scholarly journals Subcutaneous Implants of Buprenorphine-Cholesterol-Triglyceride Powder in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. DeTolla ◽  
R. Sanchez ◽  
E. Khan ◽  
B. Tyler ◽  
M. Guarnieri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Test System ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Safety Test ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Animal Safety ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Drug Implants

Subcutaneous drug implants are convenient systems for the long-term delivery of drugs in animals. Lipid carriers are logical tools because they generally allow for higher doses and low toxicity. The present study used an US Food and Drug Administration Target Animal Safety test system to evaluate the safety of a subcutaneous implant of a cholesterol-triglyceride-buprenorphine powder in 120 BALB/c mice. Mice were evaluated in 4- and 12-day trials with 1- and 5-fold doses of the intended 3 mg/kg dose of drug. One male mouse treated with three 3 mg/kg doses and surgery on days 0, 4, and 8 died on day 9. The cause of death was not determined. In the surviving 119 mice there was no evidence of skin reaction at the site of the implant. Compared to control animals treated with saline, weight measurements, clinical pathology, histopathology, and clinical observations were unremarkable. These results demonstrate that the lipid carrier is substantially safe. Cholesterol-triglyceride-drug powders may provide a valuable research tool for studies of analgesic and inflammatory drug implants in veterinary medicine.

A high-efficiency, low-toxicity, phospholipids-based phase separation gel for long-term delivery of peptides

Biomaterials ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Qiang Peng ◽  
Feng-Ying San ◽  
Jing-Wen Luo ◽  
Meng-Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
Low Toxicity

Generalized mycobacteriosis with secondary lesions of the spine in HIV positive patients

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Histological Picture ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Spinal Lesion ◽  
Secondary Lesion

2 clinical observations of generalized forms of mycobacteriosis in HIV (+) patients complicated by secondary spinal lesion are described. Anamnestic data on the presence of mycobacteriosis of the lungs allowed to suspect a secondary lesion of the spine. Verification of the diagnosis is possible only with bacteriological confirmation, since the histological picture is nonspecific and resembles tuberculous granulomatous inflammation. Treatment of spondylitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria is complex and includes both surgical rehabilitation of the focus and long-term (at least 1 year) antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Toxic or Not Toxic, That Is the Carbon Quantum Dot’s Question: A Comprehensive Evaluation with Zebrafish Embryo, Eleutheroembryo, and Adult Models

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Chung ◽  
Yu-Ju Chen ◽  
Chia-Hui Kang ◽  
Hung-Yun Lin ◽  
Chih-Ching Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zebrafish Embryo ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Toxicity

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are emerging novel nanomaterials with a wide range of applications and high biocompatibility. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on whether CQDs can cause acute or long-term adverse reactions in aquatic organisms. In this study, two different types of CQDs prepared by ammonia citrate and spermidine, namely CQDAC and CQDSpd, were used to evaluate their biocompatibilities. In the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET), the LD50 of CQDAC and CQDSpd was about 500 and 100 ppm. During the stage of eleutheroembryo, the LD50 decreased to 340 and 55 ppm, respectively. However, both CQDs were quickly eliminated from embryo and eleutheroembryo, indicating a lack of bioaccumulation. Long-term accumulation of CQDs was also performed in this study, and adult zebrafish showed no adverse effects in 12 weeks. In addition, there was no difference in the hatchability and deformity rates of offspring produced by adult zebrafish, regardless of whether they were fed CQDs or not. The results showed that both CQDAC and CQDSpd have low toxicity and bioaccumulation to zebrafish. Moreover, the toxicity assay developed in this study provides a comprehensive platform to assess the impacts of CQDs on aquatic organisms in the future.

scholarly journals Long-term safety evaluation of Daxocox® tablets (enflicoxib) in dogs after weekly oral administrations for seven months

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Homedes ◽  
Marta Salichs ◽  
Antonio Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Safety Margin ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Relevant Dose ◽  
Mucosal Bleeding ◽  
Animal Safety

