scholarly journals UAS Identify and Monitor Unusual Small-Scale Rhythmic Features in the Bay of Cádiz (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Lara Talavera ◽  
Javier Benavente ◽  
Laura Del Río
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz

Unusual shore-normal and barred-like rhythmic features were found in Camposoto Beach (Bay of Cádiz, SW Spain) during a monitoring program using unmanned aerial systems (UAS). They appeared in the backshore and persisted for 6 months (October 2017–March 2018). Their characteristics and possible formation mechanism were investigated analyzing: (1) UAS-derived high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), (2) hydrodynamic conditions, and (3) sediment samples. The results revealed that the features did not migrate spatially, that their wavelength was well predicted by the edge wave theory, and that they shared characteristics with both small-scale low-energy finger bars (e.g., geometry/appearance and amplitude) and swash cusps (e.g., wavelength, seaward circulation pattern, and finer and better sorted material in the runnels with respect to the crests). Our findings pinpoint to highly organized swash able to reach the backshore during spring tides under low-energy and accretionary conditions as well as backwash enhanced by conditions of water-saturated sediment. This study demonstrates that rhythmic features can appear under different modalities and beach locations than the ones observed up to date, and that their unusual nature may be attributed to the low spatiotemporal resolution of the traditional coastal surveying methods in comparison with novel technologies such as UAS.

scholarly journals Novel Technologies and Their Application for Protected Area Management: A Supporting Approach in Biodiversity Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Dalton ◽  
Kathrin Pascher ◽  
Vanessa Berger ◽  
Klaus Steinbauer ◽  
Michael Jungmeier
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Monitoring Tools

State-of-the-art tools are revolutionizing protected area (PA) manager approaches to biodiversity monitoring. Effective strategies are available for test site establishment, data collection, archiving, analysis, and presentation. In PAs, use of new technologies will support a shift from primarily expert-based to automated monitoring procedures, allowing increasingly efficient data collection and facilitating adherence to conservation requirements. Selection and application of appropriate tools increasingly improve options for adaptive management. In this chapter, modern biodiversity monitoring techniques are introduced and discussed in relation to previous standard approaches for their applicability in diverse habitats and for different groups of organisms. A review of some of today’s most exciting technologies is presented, including environmental DNA analysis for species identification; automated optical, olfactory, and auditory devices; remote sensing applications relaying site conditions in real-time; and uses of unmanned aerial systems technology for observation and mapping. An overview is given in the context of applicability of monitoring tools in different ecosystems, providing a theoretical basis from conceptualization to implementation of novel tools in a monitoring program. Practical examples from real-world PAs are provided.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Wildland Fires: Sensing, Perception, Cooperation and Assistance

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Moulay A. Akhloufi ◽  
Andy Couturier ◽  
Nicolás A. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Wildland Fires ◽  
Natural Risk ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

Wildfires represent a significant natural risk causing economic losses, human death and environmental damage. In recent years, the world has seen an increase in fire intensity and frequency. Research has been conducted towards the development of dedicated solutions for wildland fire assistance and fighting. Systems were proposed for the remote detection and tracking of fires. These systems have shown improvements in the area of efficient data collection and fire characterization within small-scale environments. However, wildland fires cover large areas making some of the proposed ground-based systems unsuitable for optimal coverage. To tackle this limitation, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) were proposed. UAVs have proven to be useful due to their maneuverability, allowing for the implementation of remote sensing, allocation strategies and task planning. They can provide a low-cost alternative for the prevention, detection and real-time support of firefighting. In this paper, previous works related to the use of UAV in wildland fires are reviewed. Onboard sensor instruments, fire perception algorithms and coordination strategies are considered. In addition, some of the recent frameworks proposing the use of both aerial vehicles and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) for a more efficient wildland firefighting strategy at a larger scale are presented.

