scholarly journals Chicken Collagen from Law Market Value By-Products as an Alternate Source

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumudini A. Munasinghe ◽  
Jurgen G. Schwarz ◽  
Anthony K. Nyame
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
One Step ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
By Products ◽  
Potential Use

There has been much interest in investigating possible means of making collagen from underutilized chicken by-products and it will lead to an alternate source of collagen for use in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biomedical materials, and the food industry. The objective of this research was to find methods to extract collagen from chicken skins and bones to compare the corresponding yield differences and analyze their properties. Collagen extracted by acetic acid, citric acid, alkali, one-step acetic acid and pepsin, and two-step acetic acid and pepsin extraction procedures was compared. Complete randomized design, Student’s t-test, and Tukey’s test were used to analyze the samples (P<0.05). The recovered dry weights for the skin extractions were 6.1, 6.2, 5, 38.7, and 40.4% and those of bone extractions were 4.4, 4.1, 4.1, 19.1, and 20.6%, respectively. Protein, fat, and inorganic material contents of collagen preparations for skin were 62.7%, 1.5%, and 0.7% and for bone were 30.4%, 1.4%, and 0.7%, respectively. This study indicates that chicken by-products have high potential use as an alternate source of collagen.Corrigendum to “Chicken Collagen from Law Market Value By-Products as an Alternate Source”

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of a Coffee Industry By-Product in a Cereal-Based Extruded Food Product

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1008
Author(s):  
Elisa A. Beltrán-Medina ◽  
Guadalupe M. Guatemala-Morales ◽  
Eduardo Padilla-Camberos ◽  
Rosa I. Corona-González ◽  
Pedro M. Mondragón-Cortez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Fiber Protein ◽  
Roasting Process ◽  
Extruded Product ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
By Products ◽  
Potential Use

The evaluation of by-products to be added to food products is complex, as the residues must be analyzed to demonstrate their potential use as safe foods, as well as to propose the appropriate process and product for recycling. Since coffee is a very popular beverage worldwide, the coffee industry is responsible for generating large amounts of by-products, which include the coffee silverskin (CS), the only by-product of the roasting process. In this work, its characterization and food safety were evaluated by chemical composition assays, microbiological determinations, aflatoxin measurements and acute toxicity tests. The results showed that CS is safe for use in food, in addition to providing dietary fiber, protein and bioactive compounds. An extruded cereal-based ready-to-eat food product was developed through an extreme vertices mixture design, producing an extruded food product being a source of protein and with a high fiber content. Up to 15% of CS was incorporated in the extruded product. This work contributes to the establishment of routes for the valorization of CS; nevertheless, further research is necessary to demonstrate the sustainability of this food industry by-product.

scholarly journals Effect of acetic and citric acid solvent combination with cinnamon oil on quality of edible packaging from chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 919 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
J E Tambunan ◽  
A Chamidah
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Edible Packaging ◽  
Cinnamon Essential Oil ◽  
By Products

Abstract Chitosan is one of the fishery by-products, which is extracted from shrimp and crab carapace. Chitosan can be processed into edible packaging. The nature of chitosan edible packaging is depended on the type of solvent used while extraction. Acetic acid produces a strong coating with good barrier properties but less elastic, while citric acid produces an elastic layer but has relatively low barrier properties and weak coating. Cinnamon essential oil can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aimed to obtain the best proportion combination of acetic and citric acid solvents which can improve mechanical properties and permeability of the edible packaging, also determine the effect of cinnamon essential oil in inhibiting Salmonella and S. aureus bacteria. The experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD), with solvent combination treatment in preliminary research initially followed by chitosan and cinnamon essential oil addition in the subsequent research. Data showed that the best edible packaging properties were obtained from a combination of acetic and citric acid (2:2) with 30.67 MPa tensile strength, 65.35% elongation, 0.0422 mm thickness, and moisture permeability 3.02x10−10 g.m.m−2.s−1.pa−1. The concentration of 1.5 g of chitosan with 1.5% cinnamon essential oil can produce an antibacterial with 10.15 mm inhibition zone diameter in Salmonella sp. and 9.53 mm in Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals Extraction of red grape pomace antioxidants with aqueous organic acid solutions using kinetic modelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298
Author(s):  
Dimitris Makris
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Red Grape

