scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Indicators in Patients with Prostate Disorders in Enugu, South-East Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romanda Duru ◽  
Obioma Njoku ◽  
Ignatius Maduka
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Cellular Antioxidants ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

Depletion of cellular antioxidants can result from free radical formation due to normal endogenous reactions and the ingestion of exogenous substances and environmental factors. The levels of reactive oxygen species-(ROS-) scavenging enzymes such as SOD and glutathione peroxidase have been shown to be significantly altered in malignant cells and in primary cancer tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant status of patients with prostate disorders in South-East Nigeria to ascertain the possible role of depletion of antioxidants in prostatic degeneration. 104 subjects made up of 40 PCa patients, 32 with BPH, and 32 controls participated in this study. The levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and vitamin E were estimated using standard procedures. The results show that both the BPH and PCa patients had a significant decrease (P<0.05) in GPX, SOD, vitamin C, and vitamin E levels compared to the control subjects. However, there was also a significant decrease (P<0.05) in SOD and vitamin C levels in PCa patients when compared with the BPH group. This indicates that patients with BPH and prostate cancer have decreased antioxidant status and may benefit from micronutrient supplementation.

Estrogen administration, postexercise tissue oxidative stress and vitamin C status in male rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 952-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Tiidus ◽  
Eric Bombardier ◽  
Nick Hidiroglou ◽  
Rene Madere
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glutathione Status ◽  
Estrogen Administration ◽  
Tissue Vitamin

Estrogen can putatively act as an antioxidant and protect tissues from exercise-induced oxidative stress. To test the in vivo efficacy of estrogen, the effects of 2 weeks of daily estrogen (40 µg·kg-1 body weight beta-estradiol 3-benzoate) injection on indices of immediate postexercise oxidative stress and antioxidant status were determined in adult male rats, with and without 8 weeks of prior dietary vitamin E deprivation. The treadmill running protocol (60 min at 21 m·min-1, 12% grade) induced significant oxidative stress as indicated by muscle glutathione status. Estrogen administration had little effect on postexercise tissue glutathione status, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, and vitamin E levels. Estrogen administration induced significant reductions in muscle, liver, and heart vitamin C concentrations following exercise, as well as in unexercised male rats. Tissue vitamin C loss was not directly mediated through liver glycogen or glutathione status. Thus, estrogen administration generally did not appear to influence postexercise tissue indices of oxidative stress or antioxidant status and may have contributed to a decline in overall antioxidant protection by inducing losses in tissue vitamin C content.Key words: glutathione, vitamin E, muscle, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase.

Vitamin E and Cardiovascular Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (05) ◽  
pp. 758-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Marchioli
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
First Line ◽  
Ldl Particles

SummaryInterest in the use of antioxidants for the treatment of human disease, and in the role of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of disease development, has been sustained for at least two decades. Several anti-oxidant protective mechanisms exist and constitute a primary defensive system including enzymatic defences (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, which depend on the presence of ions such as selenium, zinc, copper, and manganese) and naturally occurring vita-mins such as vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. The most important natural antioxidants are vitamin E (in the form of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols), beta-carotene, vitamin C and selenium (fundamental constituent of glutathione-peroxidase, i.e., an enzyme with antioxidant function). The first two are lipophilic substances whilst ascorbic acid is hydrophilic. Each antioxidant has a different important mechanism of action since oxidative damage can be caused by lipid- or water-soluble molecules. Lipid-soluble antioxidants are likely to be very important in preventing the peroxidation of low-density lipo-proteins (LDL) and this action could be paramount in the prevention of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, water-soluble antioxidants could be useful where a water-soluble oxidative stress occurs (e.g., inflammation). As lipophilic molecules, vitamin E and beta-carotene are incorporated into the LDL particle. Vitamin E is the main lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant in plasma and tissues and converts the peroxyl-free radical to hydroperoxide, a less reactive radical. It acts as a first-line anti-oxidative defence of LDL particles, protecting unsatu-rated fatty acids from peroxidation. Beta-carotene is a carotenoid (precursor of vitamin A, pro-vitamin) that acts as scavenger of oxidising radicals such as singlet oxygen and is a second-line antioxidative defence of LDL cholesterol. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) can react with singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and is the first line of antioxi-dative defence in water-soluble compartments. In addition, it plays an important role in regenerating reduced -tocopherol.

