scholarly journals Adipokines and the Female Reproductive Tract

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Reverchon ◽  
Christelle Ramé ◽  
Michael Bertoldo ◽  
Joëlle Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Endocrine Effect ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

It is well known that adipose tissue can influence puberty, sexual maturation, and fertility in different species. Adipose tissue secretes molecules called adipokines which most likely have an endocrine effect on reproductive function. It has been revealed over the last few years that adipokines are functionally implicated at all levels of the reproductive axis including the gonad and hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Many studies have shown the presence and the role of the adipokines and their receptors in the female reproductive tract of different species. These adipokines regulate ovarian steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and embryo development. They are also present in the uterus and placenta where they could create a favorable environment for embryonic implantation and play a key role in maternal-fetal metabolism communication and gestation. Reproductive functions are strongly dependent on energy balance, and thereby metabolic abnormalities can lead to the development of some pathophysiologies such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Adipokines could be a link between reproduction and energy metabolism and could partly explain some infertility related to obesity or PCOS.

scholarly journals Adipokines in reproductive function: a link between obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. R21-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwang Chen ◽  
Xiao Jia ◽  
Jie Qiao ◽  
Youfei Guan ◽  
Jihong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy associated with infertility and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Dysfunction of adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Increasing evidence shows that the dysregulated expression of adipokines, the secreted products of adipose tissue, plays an important role in the pathology of PCOS. Here, we review the role of several identified adipokines that may act as a link between obesity and PCOS. PCOS also reciprocally influences the profile of adipokines. Insight into the underlying mechanisms will help better understand the pathology of PCOS and identify new therapeutic targets of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Vitamin D3 Action Within the Ovary – an Updated Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
M GRZESIAK
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Vitamin D3 Deficiency

Vitamin D3 is well-known as a major regulator of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. A growing body of evidence highlights its crucial role in the regulation of reproductive processes in females. The role of vitamin D3 in the female reproductive tract has been extensively investigated because its receptor is abundant in reproductive organs, including ovary. Importantly, besides expression of vitamin D3 receptor, the ovary is an extrarenal site of vitamin D3 metabolism. The influence of vitamin D3 on follicular development and ovarian steroidogenesis has been investigated. Furthermore, vitamin D3 deficiency has also been associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, premature ovarian failure and ovarian cancer. The objective of this review is to summarize our knowledge about the contribution of vitamin D3 to physiological and pathological processes within the ovary.

scholarly journals Increased FOXL2 Expression Alters Uterine Structures and Functions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
San-Pin Wu ◽  
Lecong Zhou ◽  
Barbara Nicol ◽  
John P. Lydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Endometrial Biopsy ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTranscription factor FOXL2 exhibits an increase in mRNA levels in eutopic endometrial biopsy in endometriosis patients. While FOXL2 is known of regulating sex differentiation and reproductive function, the impact of elevated FOXL2 expression on uterine physiology remains unknown. To answer this question, we generated mice with over expression of FOXL2 (FOXL2OE) in the female reproductive tract by crossing Foxl2LsL/+ with the Pgrcre model. FOXL2OE uterus showed severe morphological abnormality including abnormal epithelial stratification, blunted adenogenesis, increased endometrial fibrosis and disrupted myometrial morphology. In contrast, increasing FOXL2 levels specifically in uterine epithelium by crossing the Foxl2LsL/+ with the Ltficre mice resulted in the eFOXL2OE mice with uterine epithelial stratification but without defects in endometrial fibrosis and adenogenesis, demonstrating a role of the endometrial stroma in the uterine abnormalities of the FOXL2OE mice. Transcriptomic analysis of 12 weeks old Pgrcre and FOXL2OE uterus at diestrus stage showed a positive correlation of FOXL2OE uterine transcriptome with human endometrium of endometriosis patients. Furthermore, we found FOXL2OE mice were sterile. The infertility was caused in part by a disruption of the hypophyseal ovarian axis resulting in an anovulatory phenotype. The FOXL2OE mice failed to show decidual responses during artificial decidualization in ovariectomized mice which demonstrates the uterine contribution to the infertility phenotype. These data supported that aberrantly increased FOXL2 expressions in the female reproductive tract can disrupt ovarian and uterine functions, particularly, may be involved in the progressions of endometriosis.

scholarly journals Increased FOXL2 expression alters uterine structures and functions†

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-965
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
San-Pin Wu ◽  
Lecong Zhou ◽  
Barbara Nicol ◽  
John P Lydon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The transcription factor forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) regulates sex differentiation and reproductive function. Elevated levels of this transcription factor have been observed in the diseases of the uterus, such as endometriosis. However, the impact of elevated FOXL2 expression on uterine physiology remains unknown. In order to determine the consequences of altered FOXL2 in the female reproductive axis, we generated mice with over-expression of FOXL2 (FOXL2OE) by crossing Foxl2LsL/+ with the Progesterone receptor Pgrcre model. FOXL2OE uterus showed severe morphological abnormality including abnormal epithelial stratification, blunted adenogenesis, increased endometrial fibrosis, and disrupted myometrial morphology. In contrast, increasing FOXL2 levels specifically in uterine epithelium by crossing the Foxl2LsL/+ with the lactoferrin Ltficre mice resulted in the eFOXL2OE mice with uterine epithelial stratification but without defects in endometrial fibrosis and adenogenesis, demonstrating a role of the endometrial stroma in the uterine abnormalities of the FOXL2OE mice. Transcriptomic analysis of 12 weeks old Pgrcre and FOXL2OE uterus at diestrus stage showed multiple signaling pathways related with cellular matrix, wnt/β-catenin, and altered cell cycle. Furthermore, we found FOXL2OE mice were sterile. The infertility was caused in part by a disruption of the hypophyseal ovarian axis resulting in an anovulatory phenotype. The FOXL2OE mice failed to show decidual responses during artificial decidualization in ovariectomized mice demonstrating the uterine contribution to the infertility phenotype. These data support that aberrantly increased FOXL2 expressions in the female reproductive tract can disrupt ovarian and uterine functions.