Grape pomace is a food industry residual material which may contain a high load of polyphenolic antioxidants and a number of methods have been implemented for their effective recovery. Nevertheless, eco-friendly processes should embrace environmentally benign and non-toxic solvents. On this basis, this study investigated the extraction of antioxidants, by employing aqueous acetic acid and citric solutions and monitoring the reducing power (PR) of the extracts. The scope was to evaluate the effect of acid concentration on the extraction yield using kinetics. The kinetic model established allowed for the credible comparison of the extraction efficiencies, achieved with acetic acid and citric acid solutions of variable concentration. The results suggested that citric acid solutions were more effective in recovering red grape pomace antioxidants. Using a 4% (w/v) citric acid solution, a maximum PR of 229.8 ?M ascorbic acid equivalents per g of dry pomace could be attained. This investigation demonstrated that aqueous media used for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from food industry wastes could be significantly influenced by the acidifying agent and its concentration.

scholarly journals Utilization of Chicken By-Products to Form Collagen Films

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumudini A. Munasinghe ◽  
Jurgen G. Schwarz ◽  
Matthew Whittiker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Texture Analyzer ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Chicken Skin ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
By Products

Chicken collagen casings could be an alternate source of collagen casings that are manufactured for sausages. The overall objective of this project was to extract chicken collagen from by-products of the broiler processing industries and to explore the possibility of making films. Chicken skin was washed, ground, and pretreated to remove the noncollagenous compounds. Collagen was extracted using acetic acid and pepsin. Solubilized collagen was salted-out and centrifuged at 20,000 ×g at 4°C for one hour. The precipitates were dissolved in 0.5 M acetic acid and dialyzed against 0.1 M acetic acid and distilled water before freeze-drying. Molecular weight, collagen solubility at different pH values, and NaCl concentrations were determined. TA-XT2 texture analyzer was used to characterize mechanical properties of collagen films. The highest collagen solubility was obtained at pH 2 and 2% NaCl. Hand-homogenized, nonfiltered, and conditioned samples had the highest hardness (3,262 g) and the least brittleness (30.5 mm). These results demonstrate that chicken collagen extracted from chicken by-products has the ability to form films and could be considered for making casings or be used in various other industries.

scholarly journals PHYTOAVAILABILITY OF COPPER IN INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Prado Cenciani de Souza ◽  
Cleide Aparecida de Abreu ◽  
José Francisco da Cunha ◽  
Geraldo Magela da Costa ◽  
Cristiano Alberto de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
By Products

Alternative copper (Cu) sources could be used in fertilizer production, although the bioavailability of copper in these materials is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extractants neutral ammonium citrate (NAC), 2 % citric acid, 1 % acetic acid, 10 % HCl, 10 % H2SO4, buffer solution pH 6.0, DTPA, EDTA, water, and hot water in the quantification of available Cu content in several sources, relating them to the relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of wheat grown in a clayey Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico (Oxisol) and Neossolo Quartzarênico (Typic Quartzipsamment). Copper was applied at the rate of 1.5 mg kg-1 as scrap slag, brass slag, Cu ore, granulated copper, and copper sulfate. The extractants 10 % HCl, 10 % H2SO4, and NAC extracted higher Cu concentrations. The RAE values of brass slag and Cu ore were similar to or higher than those of Cu sulfate and granulated Cu. Solubility in the 2nd NAC extractant, officially required for mineral fertilizers with Cu, was lower than 60 % for the scrap slag, Cu ore, and granulated copper sources. This fact indicates that adoption of the NAC extractant may be ineffective for industrial by-products, although no extractant was more efficient in predicting Cu availability for wheat fertilized with the Cu sources tested.