Prevention of Neutrophil Protein Oxidation With Vitamins C and E Diet Supplementation Without Affecting the Adaptive Response to Exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Sureda ◽  
Miguel D. Ferrer ◽  
Antonia Mestre ◽  
Josep A. Tur ◽  
Antoni Pons
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Peroxidase Gene ◽  
Diet Supplementation

The authors studied the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation with an almond-based beverage on neutrophil antioxidants, nitrite, and protein oxidative alterations after exercise. Fourteen trained male amateur runners were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive antioxidant supplementation (152 mg/d vitamin C and 50 mg/d vitamin E) or placebo using an almond-based beverage for 1 mo and participated in a half-marathon race. Blood samples were taken before and after the half-marathon and after 3 hr recovery. Supplementation significantly increased basal neutrophil vitamin C compared with placebo (p < .05). Exercise increased neutrophil vitamin E levels in the supplemented group and decreased vitamin C in both groups after recovery (p < .05). Neutrophil catalase and glutathione peroxidase gene expression and nitrite levels were significantly increased as result of exercise (p < .05). Nitrotyrosine and protein carbonyl derivates increased only in the placebo group after exercise (p < .05), and these values remained high at recovery. No significant differences were evidenced in caspase-3 activity and DNA damage. Antioxidant supplementation with vitamins C and E reduced the exercise-induced oxidation of proteins in neutrophils, without altering the antioxidant adaptive response, as evidenced by the increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase gene expression.

scholarly journals Antioxidant status and risk of cancer in the SU.VI.MAX study: is the effect of supplementation dependent on baseline levels?

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Galan ◽  
Serge Briançon ◽  
Alain Favier ◽  
Sandrine Bertrais ◽  
Paul Preziosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

The SUpplementation en VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants (SU.VI.MAX) study, a randomised double-blind, primary-prevention trial showed that after 7·5 years, low-dose antioxidant supplementation lowered the total cancer incidence in men, but not in women. To explain this difference in the impact of antioxidant supplementation in men and women, we hypothesised that the effect of supplementation is dependent on initial antioxidant status; 12 741 French adults (7713 females aged 35–60 years; 5028 males aged 45–60 years) received daily antioxidant supplementation (120 mg vitamin C, 30 mg vitamin E, 6 mg β-carotene, 100 μg Se, 20 mg Zn daily) or a matching placebo. Cut-off limits for baseline serum concentrations of the different antioxidant vitamins and minerals were defined as follows for both men and women: 0·3 μmol/l for β-carotene, 11·4 μmol/l for vitamin C, 15 μmol/l for vitamin E, 0·75 μmol/l for Se and 10·7 μmol/l for Zn. The percentage of men with serum concentrations under cut-off limits was higher for vitamins C and E and β-carotene in those who developed a cancer than in those who did not. The risk of cancer was higher in men with baseline concentrations of serum vitamin C or vitamin E under cut-off limits, but not in women. The effect of supplementation was greater in men with baseline serum concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene below the cut-off limits compared with those above it. This effect was maintained only for vitamin E after adjustment for age, tobacco, and alcohol consumption and BMI. No effect of supplementation could be seen in women. Baseline antioxidant status is related to the risk of cancer in men but not in women and therefore does not entirely explain the differences observed in the effect of antioxidant supplementation on cancer risk between sexes in the SU.VI.MAX study.

scholarly journals Вплив препаратів з антиоксидантними властивостями на стан антиоксидантної системи сперматозоїдів при екскреторнo-токсичній формі неплідності чоловіків

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.K. Onufrovych ◽  
D.Z. Vorobets ◽  
Z.D. Vorobets
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Glutathione Antioxidant System ◽  
Male Sex