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D and melatonin in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
J S Absatarova ◽  
E N Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Receptor Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Medical Guidelines

The article presents data on new possible mechanisms of pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. In the past years there have been a lot of studies on the effect of vitamin D on the development of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. The amount of evidence for of the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and obesity is growing. The search for genetic markers predisposing to polycystic ovary syndrome among vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms seems quite premising. Considering of detected connections, therapy with vitamin D may be an effective treatment for this disease. In addition to the influence on reproductive function vitamin D is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythm, and it’s disturbance may lead to the development of anovulation. Another important factor in control of sleep and wakefulness cycles is melatonin. It’s participation in development and maturation of follicles by inhibiting of oxidative stress was proved, and the use of melatonin in women as a treatment for infertility helped to improve reproductive function. Thus, further studies of the role of vitamin D and melatonin may allow developing principally new approaches and medical guidelines for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Involvement of Novel Adipokines, Chemerin, Visfatin, Resistin and Apelin in Reproductive Functions in Normal and Pathological Conditions in Humans and Animal Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Estienne ◽  
Alice Bongrani ◽  
Maxime Reverchon ◽  
Christelle Ramé ◽  
Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Uterine Growth ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
Intra Uterine Growth Retardation

It is well known that adipokines are endocrine factors that are mainly secreted by white adipose tissue. Their central role in energy metabolism is currently accepted. More recently, their involvement in fertility regulation and the development of some reproductive disorders has been suggested. Data concerning the role of leptin and adiponectin, the two most studied adipokines, in the control of the reproductive axis are consistent. In recent years, interest has grown about some novel adipokines, chemerin, visfatin, resistin and apelin, which have been found to be strongly associated with obesity and insulin-resistance. Here, we will review their expression and role in male and female reproduction in humans and animal models. According to accumulating evidence, they could regulate the secretion of GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone), gonadotropins and steroids. Furthermore, their expression and that of their receptors (if known), has been demonstrated in the human and animal hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. Like leptin and adiponectin, these novel adipokines could thus represent metabolic sensors that are able to regulate reproductive functions according to energy balance changes. Therefore, after investigating their role in normal fertility, we will also discuss their possible involvement in some reproductive troubles known to be associated with features of metabolic syndrome, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth retardation in women, and sperm abnormalities and testicular pathologies in men.

Electroacupuncture improves metabolic and ovarian function in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by decreasing white adipose tissue, increasing brown adipose tissue, and modulating the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
pp. 096452842110566
Author(s):  
Feifei Zhang ◽  
Tong Ma ◽  
Xiaoyu Tong ◽  
Yanjun Liu ◽  
Peng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pcos Group ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 8%–15% of reproductive-age women and is associated with reproductive disorders, abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Acupuncture, as a traditional physical therapy method, could affect various metabolic disorders such as obesity, hyperplasia, gout, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinical practice. Moreover, electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to decrease body weight in rats with PCOS; however, the mechanism of weight loss and the relationship between adipose tissue and gut microbiota remain unclear. Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of EA on white and brown adipose tissues and gut microbiota, and its follow-up effect on reproductive function, in a rat model of PCOS. Methods: Daily EA treatment was administered at ST29 and SP6 in a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PCOS-like rat model (PCOS + EA group). Effects of EA on in vivo and in vitro adipose volume and weight, organ weight coefficients, body weight, hormonal profiles, and estrous cyclicity were measured, and compared with untreated PCOS model rats (PCOS group) and healthy rats (control group). Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples to analyze group abundance and diversity. Results: EA improved estrous cyclicity, decreased body weight, decreased visceral and subcutaneous fat content, and increased brown adipose tissue weight. EA also normalized serum DHT and progesterone levels and improved glucose tolerance. There were few significant differences in the composition or diversity of the gut microbiota between control, PCOS, and PCOS + EA groups, except for the relative abundances of Tenericutes at the phylum level and Prevotella_9 at the genus level, which were significantly different in the PCOS group before and after EA treatment. Both are important microflora, strongly related to body weight. Conclusion: EA regulated the metabolic disorders and improved reproductive function in this PCOS-like rat model by adjusting visceral fat and brown fat, as well as intestinal flora.

scholarly journals Validity of the association between periodontitis and female infertility conditions: a concise review

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. R41-R54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
Joana Lopes ◽  
Mariana Patrão ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
Luís Proença ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Follicle Maturation

Hormones and inflammatory mechanisms are implicated with female reproductive function, including follicle maturation, ovulation, embryo implantation, and pregnancy. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease due to a polymicrobial disruption of the homeostasis and may be considered as a potential risk factor that affect female fertility. The role of periodontitis is becoming meaningful, with significant associations with polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis and bacterial vaginosis. Further, periodontitis is linked with known risk factors towards female infertility, such as age, obesity, and chronic kidney disease. This review aims to summarize the available evidence on the association between periodontitis and female infertility-associated conditions, and to discuss warranting steps in future research.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY AND LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Balashova ◽  
V. M. Shyshko ◽  
L. F. Mozheyko
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Surgery ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Diagnostic Laparoscopy ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

A retrospective analysis of 130 outpatient medical records and case histories of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was conducted. Patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy followed by resection, diathermic cauterization, decortication, or decapsulation of the ovaries. In this study we demonstrated the value of laparoscopic methods in making the final diagnosis and identifying concomitant causes of infertility, as well as their effectiveness in restoring the reproductive function of women.

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