scholarly journals The Prediction of ADL and IADL Disability Using Six Physical Indicators of Frailty: A Longitudinal Study in the Netherlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbert J. J. Gobbens ◽  
Marcel A. L. M. van Assen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Activity Restriction ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Iadl Disability

Frailty is a predictor of disability. A proper understanding of the contribution of individual indicators of frailty in the prediction of disability is a requisite for preventive interventions. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive power of the individual physical frailty indicators: gait speed, physical activity, hand grip strength, Body Mass Index (BMI), fatigue, and balance, for ADL and IADL disability. The sample consisted of 505 community-dwelling persons (≥75 years, response rate 35.1%). Respondents first participated between November 2007 and June 2008, and a subset of all respondents participated again one year later (N=264, 52.3% response rate). ADL and IADL disability were assessed by the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. BMI was assessed by self-report, and the other physical frailty indicators were assessed with the TUG test (gait speed), the LAPAQ (physical activity), a hand grip strength test, the SFQ (fatigue), and the Four-test balance scale. All six physical frailty indicators were associated with ADL and IADL disability. After controlling for previous disability, sociodemographic characteristics, self-perceived lifestyle, and chronic diseases, only gait speed was predictive of both ADL and IADL disability, whereas there was a small effect of fatigue on IADL disability. Hence, these physical frailty indicators should be included in frailty assessment when predicting future disability.

scholarly journals Physical activity in the classroom to prevent childhood obesity: a pilot study in Santiago, Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Mardones ◽  
Pilar Arnaiz ◽  
Johana Soto-Sánchez ◽  
Juana Saavedra ◽  
Angélica Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Waist Circumference ◽  
Hand Grip

AbstractThis paper describes a 4-month pilot study that tested the suitability of a physical activity intervention for first graders (children aged 6 and 7 years) in a public school in Santiago, Chile. Teachers were trained to deliver the programme in the classroom during the school day. Teachers were surveyed to determine if this intervention fit within their curriculum and classroom routines and they reported in a focus group that it was suitable for them. All children actively participated in the programme and positive changes in their attitudes towards physical activity were observed by their teachers. Anthropometrics, blood pressure and hand grip strength were measured in the students. A significant reduction was observed in children with high waist circumference ≥ 90th percentile, and in mean systolic blood pressure. However, statistical power values for those comparisons were rather low. Anthropometry and hand grip strength were not modified. The latter calculations and the lack of a control group are showing the weaknesses of this pilot study and that further research with a larger sample size and an experimental design is strongly needed.

CHANGES OF BODY COMPOSITION, MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE DUE TO RESISTANCE TRAINING IN OLDER PERSONS WITH SARCOPENIC OBESITY

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
K. STOEVER ◽  
A. HEBER ◽  
S. EICHBERG ◽  
W. ZIJLSTRA ◽  
K. BRIXIUS
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Hand Grip

Background: At present, it is unclear whether older, obese persons with or without sarcopenia respond differently to training. Furthermore, there are no differentiated recommendations for resistance training for this special target group. Objectives: The objectives are to investigate the changes in the physical parameters of older, obese men caused by training and to reappraise the modalities of resistance training for older persons. Design: Pre-test-post-test design. Participants: The participants were 33 physically inactive and obese older men (≥ 65 years, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), with-out severe diseases. Subjects were divided into two groups: NSAR (no or presarcopenia, n= 15) or SAR (sarcopenia, n= 18). Intervention: The intervention consisted of progressive resistance training, twice a week for 16 weeks with finally 80-85% of maximum strength and three sets with 8-12 repetitions. The training contained six exercises for the major muscle groups. Measurements: Sarcopenia was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), hand-grip strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and gait speed over a 6-meter walkway. Furthermore, the maximum dynamic strength (1 RM) was assessed. Results: At baseline, the NSAR group had significantly better values in SMI, SPPB score, hand-grip strength, and 1 RM. After training, the results in both groups displayed an increase in 1 RM at the lower limbs (NSAR 18%, SAR 38%) and the upper limbs (NSAR 12%, SAR 14%). Also, the SPPB score (NSAR 11%, SAR 15%) and the 6-m-gait speed (NSAR 5%, SAR 10%) increased. The SAR group was able to increase their right hand-grip strength by 12%, whereas the NSAR group maintained their initial high strength values. SMI did not change in both groups. Conclusions: Both groups show improvements after resistance training with slightly more benefits for men with sarcopenia. Results of this study can be used to define specific training regimens for N(SAR) subjects.

scholarly journals The Influence of Upper and Lower Extremity Strength on Performance-Based Sarcopenia Assessment Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Harris-Love ◽  
Kimberly Benson ◽  
Erin Leasure ◽  
Bernadette Adams ◽  
Valerie McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength

