scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate, Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride, and Enrofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Acid Dyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman A. Gouda ◽  
Alaa S. Amin ◽  
Ragaa El-Sheikh ◽  
Amira G. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Simple, rapid, and extractive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of some fluoroquinolones antibiotics: gemifloxacin mesylate (GMF), moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MXF), and enrofloxacin (ENF) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between the basic drugs and acid dyes, namely, bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP), bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB), and methyl orange (MO) in acidic buffer solutions. The formed complexes were extracted with chloroform and measured at 420, 408, 416, 415, and 422 nm for BCG, BCP, BPB, BTB, and MO, respectively, for GMF; at 410, 415, 416, and 420 nm for BCP, BTB, BPB, and MO, respectively, for MXF; and at 419 and 414 nm for BCG and BTB, respectively, in case of ENF. The analytical parameters and their effects are investigated. Beer’s law was obeyed in the ranges 1.0–30, 1.0–20, and 2.0–24 μg mL−1for GMF, MXF, and ENF, respectively. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the studied drugs in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference methods showed excellent agreement and indicated no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Using Acidic Triphenylmethane Dyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Susmitha ◽  
M. Thirumalachary ◽  
T. Charan Singh ◽  
G. Venkateshwarlu
Keyword(s):  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Transcriptase Inhibitor ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor that has activity against the hepatitis B and HIV viruses. Three simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods involve formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drugs with triphenylmethane dyes, namely, bromothymol blue (BTB), bromophenol blue (BPB), and bromocresol purple (BCP) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima between 410 and 415 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 1.5–25, 1.0–25, and 1.25–25 μg mL−1 with BTB, BPB, and BCP, respectively. The effectc of concentration of dye, pH, and interference of excipients have been studied and optimized. The limits of detection and quantification have been determined. All three methods are validated as per the guidelines of ICH. The methods have been applied to the determination of drug in commercial tablets and results of analysis were validated statistically through recovery studies.

scholarly journals Validated Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Domperidone in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Jasmin Shah ◽  
M Rasul Jan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Shah
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
New Methods

Simple, precise and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of domperidone in pharmaceutical formulations. The new methods involve the formation of colored extractable ion pair complexes of the drug with bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in acidic medium. The effects of various parameters like pH, reagent concentration and shaking time were studied. The extracted complexes of domperidone showed maximum absorbance at 410 nm with BTB and at 415 nm with BPB dye. The stiochiometry of the reaction between domperidone, BTB and BPB was found to be 1: 4. Domperidone was found to obey Beer’s law in the concentration ranges of 0.6-35 ?g/ml, 1-30 ?g/ml with BTB and BPB, respectively. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of domperidone in commercial tablets and suspension samples. The results obtained by the proposed methods were validated statistically and compared with the official HPLC method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22310 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(1): 25-31, 2014

scholarly journals Simple and Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Ofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Two Sulphonphthalein Acid Dyes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudige N. Prashanth ◽  
Kanakapura Basavaiah ◽  
Madihalli S. Raghu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Conditional Stability ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Conditional Stability Constant

Two new simple and sensitive extraction-free spectrophotometric methods have been established for the determination of ofloxacin (OFX). The methods are based on ion-pair complex formation reaction between OFX and acidic sulphonphthalein dyes, bromocresol purple (method A), and bromocresol green (method B) in dichloromethane. The experimental variables such as reaction medium, reaction time, and reagent concentration have been carefully optimized to achieve the highest sensitivity. Both dyes react spontaneously with OFX to give yellow-colored complexes. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 1.0–16 µg ml−1 OFX with correlation coefficient of 0.999 in both methods. The molar absorptivity values are calculated to be and l mol−1 cm−1, for method A and method B, respectively, with corresponding Sandell's sensitivity values of 0.015 and 0.019 µg cm−2. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are also reported. A Job’s plot of the absorbance versus the molar ratio of OFX to each of dyes under consideration indicated (1 : 1) ratio and the conditional stability constant () of the complexes have been calculated. The proposed methods were applied successfully to the determination of OFX in tablets with good accuracy and precision and without interference from common additives. The results obtained by the proposed methods were compared favorably with those of the reference method.