Since the development of many disorders of the reproductive function in men involves processes of free radical oxidation, the purpose of this study was to form an evaluation of the pro- and antioxidant status of sperm and to restore its biological usefulness in men with excretory-toxic forms of infertility by using drugs with antioxidant properties. It is shown that excretory-toxic forms of infertility in men are mostly caused by such infectious agents as Chlamydia (22%), Chlamydia + Ureaplasma (16%), Chlamydia + Trichomonas (13%), Ureaplasma (10%). This reduces the total number of sperm in the ejaculate by 2.7 times, and motility by 1.8 times. The number of abnormal forms increases by 1.75 times. With the development of chronic inflammation of the male sex organs sperm lipid peroxidation increases by 1.3 times while the activity of glutathione peroxidase decreases (by 2.3 times) and that of glutathione reductase (by 1.7 times). We observed a close correlation between the low biological quality of sperm (low concentration, low number and motility of sperm in the ejaculate) with activation of lipid peroxidation and inhibition of activity of the glutathione antioxidant system. In the case of superoxide dismutase, the negative impact of reactive oxygen species on this enzyme was not observed. A course of drugs with antioxidant properties – vitamin E, vitamin C and zinc sulfate leads to improvement in the indicators on the spermagram (mostly sperm mobility and morphology), to reduction of the number of peroxide compounds and activation of the glutathione antioxidant system. In this case, the activity of glutathione peroxidase is increased by 1.5 times and the activity of glutathione reductase by 1.3 times. The activity of superoxide dismutase at the same time approaches the norm for zoospermia. The data obtained show that one of the pathogenic factors of the chronic inflammation of male sex organs, considered as a main developmental reason for infertility in its excretory-toxic form, is the increase in activity of the peroxide oxygen lipids of the sperm membrane and decompensation of the enzyme activity of the glutathione antioxidant system. Our data indicate that the use as medicines of vitamin E, vitamin C and zinc sulfate combined with antibiotic therapy would be highly effective in the treatment of male infertility.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin C or vitamin E supplementation on basal and H2O2-induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Brennan ◽  
Gerard M. Morris ◽  
Gillian R. Wasson ◽  
Bernadette M. Hannigan ◽  
Yvonne A. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Before And After

There is a wealth of epidemiological information on antioxidants and their possible prevention of disease progression but very little of the research on antioxidants has involved intervention studies. In this study, the potential protective effect of vitamin C or E supplementation in vivo against endogenous and H2O2-induced DNA damage levels in lymphocytes was assessed. The supplementation involved fourteen healthy male and female non-smokers mean age 25·53 (SD 1·82) years, who were asked to supplement an otherwise unchanged diet with 1000 mg vitamin C daily for 42 d or 800 mg vitamin E daily for 42 d. DNA damage in H2O2-treated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and untreated PBL before and after supplementation, and during a 6-week washout period was assessed using an ELISA. At each sampling time-point, the red cell concentrate activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were also determined. Supplementation with vitamin C or vitamin E decreased significantly H2O2-induced DNA damage in PBL, but had no effect on endogenous levels of DNA damage. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were suppressed during the supplementation period. These supplementation regimens may be used to limit the possible adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (including those produced during the course of an immune response) on lymphocytes in vivo, and so help to maintain their functional capacity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of plasma trace elements and oxidant/antioxidant status in Boerboel dogs with hip dysplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247
Author(s):  
R. A. Ajadi ◽  
J. L. Sanni ◽  
E. F. Sobayo ◽  
O. K. Ijaopo
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Canine Hip Dysplasia

Changes in plasma concentrations of trace elements and oxidants/antioxidants were evaluated in twenty healthy Boerboels of both sexes and median age of 2 years. Antero-posterior and flexed lateral radiographs of the hip were obtained using digital x-ray machine and hip grading was done according to Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) system. Blood was collected from the cephalic vein for determination of plasma concentrations of manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and Vitamin E. Correlation between the parameters was done using Pearson’s correlation. Eleven (11/20) of the Boerboel dogs had hip dysplasia (HD), comprising five (5/9) males and six (6/11) females. Plasma Mn, Cu and Co were insignificantly higher in Boerboels with normal hips than those with HD. MDA concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lower in Boerboels with normal hips (0.75 ± 0.84 µmol/L) than in dogs with HD (1.77 ± 0.78 µmol/L), while SOD was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Boerboels with normal hips (0.65 ± 0.22 U/ml) than with HD (0.32 ± 0.16 U/ml). It was concluded that there were differences in plasma oxidants/antioxidants between Boerboel dogs with normal hips and those with hip dysplasia suggesting their role in the pathogenesis of canine hip dysplasia

scholarly journals Vitamin C Enhances Vitamin E Status and Reduces Oxidative Stress Indicators in Sea Bass Larvae Fed High DHA Microdiets

Lipids ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1193-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica B. Betancor ◽  
Mª. José Caballero ◽  
Genciana Terova ◽  
Samuela Corà ◽  
Reda Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Sea Bass Larvae ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators ◽  
Vitamin E Status
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