The optimal management of sarcopenia requires appropriate endpoint measures to determine intervention efficacy. While hand grip strength is a predictor of morbidity and mortality, lower extremity strength may be better associated with functional activities in comparison to hand grip strength. The purpose of our study was to examine the comparative association of upper and lower extremity strength with common measures of physical performance in older adults. Thirty community-dwelling men, aged 62.5 ± 9.2 years, completed body composition analysis, quantitative strength testing, and performance-based tests of functional status. Hand grip force values were not significantly associated with knee extensor or flexor torque values (p > 0.05). Hand grip force was only associated with fast gait speed, while knee extensor torque at 60°/s was the only variable significantly associated across all functional outcome measures: customary gait speed, fast gait speed, sit to stand time, and the Physical Performance Test (p < 0.02). Hand grip strength was not a proxy measure of lower extremity strength as assessed in this study. Overall, lower extremity muscle strength values had the strongest associations with participant functional performance. Lower extremity strength testing may provide additional value as an endpoint measure in the assessment and clinical management of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Combined Chair-Based Exercises Improve Functional Fitness, Mental Well-Being, Salivary Steroid Balance, and Anti-microbial Activity in Pre-frail Older Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado ◽  
Rubens Vinícius Letieri ◽  
Adriana Silva-Caldo ◽  
Joice C. S. Trombeta ◽  
Clara Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Mental Well Being

IntroductionRegular exercise has long been shown to positively impact the immune system responsiveness and improve mental well-being (MWB). However, the putative links between biomarkers of mental health and immune efficiency in exercising subjects have been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a 14-week combined chair-based exercise program (CEP) on salivary steroid hormones and anti-microbial proteins, functional fitness, and MWB indexes in pre-frail older women.MethodsThe participant women (82.8 4.6 years old; n = 32) were randomly divided into the exercising group (CEP, n = 17) and the non-exercising control group (CG, n = 15). The pre/post assessment included: (1) salivary anti-microbial proteins lysozyme; (Lys) and immunoglobulin-A (IgA); (2) salivary steroid hormones of testosterone (TT) and cortisol (COR); (3) functional fitness (gait speed, hand grip strength, and static balance); (4) MWB questionnaires (happiness, depression state, satisfaction with life, and stress).ResultsSignificant differences with large Cohen’s (d) effect sizes were found on increased salivary TT (p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.60) after exercise intervention. The results revealed a decrease in IgA levels after CEP (p &lt; 0.01, d = 0.30). The increase in subjective happiness levels (p &lt; 0.05, d = 0.30) and decrease of stress perception (p &lt; 0.01, d = 2.60) and depressive state (p &lt; 0.05, d = 0.30) were found after intervention in the CEP group. Robust statistical differences in gait speed (p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.60) and balance tests (p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.80) were also found in the CEP group. In control, COR increased moderately (p &lt; 0.05; d = 0.65) while no changes were found for the other indicators. Correlation analyses showed inter-dependence between pre–post variations of MWB, biochemical indexes, and fitness function (e.g., COR inverse correlation with hand grip strength and balance tests).ConclusionThe CEP program was able to improve functional-fitness performance, decrease feelings of stress, and increase happiness. The CEP also induced clinically relevant hormonal and immune responses, which suggests that chair exercises that combine muscular strength, balance, and gait speed training are promising interventions to improve physical and mental health of older pre-frail adults.

scholarly journals Influence of low, medium and high BMI on hand grip strength among community dwelling elderly population

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Bhakti Gorhe ◽  
Dr. Shyam Ganvir(PT)
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
High Bmi

ABSTRACT: - Aim of the study is to find out the influence of low, medium and high body mass index on hand grip strength among community dwelling elderly population. Methodology: - This was an observational cross-sectional study performed on 30 community dwelling elderly population with age groups 60 and above 60. Out of total 30 participants 8 were having low BMI, 9 were having medium BMI and 13 were having high BMI. BMI was calculated by taking weight (in kg) by using weighing machine and height in (meters). Hand grip strength was measured by using hand held (JAMER) dynamometer. Result: - Data has summarized by using descriptive statistic of mean and standard deviation. Then Pearson correlation test was used to measure relation between hand grip strength and BMI.ANOVA technique was used for multiple group comparison by using graph pad software. By using Pearson corelation we got the result that there is positive corelation between High BMI with HGS and negative corelation between HGS with low and medium BMI. By using one-way ANOVA test we got (p value>0.05) which is non-significant. One way ANOVA shows comparison of hand grip strength of low, medium and high BMI and it is like H>M>L for both dominant and non-dominant. CONCLUSION: - Our study concludes from the above result that there is corelation between Hand grip strength and body mass index.