Performic acid (PFA): tests on an advanced primary effluent show promising disinfection performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gehr ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
M. Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Stock Solutions ◽  
By Products ◽  
Potential Use

Performic acid, or PFA (CH2O3), is a well-known oxidizing agent and disinfectant in the medical field and food industry. It has recently become available on a commercial scale for potential use in wastewater disinfection. This study investigated its application to an advanced primary effluent which is recalcitrant to disinfection by UV and peracetic acid (PAA). Methods were developed for determining PFA concentrations in stock solutions as well as in residual concentrations in the wastewater. Batch and continuous-flow pilot studies showed a correlation between log fecal coliform removals and PFA doses. A PFA dose of approximately 3.4 mg/L and a contact time of 45 minutes could achieve 3-logs removal, and almost total disinfection could be achieved using a dose of 6 mg/L. The by-products of PFA addition are hydrogen peroxide and formic acid (CHOOH), neither of which is considered to be toxic to aquatic fauna at the doses required for disinfection.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Chicken Collagen from Law Market Value By-Products as an Alternate Source”

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Kumudini A. Munasinghe ◽  
Jurgen G. Schwarz ◽  
Anthony K. Nyame
Keyword(s):  
Market Value ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
By Products

Instant 99mTc Compounds

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Richards ◽  
W. C. Eckelman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Labeled Compounds ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
One Step ◽  
Stannous Ion ◽  
99Mtc Radiopharmaceuticals ◽  
Potential Use

SummaryThe full potential use of technetium has not been achieved despite its ideal physical properties, dosimetry and availability because of the complex preparations required for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals. One of the goals of our work is to develop techniques for the preparation of high-purity 99mTc compounds which can be easily prepared, ideally by adding pertechnetate to a prepared solution.The use of stannous ion as reducing agent for technetium makes it possible to obtain such one-step, high-purity products. All non-radioactive components can be premixed in a single vial before addition of the radioactive pertechnetate. No final pH adjustment, further chemical manipulation or purification is required.Procedures for two instantly labeled compounds have been developed to date: 99mTc DTPA and 99mTc HSA. The 99mTc DTPA is prepared by adding pertechnetate to a previously prepared solution of stannous ion and CaNa3 DTPA which has been stored at pH 4. The 99mTc HSA is prepared by adding pertechnetate to a solution of stannous ion and HSA. The parametric variations and analytical techniques involved in formulating these procedures are described. It appears that development of kits for other biologically interesting compounds may be possible using similar procedures.

Valorisation of by-Products/Waste of Agro-Food Industry by the Pyrolysis Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fino ◽  
◽  
Y.S. Camacho ◽  
S Bensaid ◽  
B. Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
By Products

PENGARUH KOMBINASI INTENSITAS NAUNGAN DENGAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH INDOLE BUTIRIC ACID (IBA), NAPHTHALENE ACETIC ACID (NAA), DAN VITAMIN B1 DALAM AKLIMATISASI PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT GAHARU (Aquilaria beccariana)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daru Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Optimal Formula

The objective of this research is to know the optimal formula of Indole Butiric Acid (IBA), Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Vitamine B1 and the combination with shading intensities to the acclimatization of Gaharu stump (Aquilaria beccariana). This research used Factorial Design with basic analysis of Complete Randomized Design in order to know theeffect of treatment. The research was carried out in Agroindustry and Biotechnology Laboratory, Ciampea, Bogor, from July to September 2007. The results of the research showed that after 8 weeks of treatment: (a). The combination of 55 % shading intensity with IBA 15 mg/l + NAA 10 mg/l + Vitamine B1 1 mg/l was the best formula for increasingheight of Gaharu stump 4.660 cm. (b). The combination of 55 % shading intensity with IBA 15 mg/l + NAA 30 mg/l + Vitamine B1 1 mg/l was the best formula for increasing sum of Gaharu leaf stump 12.337 leafs, (c). The combination of 55 % shading intensity with IBA 15 mg/l + NAA 40 mg/l + Vitamine B1 1 mg/l was the best formula for increasing sumof Gaharu root stump 3.783 roots, and (d). The combination of 55 % shading intensity with IBA 15 mg/l + NAA 40 mg/l + Vitamine B1 1 mg/l was the best formula for increasing length of Gaharu root stump 3.686 cm.

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