scholarly journals Vector Potential Quantization and the Quantum Vacuum

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Meis
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Vector Potential ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Vacuum State ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Spontaneous Emission Rate ◽  
Photon State ◽  
Energy Quantum

We investigate the quantization of the vector potential amplitude of the electromagnetic field to a single photon state starting from the fundamental link equations between the classical electromagnetic theory and the quantum mechanical expressions. The resulting wave-particle formalism ensures a coherent transition between the classical electromagnetic wave theory and the quantum representation. A quantization constant of the photon vector potential is defined. A new quantum vacuum description results directly in having very low energy density. The calculated spontaneous emission rate and Lambs shift for the nS states of the hydrogen atom are in agreement with quantum electrodynamics. This low energy quantum vacuum state might be compatible with recent astrophysical observations.

scholarly journals Quantum Vacuum Gravitation Matter-Antimatter Antigravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2090 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
Constantin Meis
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Vector Potential ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Vacuum Field ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Unified Field Theory ◽  
Basic Step ◽  
The Masses

Abstract Without stating any assumptions or making postulates we show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. Photons are local oscillations of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum field guided by a non-local vector potential wave function. The electron-positron elementary charge emerges naturally from the vacuum field and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles have electromagnetic origin. In addition, we deduce that the gravitational constant G is an intrinsic property of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We show that Newton’s gravitational law is equivalent to Coulomb’s electrostatic law. Furthermore, we draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces could be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum field may be the natural link between particle physics, quantum electrodynamics, gravitation and cosmology constituting a basic step towards a unified field theory.

scholarly journals EXPLORING QUANTUM VACUUM WITH LOW-ENERGY PHOTONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 1241002 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MILOTTI ◽  
F. DELLA VALLE ◽  
G. ZAVATTINI ◽  
G. MESSINEO ◽  
U. GASTALDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Photon Scattering ◽  
Electronic Field ◽  
Photon Cross Section

Although quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum field theory (QFT) are highly successful, the seemingly simplest state — vacuum — remains mysterious. While the LHC experiments are expected to clarify basic questions on the structure of QFT vacuum, much can still be done at lower energies as well. For instance, experiments like PVLAS try to reach extremely high sensitivities, in their attempt to observe the effects of the interaction of visible or near-visible photons with intense magnetic fields — a process which becomes possible in quantum electrodynamics (QED) thanks to the vacuum fluctuations of the electronic field, and which is akin to photon–photon scattering. PVLAS is now close to data-taking and if it reaches the required sensitivity, it could provide important information on QED vacuum. PVLAS and other similar experiments face great challenges as they try to measure an extremely minute effect. However, raising the photon energy greatly increases the photon–photon cross section, and gamma rays could help extract much more information from the observed light–light scattering. Here we discuss an experimental design to measure photon–photon scattering close to the peak of the photon–photon cross section, that could fit in the proposed construction of an FEL facility at the Cabibbo Lab near Frascati (Rome, Italy).

scholarly journals Extreme Properties, variances and the behavior of the Universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H.K. Geerasee Wijesuriya
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Vacuum State ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Accelerating Expansion ◽  
Expansion Of The Universe ◽  
Energy Quantum ◽  
The Universe

At this moment, scientists don’t have any significant explanation to explain ‘why there are much matter particles than anti-matter particles’ in the universe. But with this research, it is going to provide an explanation for that.An attempt of this research is to provide detailed innovative arguments regarding the real nature of supermassive black holes also. Here this is intending to explain why, the contribution to the accelerating expansion of the universe by the quantum vacuum is much bit than the contribution by other matters in the universe.Scientists have confused on why the energy of the zero-point energy (quantum vacuum) state, does not contribute to the cosmological vacuum energy (cosmological constant) much. The goal of this research is to investigate a solution to that particular problem also. This will explain why there is a difference between the observed energy of a satellite and the theoretically calculated energy of a satellite, which is orbiting around the Earth. This research will argue regarding whether dark matter is responsible for differences in observed and theoretical speed of stars revolving around the center of Galaxies.

scholarly journals Quantized Field of Single Photons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Meis
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Vector Potential ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Massless Particle ◽  
Field Vector ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
Real Component ◽  
Particle Nature