Seasonality in a taxocoenosis of molluscs from soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain)

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. Rueda ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Casado ◽  
Carmen Salas ◽  
Serge Gofas
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Soft Bottom ◽  
Soft Bottoms ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The macrofauna of molluscs associated with soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain) was studied monthly from February 1994 to January 1996. The number of species (63) is high for a soft bottom and is related to environmental characteristics (growth of macrophytes) and the biogeographical setting of the studied area. Corbula gibba (∼90%) was the dominant species in this taxocoenosis together with the gastropod Nassarius pygmaeus and the bivalves Pandora inaequivalvis, Parvicardium exiguum and Macoma melo. The most frequent species during the two years was also the bivalve Corbula gibba (100%) followed by the gastropods Nassarius pygmaeus, Tricolia tenuis, Rissoa membranacea and the bivalve Macoma melo. Total abundance of the taxocoenosis in both years reached higher values in spring. The dynamics of the ecological indices such as diversity or evenness, and the species richness showed a similar pattern in both years, with low values of diversity and evenness together with high species richness in spring and summer months and the reverse in autumn and winter. The qualitative correspondence analysis of monthly samples shows an ordination related to seasonality in both studied years, however the values of Jaccard's coefficient do not indicate significant boundaries among the monthly samples. The quantitative correspondence analysis shows an ordination and grouping of samples related to the biology of species, particularly with the recruitment of C. gibba, the dominant species. The existence of similar trends in the structure of the taxocoenoses over both years, and the seasonality highlighted by the qualitative correspondence analysis, seems to indicate a certain stability of the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Tidal and seasonal carbon and nutrient dynamics of the Guadalquivir estuary and the Bay of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4481-4491 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ribas-Ribas ◽  
E. Anfuso ◽  
A. Gómez-Parra ◽  
J. M. Forja
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Gulf Of Cadiz ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Guadalquivir Estuary ◽  
Gulf Of Cádiz ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz

Abstract. To study the effects of the physical environment on carbon and nutrient cycle dynamics on the north-eastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, changes in currents, tides, salinity, temperature, carbon system parameters (fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH) and other related parameters(dissolved oxygen, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nutrients and suspended particulate matter) were measured in transects across the Guadalquivir estuary and Bay of Cádiz mouths. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of these inner ecosystems on the carbon and nutrient distributions on the adjacent continental shelf. Three cruises were undertaken in June 2006, November 2006 and February 2007. During the whole study period, Guadalquivir estuary exported components at a rate of 3 Gmol of SiO2, 4 Gmol of DIN, 3 Gmol of TDN, 31 Gmol of DOC and 604 Gmol of DIC per year. On the other hand, Bay of Cádiz imported 3 Gmol of SiO2, 1 Gmol of DIN, 2 Gmol of TDN, 33 Gmol of DOC and 562 Gmol of DIC per year. Diurnal variability of fCO2 could have a potentially important implication on the estimate of air–sea CO2 fluxes. Tides influence velocity and transport of carbon and nutrients: we found statistically significant differences (p < 0.0001, n = 220) between the flood tide (the mean velocity was 4.85 cm s–1) and the ebb tide (the mean velocity was −5.67 cm s–1). Biological activity and diurnal changes have also an important role on the carbon and nutrient dynamics. Seasonal carbon and nutrient variations were found. During June, both systems were exporting components to the adjacent continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, whereas in February both systems were importing. Monthly studies should be undertaken to completely understand this dynamic system.

scholarly journals Indoor Bluetooth Low Energy Dataset for Localization, Tracking, Occupancy, and Social Interaction

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Baronti ◽  
Paolo Barsocchi ◽  
Stefano Chessa ◽  
Fabio Mavilia ◽  
Filippo Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Meaningful Use ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Open Datasets

Indoor localization has become a mature research area, but further scientific developments are limited due to the lack of open datasets and corresponding frameworks suitable to compare and evaluate specialized localization solutions. Although several competitions provide datasets and environments for comparing different solutions, they hardly consider novel technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), which is gaining more and more importance in indoor localization due to its wide availability in personal and environmental devices and to its low costs and flexibility. This paper contributes to cover this gap by: (i) presenting a new indoor BLE dataset; (ii) reviewing several, meaningful use cases in different application scenarios; and (iii) discussing alternative uses of the dataset in the evaluation of different positioning and navigation applications, namely localization, tracking, occupancy and social interaction.

