scholarly journals αMSH Blunts Endotoxin-Induced MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 Upregulation in Skeletal Muscle by Modulating NF-κB and Akt/FoxO1 Pathway

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Martín ◽  
Ana Belén Gómez-SanMiguel ◽  
Carolina Gómez-Moreira ◽  
María Ángeles Villanúa ◽  
Asunción López-Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Muscle Response ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Lps Treatment

Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticachectic actions. We hypothesized thatαMSH administration could attenuate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the skeletal muscle through modifications in IGF-Akt-FoxO1 pathway, or/and in serum corticosterone. Adult male Wistar rats were injected with LPS and/orαMSH.αMSH administration reduced LPS-induced increase in liver TNFαand serum nitrites as well as NF-κB activation in skeletal muscle. In contrast, αMSH was not able to prevent the stimulatory effect of LPS on serum concentration of ACTH and corticosterone. LPS decreased serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP3 and their expression in the liver (P<0.01). However IGFBP3 expression in the gastrocnemius was increased by LPS. Treatment with αMSH prevented the effects of LPS on IGFBP3 but not on IGF-I. In the gastrocnemius αMSH blocked LPS-induced decrease in pAkt as well as the increase in pNF-κB(p65), FoxO1, atrogin-1, and MuRF1 levels. These results suggest thatαMSH blunts skeletal muscle response to endotoxin by downregulating atrogenes and FoxO1 at least in part by controlling NF-κB activation and Akt signalling, but not through modifications in the secretion of corticosterone or IGF-I.

Aldolase Activity of the Heart and Skeletal Muscle of Exercised Rats

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Hearn ◽  
Walter W. Wainio
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Young Adult Male ◽  
Heart Ventricles ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Aldolase Activity

Young adult male Wistar rats with an average initial weight of 250 gm were exercised from 5 to 8 weeks on a training regimen consisting of swimming one-half hour daily. Pair-fed, nonswimming animals served as controls. The unit protein of the heart ventricles and gastrocnemii (mg protein/gm wet weight of organ) was in general greater for the exercised animals. Aldolase activities were determined in the heart ventricles and the gastrocnemii. The results were expressed in terms of unit activities, actual total activities and relative total activities. The exercise significantly altered the unit and relative total activities of both the heart ventricles and skeletal muscle ( P < 0.05 or < 0.01), except for the 8th week in heart, and the actual total activities of the heart ( P < 0.01), except for the 8th week.

scholarly journals The function of the hypothalamothyroid system after cainate injection to the ventrolateral portion of medulla obtongara

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
T. V. Dudina ◽  
A. I. Yeolkina ◽  
T. S. Kandybo ◽  
O. A. Azev ◽  
V. A. Kulchitsky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Caudal Part ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Contribution of the bulbar structures to mechanisms of realization of the hypothalamothyroid system feedback was studied in experiments on 73 adult male Wistar rats. Histologically confirmed unilateral destruction of neurones in the caudal part of medulla oblongata ventral portions after injection of 0.65 pg of cainate as soon as 30 min after injection was paralleled by a trend to increase of the blood serum levels of triiodothyronine and thyroxin-binding globulin, this increase attaining reliable values by day 7 after destruction, when the effects of operation stress levelled. During the same period wc observed activation of glucocorticoid-dependent choline-, serotonin-, and noradrenergic- processes in the mediobasal zone of the hypothalamus, this indicating the presence of functional relationships of medulla oblongata ventral portions with the hypothalamothyroid system realized by disinhibition of this system during destruction of neurones in the caudal part of the ventral portion of medulla oblongata.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Silver Nano-particles by Electrochemical Method and the Effects on the Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones (T3, T4) in Adult Male Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Zohreh Parang ◽  
◽  
Davood Moghadamnia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

Background: Silver nano-particles have anti-fungal properties. In the present study, silver nano-particles were synthesized by electrochemical method and its effects on the serum levels ofT3 and T4 hormones were investigated in adult male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 28 adult male Wistar rats weighing approximately 180-220g were divided into 4 groups of 7 rats. The control group (no treatment). The experimental groups 1and 2 received silver intraperitoneal nano-particle doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, for 14 days. The nano-aprticles had been synthesized at 75 seconds interval. The experimental group 3 received silver nano-particles that were synthesized at 300 seconds interval with an intraperitoneal dose of 25 mg/kg for 14 days. At the end of this period, blood samples were obtained from the rats’ hearts, and the serum levels of T3 and T4 hormones were measured. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan tests. Results: At the completion of the study, there was no significant difference in the mean body weights in all experimental groups compared to control group. The results showed that the mean serum levels of T3 hormone in the experimental group1 increased significantly relative to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the mean serum levels of T4 hormone in all experimental groups compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Silver nano-particles increased the serum T3 hormone level in male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Anti‐Fertility Effects of Amlodipine in Adult Male Wistar Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaja Abdulazeez Akinlolu ◽  
Olaide Ghazali ◽  
Adebayo Kehinde Adefule
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

