scholarly journals Obesity and Low-Grade Inflammation Increase Plasma Follistatin-Like 3 in Humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Brandt ◽  
Maria Pedersen ◽  
Anders Rinnov ◽  
Anne S. Andreasen ◽  
Kirsten Møller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Background. Rodent models suggest that follistatin-like 3 (fstl3) is associated with diabetes and obesity. In humans, plasma fstl3 is reduced with gestational diabetes.In vitro, TNF-αinduces fstl3 secretion, which suggests a link to inflammation.Objective. To elucidate the association between plasma fstl3 and obesity, insulin resistance, and low-grade inflammation in humans.Study Design. Plasma fstl3 levels were determined in a cross-sectional study including three groups: patients with type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and healthy controls. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF-α, or interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp were used to examine if plasma fstl3 was acutely regulated in humans.Results. Plasma fstl3 was increased in obese subjects independent of glycemic state. Moreover, plasma fstl3 was positively correlated with fat mass, plasma leptin, fasting insulin, and HOMA B and negatively with HOMA S. Furthermore plasma fstl3 correlated positively with plasma TNF-αand IL-6 levels. Infusion of LPS and TNF-α, but not IL-6 and insulin, increased plasma fstl3 in humans.Conclusion. Plasma fstl3 is increased in obese subjects and associated with fat mass and low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, TNF-αincreased plasma fstl3, suggesting that TNF-αis one of the inflammatory drivers of increased systemic levels of fstl3.

scholarly journals Circulating glucagon is associated with inflammatory mediators in metabolically compromised subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Ortega ◽  
José M Moreno-Navarrete ◽  
Mónica Sabater ◽  
Wifredo Ricart ◽  
Gema Frühbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

BackgroundAcute phase mediators promote metabolic changes by modifying circulating hormones. However, there is virtually no data about the link between glucagon and inflammatory parameters in obesity-related chronic low-grade inflammation.Study designWe performed both cross-sectional and longitudinal (diet-induced weight loss) studies.MethodsCirculating glucagon concentrations (ELISA), parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, interleukin 6 (IL6), and complement factor B (CFB) were analyzed in 316 subjects (250 men and 66 women). The effects of weight loss were investigated in an independent cohort of 20 subjects.ResultsCirculating glucagon significantly correlated with glucose (r=0.407,P<0.0001), HbAlc (r=0.426,P<0.0001), fasting triglycerides (r=0.356,P=0.001), and parameters of innate immune response system such as IL6 (r=0.342,P=0.050) and CFB (r=0.404,P=0.002) in obese subjects with altered glucose tolerance, but not in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). In obese and NGT subjects, glucagon was associated with fasting triglycerides (r=0.475,P=0.003) and CFB (r=0.624,P=0.001). In obese subjects, glucagon (P=0.019) and CFB (P=0.002) independently contributed to 26% of fasting triglyceride variance (P<0.0001) after controlling for the effects of age and fasting serum glucose concentration in multiple lineal regression models. Moreover, concomitant with fat mass, fasting triglycerides, and CFB, weight loss led to significantly decreased circulating glucagon (−23.1%,P=0.004).ConclusionsAccording to the current results, acute phase reactants such as IL6 and CFB are associated with fasting glucagon in metabolically compromised subjects. This suggests that glucagon may be behind the association between inflammatory and metabolic parameters in obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation.

scholarly journals Frequency and Determinants of Erectile Dysfunction among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Michael A. Olamoyegun ◽  
Oluwabukola A. Ala ◽  
Emmanuel Y. Fagbemiro
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Institution ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Background: Sexual dysfunction of which erectile dysfunction is one of the complications usually occurred in men with diabetes mellitus. Hence this study aimed to assess the prevalence and analyze risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 147 men with type 2 DM recruited from the diabetes clinic of a tertiary health institution in Nigeria. ED was assessed using an abridged version of international index of erectile function (IIEF–5). Sociodemographic data that included age, education, occupation, marital status were assessed and medical history including diabetes duration, smoking, alcohol intake, frequency and style of sexual intercourse obtained. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 68.22±12.15 years. The prevalence of ED was 69.5%, of which 14.3%, 14.3%, 10.5% and 29.9% had mild, mild-moderate, moderate and severe dysfunctions respectively. The prevalence of ED increased with age, duration of diabetes and obesity but not with glycaemic control, consumption of alcohol or smoking. Conclusions: ED was highly prevalent among men with DM in South-West Nigeria. Hence, efforts must be made to reduce the high prevalence by managing the factors responsible for its development. Also, health care practitioners must regularly inquire about this specifically as patients may not readily volunteer this information.

