scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre) Leaves on Tumour Promotion in Two-Stage Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Yasukawa ◽  
Sakiko Okuda ◽  
Yasuhito Nobushi
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Tumour Promotion ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Ethanol extracts of gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre) leaves exhibited marked antitumour-promoting activity in anin vivotwo-stage carcinogenesis test in mice using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene as an initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoter. From the active fraction of the ethanol extract of the gymnema leaves, three triterpenoids were isolated and identified. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on TPA-induced inflammation (1 µg/ear) in mice. The tested compounds showed marked anti-inflammatory effects, with a 50% inhibitory dose of 50–555 nmol/ear.

Cancer-chemopreventive effects of natural sweeteners and related compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Konoshima ◽  
Midori Takasaki
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Chemical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Skin Carcinogenesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Vitro Assay

To search for possible cancer-chemopreventive agents from natural resources, several natural sweeteners were screened by the in vitro assay indicated by the inhibitory effects of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) induction. Of active compounds that showed the remarkable inhibitory effects on the EBV-EA induction, stevioside, from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana, and mogroside V, from the fruits of Momordica grosvenori, exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis in vivo induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The inhibitory effect of stevioside is stronger than that of glycyrrhizin, which had been known as an antitumor-promoter in chemical carcinogenesis. Furthermore, stevioside also inhibited mouse skin carcinogenesis initiated by peroxynitrite. These results suggest that stevioside and mogroside V might be valuable as chemopreventive agents for chemical carcinogenesis.

In vivo inhibitory effects of arjunolic acid derivatives on two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Diallo ◽  
R. Vanhaelen-Fastré ◽  
M. Vanhaelen ◽  
T. Konoshima ◽  
M. Takasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Arjunolic Acid

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Dudi Runadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

Inhibition of Aflatoxin-Producing Fungi by Welsh Onion Extracts

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. FAN ◽  
J. H. CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Yeast Extract Sucrose

Welsh onion ethanol extracts were tested for their inhibitory activity against the growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The survival of spores of A. flavus and A. parasiticus depended on both the extract concentration and the exposure time of the spores to the Welsh onion extracts. The mycelial growth of two tested fungi cultured on yeast extract–sucrose broth was completely inhibited in the presence of the Welsh onion ethanol extract at a concentration of 10 mg/ml during 30 days of incubation at 25°C. The extracts added to the cultures also inhibited aflatoxin production at a concentration of 10 mg/ml or permitted only a small amount of aflatoxin production with extract concentration of 5 mg/ml after 2 weeks of incubation. Welsh onion ethanol extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects against the two tested aflatoxin-producing fungi than did the same added levels of the preservatives sorbate and propionate at pH values near 6.5.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Extraction Conditions and Biological Evaluation of Dendropanax morbifera H. Lev as an Anti-Hyperuricemic Source

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Sik Cho ◽  
Seung-Hui Song ◽  
Chul-Yung Choi ◽  
Kyung Park ◽  
Jung-Hyun Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Dendropanax Morbifera ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Dendropanax morbifera H. Levis a medicinal plant native to South Korea, East Asia, and South America. Among some 75 species, one species grows in Korea. In previous studies, D. morbifera extracts with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-complementary and anti-cancer activities were reported. The present study aims to investigate optimization of extraction and evaluation of anti-hyperuricemic effects of D. morbifera leaf and the phytochemicals contained therein. Ethanol and hexane extract were found to display the best xanthine oxidase inhibition among six types of solvent and water extract. The antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract was superior to that of the hexane extract. The DPPH radical scavenging effect of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 81.52 ± 1.57% and 2.69 ± 0.16. The reducing power of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 9.71 ± 0.15 and 0.89 ± 0.01 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. Total phenols of the ethanol and hexane extracts were 6.53 ± 0.16 and 0.63 ± 0.001 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. In addition, we compared the two marker compounds from D. morbifera, chlorogenic acid and rutin, which were determined in the ethanol extract at 0.80 ± 0.03% and 0.52 ± 0.01%, respectively. We found that the ethanol extracts showed better xanthine oxidase inhibition than hexane extracts. Especially, ethanol extracts showed higher antioxidant activity than hexane extracts. Based on these results, we selected the ethanol extract as an effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor and confirmed whether ethanol extracts showed xanthine oxidase inhibition in animal experiments. The in vivo mouse study demonstrated that ethanol extract of D. morbifera leaf at the dose of 300 mg/kg could inhibit blood/hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and this result shows that the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in vitro is reproduced in vivo. The present study showed that ethanol extract was optimal xanthine oxidase inhibitor which can be applied to prevent diseases related to hyperuricemia.

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