Proteinaceous Compound with Activity against Important Human Pathogens, Including Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pajor ◽  
Zirui Ray Xiong ◽  
Randy W. Worobo ◽  
Piotr Szweda
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Honey Sample ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate Precipitate ◽  
The One

An emerging need for new classes of antibiotics is, on the one hand, evident as antimicrobial resistance continues to rise. On the other hand, the awareness of the pros and cons of chemically synthesized compounds’ extensive use leads to a search for new metabolites in already known reservoirs. Previous research showed that Paenibacillus strain (P. alvei MP1) recovered from a buckwheat honey sample presented a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Recent investigation has confirmed that P. alvei MP1 (deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession WSQB00000000) produces a proteinaceous, heat-stable compound(s) with the maximum antimicrobial production obtained after 18 h of P. alvei MP1 growth in LB medium at 37 °C with continuous shaking at 200 RPM. The highest activity was found in the 40% ammonium sulfate precipitate, with high activity also remaining in the 50% and 60% ammonium sulfate precipitates. Moderate to high antimicrobial activity that is insensitive to proteases or heat treatment, was confirmed against pathogenic bacteria that included L. monocytogenes FSL – X1-0001 (strain 10403S), S. aureus L1 – 0030 and E. coli O157: H7. Further studies, including de novo sequencing of peptides by mass spectrometry, are in progress.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Five Plant Species against Nine Common Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo Adejumo ◽  
Ike Williams ◽  
Kehinde Ojewale ◽  
Christopher Igbokwe ◽  
Ibironke Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Test Organisms

Momordica charantia, Senna podocarpa, Senna alata, Ocimum gratissimum, and Sida acuta which have reportedly been used in folklore for the treatment of various diseases were studied for their antimicrobial activity. Crude methanolic extracts of the leaves were screened for phytochemicals after which they were tested in vitro for activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Aspergillus niger, A, flavus and Candida albicans. Phytochemicals present in the extracts included saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. These extracts also showed varying degrees of activity against tested organisms at a concentration range of 15.6 to 500 mg/ml. However, S. acuta showed activity against P. vulgaris, E. aerogenes and As. flavus only. The MIC of the extracts against test organisms ranged from 31.25 to 250 mg/ml. The significant antimicrobial susceptibility of the plant extracts against gram positive bacterial pathogens and some pathogenic yeasts, may not be due to the presence and synergistic interactions of secondary metabolites found in these plant extracts. This would have implications in health, particularly in developing countries where a singnificant percentage of the population are still using traditional plant extracts for health care. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 139-148, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Eryngium foetidum, an Ethnomedicinal Plant of Assam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajreepa Talukdar ◽  
Kumananda Tayung
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Eyngium foetidum L. is a medicinal plant widely used by ethnic tribal communities of Assam as an alternative source of medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to isolate, identify and assess the antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi associated with the healthy leaf tissues of E. foetidum. The endophytic fungi were isolated three different media, namely, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and Water Agar (WA) media and from three different sites. Altogether, 84 endophytic fungal isolates were isolated from 150 segments of leaf tissues. Dominant endophytes were found to be fungi belonging to the genus Colletotrichum, followed by non-sporulating members grouped under mycelia sterilia. Other fungal genera that were isolated as endophytes were Scopulariopsis, Cladosporium, Stemphylium, Penicilllium and Alternaria. The endophytic fungi thus isolated were studied for antimicrobial activity against some clinically significant human pathogenic test organisms. Ethyl acetate extracts of all endophytes exhibited antimicrobial activity by inhibiting at least one out of all the test pathogens. Amongst the isolated fungi, extracts obtained from three endophytes showed wide-spectrum activity against all the test organisms. The fungal endophytes were identified as Scopulariopsis sp., Penicillium sp. and a sterile isolate morphotype strain EF6. The study indicated that E. foetidum harbours a wide range of endophytes with antimicrobial properties and further detailed investigation of the compound present in them would lead to their potential therapeutic applications as a new source of medicine.

Congenital Anomalies of the Superior Vena Cava: Embryological Correlation, Imaging Perspectives, and Clinical Relevance

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed Ghandour ◽  
Karunakaravel Karuppasamy ◽  
Prabhakar Rajiah
Keyword(s):  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

There is a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies of the superior vena cava, which are more increasingly recognized in cross-sectional imaging. Although some of these anomalies are asymptomatic, others have important clinical and interventional implications. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play an important role in the accurate characterization of these anomalies, which is essential for mapping prior to surgeries or interventions. In this article, we review a wide range of anomalies of the superior vena cava, including the embryological basis, cross-sectional imaging findings, and clinical implications, particularly from an interventional radiology perspective. We also discuss the treatments and complications of these anomalies.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition and Structural Characterization of the Clinoptilolite Powders Obtained from Zeolite-Rich Tuffs

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pabiś-Mazgaj ◽  
Tomasz Gawenda ◽  
Paweł Pichniarczyk ◽  
Agata Stempkowska
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Clinoptilolite is a precious zeolite mineral that has the most comprehensive physicochemical properties among all the zeolite group minerals. Due to these unique properties, clinoptilolite has a wide range of applications in many different industries. In Poland, the clinoptilolite occurs only as an accompanying mineral in the sedimentary rocks nearby Rzeszów. In Europe, the abundant clinoptilolite-bearing deposits are located in Slovakia and Ukraine, where clinoptilolite mineralization occurs in the volcanic tuffs. Due to clinoptilolite’s rare performance, it is extremely crucial to manage its deposits in a complementary manner. In this paper, the mineralogical and structural characterization of the clinoptilolite powders obtained by mineral processing of the clinoptilolite-rich tuffs from Slovakia and Ukraine deposits were discussed. The scope of research covered determination of the mineral composition of the tuffs, structural analysis of the clinoptilolite crystals, as well as textural and physical properties of the powders obtained by mineral processing of the tuffs. In addition, this paper includes the comparative study of the most significant zeolite deposits in the world and investigated clinoptilolite-rich tuffs. A wide spectrum of methods was used: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (DSC, TG), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS), the laser diffraction technique, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The test results indicated that the major component of the tuffs is clinoptilolite, which crystallized in the form of very fine-crystalline thin plates. The clinoptilolite mineralization in the Ukrainian and Slovakian tuffs exhibited a strong resemblance to the clinoptilolite crystals in Yemeni and Turkish tuffs. With respect to the mineral composition, the investigated tuffs showed excellent conformity with the Miocene white tuffs from Romania. The Ukrainian and Slovakian tuffs do not reveal the presence of the clay minerals, which is quite common for naturally occurring zeolite-rich rocks in various deposits in the world. The textural features together with mineral composition of the investigated samples incline that they are potentially suitable raw materials for the sorbent of petroleum compounds. Moreover, the obtained results can be useful indicators with respect to the crushing and compaction susceptibility of the Ukrainian and Slovakian clinoptilolite-rich tuffs.

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