Associations of Body Composition and Physical Activity with Balance and Walking Ability in the Elderly

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Hassinen ◽  
Pirjo Komulainen ◽  
Timo A. Lakka ◽  
Sari B. Väisänen ◽  
Rainer Rauramaa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Hand Grip

Background:The epidemic of sedentary lifestyle and obesity increases the risk of disability with aging. We studied the relationships of body composition, physical activity, and muscular fitness with balance and walking ability.Methods:Men and women, age 70 to 74 y (n = 146), were randomly selected from the Finnish population register. Body composition [body weight, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference], physical activity (questionnaire), muscular fitness (hand-grip strength), balance (commonly used field tests), and walking ability (20 m walking test) were assessed.Results:BMI (r = –0.287, P < 0.001), waist circumference (r = –0.260, P = 0.002), physical activity (r = 0.206, P = 0.013), and hand-grip strength (r = 0.244, P = 0.003) correlated with balance. BMI (r = 0.330, P < 0.001), waist circumference (r = 0.237, P = 0.004), physical activity (r = –0.252, P = 0.002), and hand-grip strength (r = –0.307, P < 0.001) also correlated with walking time.Conclusions:Overweight and central obesity as well as low muscular fitness associate with impaired balance and walking ability in the elderly.

scholarly journals REDUCED HAND GRIP STRENGTH IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Paula BRUCH ◽  
Mário Reis ÁLVARES-DA-SILVA ◽  
Bruna Cherubini ALVES ◽  
Valesca DALL'ALBA
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Hand Grip

ABSTRACT Background Hepatitis C is a liver disease that causes significant changes in metabolism, and also has an impact on nutritional status. Objective To evaluate the nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated 58 patients with chronic hepatitis C, non-cirrhotic and were not under active pharmacological treatment. Patients with significant alcohol consumption (greater than 10 g ethanol/day) were excluded. Patients underwent nutritional assessment through anthropometric measurements and functional assessment using hand grip strength by dynamometry. The physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Patients also underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation. Cardiovascular risk was calculated by the Framingham score. Results The mean age of patients was 51.6±9.7 years, 55.2% were female, and 79.3% had genotype 1. The most prevalent degree of fibrosis was F1 (37.9%) followed by F2 (27.6%) and F3 (1.7%). The prevalence of overweight/obesity considering the body mass index was 70.7%. However, 57.7% of men and 68.8% of women were considered malnourished according to hand grip strength. These patients also had waist circumference (93.5±10.7 cm) and neck circumference (37.0±3.6 cm) high. Almost 60% of patients were considered sedentary or irregularly active. In relation to cardiovascular risk, 50% of patients had high risk of suffering a cardiovascular event within 10 years. Conclusion Although most patients with hepatitis C presented overweight, associated with high cardiovascular risk, they also have reduced functional capacity, indicative of protein-caloric commitment. Therefore, body mass index can not be considered the only method of assessment for nutritional diagnosis of patients with liver disease. Adopting methods such as hand grip strength can be important for a better understanding of nutritional status of these patients.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Ground Reaction Force Asymmetric Index at Seat-Off as a Measure of Lower Limb Functional Muscle Strength: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6527
Author(s):  
Ae-Ryoung Kim ◽  
Dougho Park ◽  
Yang-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Hand Grip Strength ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
The Right

This study examined the reliability of the newly developed ground reaction force asymmetry index (GRF AI) at seat-off using a low-cost force plate and the validity of this new test by comparing it with other muscle strength-measuring methods and walking speed. This study was a cross-sectional design in general hospital setting. A convenience sample of 47 community-dwelling adults aged ≥40 years was performed. GRF AI is the measurement value obtained by shifting the weight to the right and left while performing sit-to-stand (STS). GRF AI assessed using GRF data at seat-off during an STS test with maximal weight shift to the right and left side and repeated 4 weeks later. Hip and knee extensor strength were measured using hand-held dynamometry; hand grip strength and walking speed were measured using a standardized method. Intrasessional intrarater reliability of the right and left side at Sessions 1 and 2 were high (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] = 0.947 and 0.974; 0.931 and 0.970, respectively). In addition, the intersessional intrarater reliability of a single test trial (ICC = 0.911 and 0.930) and the mean of three test trials (ICC = 0.965 and 0.979) was also high. There was a low correlation between right-side GRF AI and right hand grip strength (r = 0.268) and between left-side GRF AI and left hand grip strength (r = 0.316). No significant correlations were found between the GRF AI and other parameters. Although the reliability of the GRF AI was high, the validity was poor. To be clinically useful, this test should be further refined by modifying the test protocol.

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