scholarly journals Experimental Comparison of Direct and Active Throttle Control of a 7 kW Turboelectric Power System for Unmanned Aircraft

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10608
Author(s):  
Johnathan Burgess ◽  
Timothy Runnels ◽  
Joshua Johnsen ◽  
Joshua Drake ◽  
Kurt Rouser
Keyword(s):  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Electric Loads

This article compares direct turbine throttle control and active turbine throttle control for a turboelectric system; the featured turboprop is rated for 7 kW of shaft output power. The powerplant is intended for applications in unmanned aerial systems and requires a control system to produce different amounts of power for varying mission legs. The most straightforward control scheme explored is direct turbine control, which is characterized by the pilot controlling the throttle of the turbine engine. In contrast, active control is characterized by the turbine reacting to the power demanded by the electric motors or battery recharge cycle. The transient response to electric loads of a small-scale turboelectric system is essential in identifying and characterizing such a system’s safe operational parameters. This paper directly compares the turbogenerator’s transient behavior to varying electric loads and categorizes its dynamic response. A proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) control algorithm was utilized as an active throttle controller through a microcontroller with battery power augmentation for the turboelectric system. This controller manages the turbine’s throttle reactions in response to any electric load when applied or altered. By comparing the system’s response with and without the controller, the authors provide a method to safely minimize the response time of the active throttle controller for use in the real-world environment of unmanned aircraft.

scholarly journals Radon daughter removal from PTFE surfaces and its application in liquid xenon detectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bruenner ◽  
D. Cichon ◽  
G. Eurin ◽  
P. Herrero Gómez ◽  
F. Jörg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Lead Isotopes ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liquid Xenon ◽  
Radon Daughters ◽  
Radon Daughter ◽  
Cleaning Procedures ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLong-lived radon daughters are a critical background source in experiments searching for low-energy rare events. Originating from radon in ambient air, radioactive polonium, bismuth and lead isotopes plate-out on materials that are later employed in the experiment. In this paper, we examine cleaning procedures for their capability to remove radon daughters from PTFE surfaces, a material often used in liquid xenon TPCs. We find a large difference between the removal efficiency obtained for the decay chains of $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn and $$^{220}$$ 220 Rn. This indicates that the plate-out mechanism has an effect on the cleaning success. While the long-lived $$^{222}$$ 222 Rn daughters can be reduced by a factor of  2, the removal of $$^{220}$$ 220 Rn daughters is up to 10 times more efficient depending on the treatment. Furthermore, the impact of a nitric acid based PTFE cleaning on the liquid xenon purity is investigated in a small-scale liquid xenon TPC.

scholarly journals Tidal and seasonal carbon and nutrients dynamics of the Guadalquivir Estuary and the Bay of Cádiz (SW Iberian Peninsula)

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 14537-14558
Author(s):  
M. Ribas-Ribas ◽  
L. I. Carracedo ◽  
E. Anfuso ◽  
J. M. Forja
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Gulf Of Cadiz ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Guadalquivir Estuary ◽  
The North ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Gulf Of Cádiz ◽  
Bay Of Cadiz ◽  
Bay Of Cádiz

Abstract. To study the effects of the physical environment on carbon and nutrients cycles dynamics in the north eastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz, changes in currents, tides, salinity, temperature, carbon system parameters (fugacity of CO2 (fCO2), dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon and pH) and others related (dissolved oxygen, total dissolved nitrogen, nutrients and suspended particulate matter) were measured in transects across the Guadalquivir Estuary and Bay of Cádiz mouths. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of these inner ecosystems on the carbon and nutrient distributions in the adjacent continental shelf. Three cruises have been undertaken in June 2006, November 2006 and February 2007, each one covering one complete tidal cycle during June, both systems were exporting components to the adjacent continental shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz. In an annual scale, Guadalquivir Estuary exported components while Bay of Cádiz imported them. Diurnal variability of fCO2 could have a potentially important implication on the estimate of air-sea CO2 fluxes. Monthly studies should be undertaken to completely understand this dynamic system.

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