We present theoretical developments expressing the physical characteristics of a single photon in conformity with the experimental evidence. The quantization of the electromagnetic field vector potential amplitude is enhanced to a free of cavity photon state. Coupling the Schrödinger equation with the relativistic massless particle Hamiltonian to a symmetrical vector potential relation, we establish the vector potential - energy equation for the photon expressing the simultaneous wave-particle nature of a single photon, an intrinsic physical property. It is shown that the vector potential can be naturally considered as a real wave function for the photon entailing a coherent localization probability. We deduce directly the electric and magnetic field amplitudes of the cavity-free single photon, which are revealed to be proportional to the square of the angular frequency. The zero-energy electromagnetic field ground state (EFGS), a quantum vacuum real component, issues naturally from Maxwell’s equations and the vector potential quantization procedure. The relation of the quantized amplitude of the photon vector potential to the electron-positron charge results directly showing the physical relationship between photons and electrons-positrons that might be at the origin of their mutual transformations. It becomes obvious that photons, as well as electrons-positrons, are issued from the same quantum vacuum field.

scholarly journals Reflecting petawatt lasers off relativistic plasma mirrors: a realistic path to the Schwinger limit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Quéré ◽  
Henri Vincenti
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Power ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Optical Breakdown ◽  
Relativistic Plasma ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Relativistic Motion ◽  
Quantum Vacuum ◽  
High Power Lasers

Abstract The quantum vacuum plays a central role in physics. Quantum electrodynamics (QED) predicts that the properties of the fermionic quantum vacuum can be probed by extremely large electromagnetic fields. The typical field amplitudes required correspond to the onset of the ‘optical breakdown’ of this vacuum, expected at light intensities >4.7×1029 W/cm2. Approaching this ‘Schwinger limit’ would enable testing of major but still unverified predictions of QED. Yet, the Schwinger limit is seven orders of magnitude above the present record in light intensity achieved by high-power lasers. To close this considerable gap, a promising paradigm consists of reflecting these laser beams off a mirror in relativistic motion, to induce a Doppler effect that compresses the light pulse in time down to the attosecond range and converts it to shorter wavelengths, which can then be focused much more tightly than the initial laser light. However, this faces a major experimental hurdle: how to generate such relativistic mirrors? In this article, we explain how this challenge could nowadays be tackled by using so-called ‘relativistic plasma mirrors’. We argue that approaching the Schwinger limit in the coming years by applying this scheme to the latest generation of petawatt-class lasers is a challenging but realistic objective.

scholarly journals Spurious poles in the scattering of electric and magnetic charges

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Terning ◽  
Christopher B. Verhaaren
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Scattering Amplitudes ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
Parity Conservation ◽  
Non Local ◽  
The Way

Abstract Theories with both electric and magnetic charges (“mutually non-local” theories) have several major obstacles to calculating scattering amplitudes. Even when the interaction arises through the kinetic mixing of two, otherwise independent, U(1)’s, so that all low-energy interactions are perturbative, difficulties remain: using a self-dual, local formalism leads to spurious poles at any finite order in perturbation theory. Correct calculations must show how the spurious poles cancel in observable scattering amplitudes. Consistency requires that one type of charge is confined as a result of one of the U(1)’s being broken. Here we show how the constraints of confinement and parity conservation on observable processes manages to cancel the spurious poles in scattering and pair production amplitudes, paving the way for systematic studies of the experimental signatures of “dark” electric-magnetic processes. Along the way we demonstrate some novel effects in electric-magnetic interactions, including that the amplitude for single photon production of magnetic particles by electric particles vanishes.

scholarly journals UAS Identify and Monitor Unusual Small-Scale Rhythmic Features in the Bay of Cádiz (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Lara Talavera ◽  
Javier Benavente ◽  
Laura Del Río
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz

Unusual shore-normal and barred-like rhythmic features were found in Camposoto Beach (Bay of Cádiz, SW Spain) during a monitoring program using unmanned aerial systems (UAS). They appeared in the backshore and persisted for 6 months (October 2017–March 2018). Their characteristics and possible formation mechanism were investigated analyzing: (1) UAS-derived high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), (2) hydrodynamic conditions, and (3) sediment samples. The results revealed that the features did not migrate spatially, that their wavelength was well predicted by the edge wave theory, and that they shared characteristics with both small-scale low-energy finger bars (e.g., geometry/appearance and amplitude) and swash cusps (e.g., wavelength, seaward circulation pattern, and finer and better sorted material in the runnels with respect to the crests). Our findings pinpoint to highly organized swash able to reach the backshore during spring tides under low-energy and accretionary conditions as well as backwash enhanced by conditions of water-saturated sediment. This study demonstrates that rhythmic features can appear under different modalities and beach locations than the ones observed up to date, and that their unusual nature may be attributed to the low spatiotemporal resolution of the traditional coastal surveying methods in comparison with novel technologies such as UAS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document