scholarly journals Association between human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection and advanced periodontitis in relation to atherosclerosis among elderly Japanese: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Shimizu ◽  
Hirotomo Yamanashi ◽  
Masayasu Kitamura ◽  
Reiko Furugen ◽  
Takahiro Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Leukemia Virus Type ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
T Cell Leukemia Virus ◽  
Elderly Japanese ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Abstract Background Human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) stimulates inflammation activity. Our previous study revealed a positive association between asymptomatic HTLV-1 infection and advanced periodontitis among elderly Japanese individuals with low levels of hematopoietic activity (reflected by reticulocyte levels). Since low hematopoietic activity has been correlated with low-grade inflammation and low-grade inflammation is associated with atherosclerosis, the status of atherosclerosis could, in turn, determine the nature of this association. Methods To this end, a cross-sectional study of 907 elderly Japanese individuals (aged 60–99 years), who had participated in dental health check-up during the period 2016–2018, was conducted. Advanced periodontitis was defined as periodontal pocket ≥ 6.0 mm. Results Among the study population, 295 (32.5%) were found to have atherosclerosis defined as a carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) of ≥ 1.1 mm. HTLV-1 infection was positively associated with advanced periodontitis in participants with atherosclerosis, but no significant associations were observed among the participants without atherosclerosis. The known risk factors’ (including reticulocyte and CIMT) adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of advanced periodontitis were OR 2.01 and 95% CI 1.06–3.81 for participants with atherosclerosis and OR 0.61 and 95% CI 0.34–1.12 for participants without atherosclerosis. Conclusion This study found a significant association between HTLV-1 infection and advanced periodontitis among elderly Japanese with atherosclerosis. However, this association is absent in individuals without atherosclerosis, suggesting that atherosclerosis might act as a determinant in the association between HTLV-1 infection and advanced periodontitis among elderly Japanese.

scholarly journals The Production of Nitric Oxide, IL-6, and TNF-Alpha in Palmitate-Stimulated PBMNCs Is Enhanced through Hyperglycemia in Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Maria Oliveira Volpe ◽  
Luana Farnese Machado Abreu ◽  
Pollyanna Stephanie Gomes ◽  
Raquel Miranda Gonzaga ◽  
Clara Araújo Veloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Simultaneous Control ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

We examined nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-αsecretion from cultured palmitate-stimulated PBMNCs or in the plasma from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) patients or nondiabetic (ND) controls. Free fatty acids (FFA) have been suggested to induce chronic low-grade inflammation, activate the innate immune system, and cause deleterious effects on vascular cells and other tissues through inflammatory processes. The levels of NO, IL-6, TNF-α, and MDA were higher in supernatant of palmitate stimulated blood cells (PBMNC) or from plasma from patients. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that hyperglycemia in diabetes exacerbatesin vitroinflammatory responses in PBMNCs stimulated with high levels of SFA (palmitate). These results suggest that hyperglycemia primes PBMNCs for NO, IL-6, and TNF-alpha secretion underin vitroFFA stimulation are associated with the secretion of inflammatory biomarkers in diabetes. A combined therapy targeting signaling pathways activated by hyperglycemia in conjunction with simultaneous control of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia would be suggested for controlling the progress of diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Association of periodontal pocket area with type 2 diabetes and obesity: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002139
Author(s):  
Kohei Takeda ◽  
Koji Mizutani ◽  
Isao Minami ◽  
Daisuke Kido ◽  
Risako Mikami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