Abstract Background Daxocox® [Ecuphar/Animalcare Group] contains the selective COX-2 inhibitor enflicoxib, approved in the EU for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs. The safety of Daxocox® was evaluated in a target animal safety study: Groups of 4 dogs per sex each were treated once weekly with placebo or Daxocox tablets at 1-, 3- and 5-times (1X, 3X and 5X) the maximum recommended therapeutic dose of enflicoxib (0, 4, 12 or 20 mg/kg, respectively). After an initial loading dose, dogs in the placebo control, 1X and 3X groups were administered for 32 weeks, and those in the 5X group were administered for 13 weeks. Dogs were subjected to daily food consumption measurements and clinical and dose observations. Body weight measurements, physical examinations, clinical pathology, urinalysis, faecal occult blood (FOB) and electrocardiographic (ECG) and blood pressure measurements, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), ophthalmology and gastroduodenal endoscopy examinations were conducted throughout the study. At study completion, all dogs were subjected to gross necropsy. Histopathology was performed on selected tissues from all animals in all groups. Results No clinical signs were noted, and no toxicologically relevant dose-associated effects were observed. Conclusions Results show that Daxocox® is well-tolerated and has a broad safety margin when administered as directed in dogs.

scholarly journals How long is long-term? Delivery of anti-HIV antibodies using AAV vector

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
J. Martinez-Navio ◽  
R. Desrosiers ◽  
S. Fuchs ◽  
D. Mendes ◽  
E. Rakasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aav Vector ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
Anti Hiv

scholarly journals Nanobiocide Based-Silver Nanomaterials Upon Coronaviruses: Approaches for Preventing Viral Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamyar Khoshnevisan ◽  
Hassan Maleki ◽  
Hadi Baharifar
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Silver Nanomaterials ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Nano Graphene

Abstract The effectiveness of silver nanomaterials (AgNMs), as antiviral agents, has been confirmed in humans against many different types of viruses. Nanobiocides-based AgNMs can be effectively applied to eliminate coronaviruses (CoVs), as the cause of various diseases in animals and humans, particularly the fatal human respiratory infections. Mostly, these NMs act effectively against CoVs, thanks to the NMs’ fundamental anti-viral structures like reactive oxygen species (ROS), and photo-dynamic and photo-thermal abilities. Particularly, the antiviral activity of AgNMs is clarified under three inhibitory mechanisms including viral entry limitation, attachment inhibition, and viral replication limitation. It is believed that nanobiocide with other possible materials such as TiO2, silica and, carbon NMs exclusively nano-graphene materials can emerge as a more effective disinfectant for long-term stability with low toxicity than common disinfectants. Nanobiocides also can be applied for the prevention and treatment of viral infections specifically against COVID-19. Graphic Abstract

Physically crosslinked injectable hydrogels for long-term delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses for cancer treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4195-4207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thai Minh Duy Le ◽  
Bo-Kyeong Jung ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Huu Thuy Trang Duong ◽  
Thanh Loc Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels ◽  
Injectable Hydrogel ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Oncolytic Adenoviruses ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
Physically Crosslinked ◽  
Hydrogel System

A dual pH- and temperature-responsive physically crosslinked and injectable hydrogel system was developed for efficient and long-term delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads).

scholarly journals Effects of bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral peritoneal dialysis fluids on angiogenesis-related proteins in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromichi Ueno ◽  
Tetsu Miyamoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Morimoto ◽  
Kenya Sanada ◽  
Ikutaro Furuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antibody Array ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
Cxc Chemokine ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Chemokine Family ◽  
Dialysis Fluids

Abstract Background In order to facilitate the safe and long-term delivery of peritoneal dialysis (PD), it is necessary to improve the biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs). The novel bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral PDFs (B/L-PDFs) are expected to be improved biocompatible. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of B/L-PDFs by analysis on the profile of angiogenesis-related proteins in drained dialysate of patients undergoing PD. Methods Concentrations of 20 angiogenesis-related proteins in the dialysate were semi-quantitatively determined using a RayBio® Human Angiogenesis Antibody Array and were compared between B/L-PDFs and conventional lactate-buffered neutral PDFs (L-PDFs). Results The expression of growth-related oncogene (GRO α/β/γ), which belongs to the CXC chemokine family, decreased significantly after use of the B/L-PDFs compared to the L-PDFs (P = 0.03). The number of the proteins with lower level in the B/L-PDFs compared with L-PDFs was significantly negatively correlated with the PD duration (Spearman ρ = − 0.81, P = 0.004). Conclusion This study suggested that B/L-PDFs are more biocompatible than conventional PDFs.

scholarly journals Long-term delivery of protein therapeutics

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Vaishya ◽  
Varun Khurana ◽  
Sulabh Patel ◽  
Ashim K Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Protein Therapeutics ◽  
Term Delivery
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