scholarly journals Effect of different types of stress on adrenal gland parameters and adrenal hormones in the blood serum of male Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adzic ◽  
Ana Djordjevic ◽  
Jelena Djordjevic ◽  
Ana Niciforovic ◽  
Marija Radojcic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Adrenal Hormones ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In the present study, we examined gross changes in the mass of whole adrenal glands and that of the adrenal cortex and medulla in mature male Wistar rats subjected to three different stress types: acute, chronic, and combined, i.e., chronic followed by acute stress. These parameters were correlated with adrenal activity as judged from serum levels of corticosterone and catecholamine, respectively, as well as with serum levels of ACTH and glucose. Under all three conditions, we observed bilaterally asymmetric and stress-type-independent hypertrophy of whole adrenals, as well as adrenal cortices and medullas. Under acute and combined stress, adrenal hypertrophy was followed by increase of adrenal hormones in the blood serum. However, under chronic stress, both cortical and medullar activities as judged from low or unaltered levels of the respective hormones and glucose were compromised and disconnected from the input signal of ACTH. Since all of the studied adrenal activities could be restored by subsequent acute stress, it is concluded that chronic isolation can be viewed as partly maladaptive stress with characteristics resembling stress resistance rather than the stress exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

scholarly journals Azathioprine and Methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 075-081
Author(s):  
A. Akinlolu ◽  
O. Akinola ◽  
P. Khobe ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
O. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction: AAzathioprine and Methotrexate are both used in the treatment of cancer; and are classified as cytotoxic drugs with reported adverse effects such as oxidative damage to the DNA/RNA, the testes and sperm cells. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate administrations impair the morphology and functions of the testes in adult male wistar rats. Methods: AAzathioprine (50-150mg per day) and Methotrexate (2.5mg per week) are used in the treatment of cancer in adult Man. We tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate impair the morphology and functions of testes in rats. Forty adult male wistar rats (150-230g) were employed in the study: Control Group I received physiological saline while Experimental Groups II - V received oral administrations of 5mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 15mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 8mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week and 20mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week respectively for 35 days. Results: Histological examinations of the testes of rats of Groups II - V showed dose-dependent morphological anomalies such as fewer collagen ibers of connective tissues, disrupted seminiferous tubules and scanty spermatozoa when compared to rats of Group I. Statistical analyses showed dose-dependent elevated levels (P≤0.05) of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in testes homogenates of rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. This implied increased oxidative stress in rats of Groups II - V. Evaluations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone showed dose-dependent significantly elevated levels (P≤0.05) in rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.

scholarly journals Avoidance memory requires CaMKII activity to persist after recall

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andressa Radiske ◽  
Maria Carolina Gonzalez ◽  
Janine I. Rossato ◽  
Gênedy Apolinário ◽  
João R. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Memory Reconsolidation ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Avoidance Memory ◽  
Avoidance Responses

AbstractAvoidance memory is destabilized when recalled concurrently with conflicting information, and must undergo a hippocampus-dependent restabilization process called reconsolidation to persist. CaMKII is a serine/threonine protein kinase essential for memory processing; however, its possible involvement in avoidance memory reconsolidation has not yet been studied. Using pharmacological, electrophysiological and optogenetic tools, we found that in adult male Wistar rats hippocampal CaMKII is necessary to reconsolidate avoidance memory, but not to keep it stored while inactive, and that blocking reconsolidation via CaMKII inhibition erases learned avoidance responses.

scholarly journals Antioxidant status and hepato-protective role of Anchomanes difformis in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Author(s):  
Toyin D. Alabi ◽  
Nicole L. Brooks ◽  
Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injuries

SummaryIntroduction: The liver is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and their metabolites and it is vulnerable to oxidative damage. Hyperglycaemia is highly implicated in the progression of diabetes mellitus, and adversely affects the liver. Though, conventional hypoglycaemic drugs may be effective in reducing blood glucose, they do not appear to be effective in attenuating the progression of diabetes and its complications.Objective: This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Anchomanes difformis on hyperglycaemia and hepatic injuries in type 2 diabetes.Methods: Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg BW) after two weeks of fructose (10%) administration. Aqueous extract of A. difformis (200 and 400 mg/kg BW) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg BW) were administered orally for six weeks. Blood glucose concentrations were measured. Serum levels of liver dysfunction markers (ALT, AST, and ALP), total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were investigated. Total protein, albumin, and globulin were also assessed. Antioxidant parameters: ORAC, GSH, GSSG, SOD, CAT and FRAP were evaluated in the liver while ORAC, FRAP and lipid peroxidation were determined in the serum. Histological examination of the liver tissue was carried out.Results: Treatment with aqueous extract of A. difformis significantly (p<0.05) reduced blood glucose and reversed steatosis in the diabetic-treated rats. The antioxidant status of diabetic-treated rats was significantly (p<0.05) improved. Serum levels of liver dysfunction markers were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in diabetic-treated rats.Conclusion: The findings in this study revealed that 400 mg/kgBW Anchomanes difformis was more effective than 200 mg/kg BW in ameliorating diabetes-induced hepatopathy, however, both doses of Anchomanes difformis demonstrated more antidiabetic ability than glibenclamide. Anchomanes difformis may be a novel and potential therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes and resulted hepatic injuries.

Chronic consumption of Hypericum humifusum leaf extracts impairs epididymis spermatozoa characters in association with oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 616-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Hammami ◽  
Ridha Ben Ali ◽  
Afef Nahdi ◽  
Olfa Kallech-Ziri ◽  
Marwa Boussada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats
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