IntroductionThe aim was to investigate the relationship of full-mouth inflammatory parameters of periodontal disease with diabetes and obesity.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study conducted diabetes-related examinations and calculated periodontal inflamed and epithelial surface area (PISA and PESA) of 71 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between PISA or PESA and diabetes and obesity parameters.ResultsMedian value of body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, and visceral fat area (VFA) were 25.7 kg/m2, 9.1%, 151 mg/L, and 93.3 cm2, respectively. PISA and PESA were significantly associated with HbA1c after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and full-mouth plaque control level (PISA: coefficient=38.1, 95% CI 8.85 to 67.29, p=0.001; PESA: coefficient=66.89, 95% CI 21.44 to 112.34, p=0.005). PISA was also significantly associated with the highest FPG tertile (>175 mg/dL) after adjusting for confounders (coefficient=167.0, 95% CI 48.60 to 285.4, p=0.006). PISA and PESA were not significantly associated with BMI or VFA.ConclusionPISA was associated with FPG and HbA1c, but not with obesity parameters, independent from confounders such as full-mouth plaque control level in patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Clinical and metabolic factors associated with chronic low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim V. Klimontov ◽  
Nadezda V. Tyan ◽  
Olga N. Fazullina ◽  
Natalia E. Myakina ◽  
Alexander P. Lykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Android Fat ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Aim. To identify the clinical and metabolic factors associated with serum concentration of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Material and methods. The study involved 210 patients with type 2 diabetes. Levels of hsCRP and α1-AGP were measured using ELISA and compared with those of the control (30 healthy normal individuals). Levels of acute-phase proteins, fat mass and glucose variability (GV) were compared among demographic, anthropometric, biochemical and haematological parameters. The fat mass was determined with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). GV parameters including mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions, continuous overlapping net glycaemic action (CONGA), J-index, M-value and mean absolute glucose change (MAG) were derived from continuous glucose monitoring.Results. Levels of hsCRP and α1-AGP significantly increased (p 0.0001) in patients with diabetes compared with controls. hsCRP level positively correlated with total, truncal and android fat (r = 0.34, r = 0.28 and r = 0.31; respectively, p 0.00004). α1-AGP level showed no relationship with fat mass but positively correlated with mean glucose, CONGA, M-value and MAG (r = 0.38, r = 0.36, r = 0.43 and r = 0.4; respectively, p 0.0001). Patients with the highest hsCRP levels (75 percentile) had a greater body mass index (p = 0.00009) as well as truncal and android fat mass (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively) than those with the lowest levels (25 percentile). High level of α1-AGP (75 percentile) was associated with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (p = 0.01) and GV indices (M-value: p = 0.02, MAG: p = 0.04).Conclusions. Levels of acute-phase proteins (hsCRP and α1-AGP) increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Levels of hsCRP were associated with fat mass; meanwhile, α1-AGP levels were associated with short-time GV in these patients. The results lend support to the notion that both obesity and enhanced GV are involved in the development of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Soluble transferrin receptor levels in obese and non obese adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Zul Febrianti ◽  
Fadil Oenzil ◽  
Firman Arbi ◽  
Gustina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Mean

Background Iron deficiency in children and adolescents maybe dueto an inadequate supply of iron as well as increased iron requirementsfor growth and developmental processes. The incr easing prevalence ofobesity puts children at risk of iron deficiency. Studies on the effectsof obesity on iron deficiency have focused on low grade systemicinflammation as well as examining soluble transferrin receptor levels(sTfR) as an indicator ofiron deficiency.Objective To compare sT fR levels in obese and non-obeseadolescents, assess for correlations between BMI, sTfR and obesity,and determine the risk of iron deficiency in obese adolescents .Method T his cross sectional study was conducted on 20 obeseand 20 non-obese adolescents aged 15-17 in East Aceh District,from September to December 20 11. Subject were chosen throughcluster sampling. The obese subjects had BMI > 95th percentileand the non-obese subjects had BMI s:851h percentile based onthe 2000 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Exclusioncriteria were blood disorders, chronic diseases, and a history ofbleeding. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and T test witha significance level of P < 0.05, and Pearson's correlation.Results The mean s TfR levels in obese adolescents was higher thanin non-obese adolescents, [2.59 (SD 0.76) vs 2.14 (SD 0.45) μg/mL(P = 0.030)]. Iron deficiency (sTfR> 2.5 μgimL) was more commonin obese than in non-obese adolescents [ (55% vs . 15%, respectively,(P = 0.019) ]. Analysis of the relationship between obesity accordingto BMI andsTfRrevealedan OR of 6.93; 95% CI 1.53 to3 1.38. Ther elationship between the BMI and sTfR levels indicated a positive,moderate strength of association (r = 0.392) .Conclusion The mean sT fR levels in obese adolescents is significantlyhigher than in non-obese individuals. Obese adolescentshave a 6.93 times higher risk of iron deficiency than non-obeseadolescents. Body mass index has a positive and moderate associationwith sTfR.

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