scholarly journals Indirect spectrophotometric determination of diltiazem hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram El-Didamony
Keyword(s):  
Reference Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Diltiazem Hydrochloride ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Chromotrope 2R ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

AbstractThree simple, accurate, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A, B and C) have been described for the indirect assay of diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL.HCl), either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The first method (A) is based on the oxidation of DIL.HCl by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and determination of unconsumed NBS by measuring the decrease in absorbance of amaranth dye (AM) at a suitable λmax=521 nm. Other methods (B) and (C) involve the addition of excess cerric ammonium sulfate (CAS) and subsequent determination of the unconsumed oxidant by a decrease in the red color of chromotrope 2R (C2R) at a suitable λmax=528 nm or a decrease in the orange-pink color of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) at λmax=525 nm, respectively. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges 3.0–9.0, 3.5–7.0 and 3.5–6.3 μg ml−1 for methods A, B and C, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in its pure form and its dosage form. No interference was observed from a common pharmaceutical adjuvant. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Certain Antidepressants in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
ArmaĞan Önal ◽  
Ş. Evrim Kepeki ◽  
S MÜge Çetin ◽  
Sidika ErtÜrk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Drug Substances

Abstract Simple and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for determination of sertraline, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine in pharmaceutical preparations. The methods are based on the reactions between the studied drug substances and ion-pair agents (bromothymol blue, bromocresol green, or bromophenol blue) to produce yellow-colored ion-pair complexes in acidic buffers. After extracting in chloroform, the ion-pair complexes are spectrophotometrically determined at the optimum wavelength. Optimizations of the reaction conditions were carried out. Beer's law was obeyed within the concentration range from 1 to 15 μg/mL. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection and quantification limits were also determined. The developed methods were applied successfully for the determination of these drugs in some available commercial preparations. The results were compared statistically with those obtained from reported high-performance liquid chromatography methods.

scholarly journals Title DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST MONTELUKAST SODIUM IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
RAGAA EL SHEIKH ◽  
WAFAA S HASSAN ◽  
MARWA M EL-GABRY ◽  
AYMAN A GOUDA ◽  
SALEH S IDRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor

Objective: Simple, sensitive, precise, reproducible, and validated visible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of leukotriene receptor antagonist drug, namely, montelukast (MNT) sodium in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations. Methods: Three spectrophotometric methods are based on the formation of yellow-colored ion-pair complexes between MNT sodium and three dyes, bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, and methyl orange with absorption maxima at 420, 416, and 426 nm, respectively. Results: The stoichiometric ratio of the formed ion-pair complexes was found to be 1:1 (drug:reagent) for all methods, as deduced by Job’s method of continuous variation. Several parameters such as pH, buffer type and volume, reagent volume, sequence of addition, and effect of extracting solvent were optimized to achieve high sensitivity, stability, low blank reading, and reproducible results. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9993–0.9999) were found over the concentration ranges of 1.0–10, 1.0–12, and 1.0–16 μg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.30, 0.29, and 0.27 μg/mL for bromocresol green, bromophenol blue, and methyl orange methods, respectively. Conclusion: The proposed methods were validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and successfully applied to the analysis of MNT sodium in pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results obtained by applying the proposed methods with those of the reference method revealed good agreement and proved that there was no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the results. 

Spectrophotometric quantification of fluoxetine hydrochloride: Application to quality control and quality assurance processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Amin ◽  
Ibrahim Ahmed ◽  
Hassan Dessouki ◽  
Hassan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride ◽  
Relative Standard

AbstractSimple and rapid spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the microdetermination of fluoxetine HCl. The proposed methods are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between fluoxetine and bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB), bromocresol green (BCG), and bromocresol purple (BCP) which can be measured at optimum λmax. Optimization of reaction conditions was investigated. Beerșs law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 0.5–8.0 μg mL−1, whereas optimum concentration as adopted from the Ringbom plots was 0.7–7.7 μg mL−1. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection limit were also calculated. The most optimal and sensitive method was developed using BCG. The correlation coefficient was 0.9988 (n = 6) with a relative standard deviation of 1.25, for six determinations of 4.0 μg mL−1. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of fluoxetine hydrochloride in its dosage forms and in biological fluids (spiked plasma sample) using the standard addition technique.

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