scholarly journals Plant-Derived Anti-Inflammatory Compounds: Hopes and Disappointments regarding the Translation of Preclinical Knowledge into Clinical Progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fürst ◽  
Ilse Zündorf
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
The 19Th Century

Many diseases have been described to be associated with inflammatory processes. The currently available anti-inflammatory drug therapy is often not successful or causes intolerable side effects. Thus, new anti-inflammatory substances are still urgently needed. Plants were the first source of remedies in the history of mankind. Since their chemical characterization in the 19th century, herbal bioactive compounds have fueled drug development. Also, nowadays, new plant-derived agents continuously enrich our drug arsenal (e.g., vincristine, galantamine, and artemisinin). The number of new, pharmacologically active herbal ingredients, in particular that of anti-inflammatory compounds, rises continuously. The major obstacle in this field is the translation of preclinical knowledge into evidence-based clinical progress. Human trials of good quality are often missing or, when available, are frequently not suitable to really prove a therapeutical value. This minireview will summarize the current situation of 6 very prominent plant-derived anti-inflammatory compounds: curcumin, colchicine, resveratrol, capsaicin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and quercetin. We will highlight their clinical potential and/or pinpoint an overestimation. Moreover, we will sum up the planned trials in order to provide insights into the inflammatory disorders that are hypothesized to be beneficially influenced by the compound.

scholarly journals Involvement of Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and BDNF Up-Regulating Properties in the Antipsychotic-Like Effect of the Essential Oil of Alpinia Zerumbet in Mice: A Comparative Study With Olanzapine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Yvelize Ramos de Araújo ◽  
Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho ◽  
Adriana Mary Nunes ◽  
Gersilene Valente de Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia Xavier Lima Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Alpinia Zerumbet

Abstract The current drug therapy for schizophrenia effectively treats acute psychosis and its recurrence; however, this mental disorder’s cognitive and negative symptoms are still poorly controlled. Antipsychotics present important side effects, such as weight gain and extrapyramidal effects. The essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ) leaves presents potential antipsychotic properties that need further preclinical investigation. Here, we aimed to determine the effects of EAOZ in the prevention and reversal of schizophrenia-like symptoms (positive, negative, and cognitive) induced by ketamine (KET) repeated administration in mice and putative neurobiological mechanisms related to this effect. To this end, we evaluated antioxidant (GSH, nitrite levels), anti-inflammatory [interleukin (IL)-6], and neurotrophic [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)] effects of this oil in hippocampal tissue. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine (OLZ) was used as standard drug therapy. EOAZ, similarly to OLZ, prevented and reversed most KET-induced schizophrenia-like behavioral alterations, i.e., sensorimotor gating deficits and social impairment. EOAZ had a modest effect on the prevention of KET-associated working memory deficit. Compared to OLZ, EOAZ showed a more favorable side effects profile, inducing less cataleptic and weight gain changes. EOAZ efficiently protected the hippocampus against KET-induced oxidative imbalance, IL-6 increments, and BDNF impairment. In conclusion, our data add more mechanistic evidence for the anti-schizophrenia effects of EOAZ, based on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and BDNF up-regulating actions. The absence of significant side effects observed in current antipsychotic drug therapy seems to be an essential benefit of the oil.

Potential complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 605-614
Author(s):  
GD Corrigan ◽  
L Pantig-Felix ◽  
IO Kanat
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Since indomethacin was first marketed, some 40 years ago, the class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has grown larger than any other drug class in history. At present, there are at least 25 such drugs being used in the US and abroad, both clinically and in research. Despite their widespread use, their implications to health care are just beginning to be understood. The authors review updated theories on the mechanism of action, side effects, and drug interactions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Proposed guidelines for monitoring their use are given. A more thorough understanding of the risks-to-benefits ratio is provided in an effort to achieve maximum patient satisfaction and safety.

THE INFLUENCE OF ABSINTHE ON WORLD CULTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Beloglazov I.A. ◽  
Biryukova N.V. ◽  
Nesterova N.V.
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The authors of the work analyzed the sources that characterize the influence of absinthe on human culture. Absinthe, an alcoholic drink containing wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), was banned in the early 20th century due to unusual properties attributed to the side effects of drinking this alcohol. This review contains information about the history of the drink. On the one hand, absinthe left its mark in the culture as a “muse” for the creators, remaining forever imprinted in the works of various types of art, on the other hand, it became the main enemy for the most part of society because of the harmful properties that was characterized by researchers of the 19th century.

scholarly journals Release of Aloe vera Extracts from Therapeutic Lenses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9055
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pulliero ◽  
Aldo Profumo ◽  
Alberto Izzotti ◽  
Sergio Claudio Saccà
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Ocular Surgery ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Ocular Irritation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Microbial Agent

Aloe vera extracts have been used for drug therapy due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and epithelia-regenerative actions. Considering the possible adverse side effects on the corneal surface of anti-microbial agent administration after ocular surgery, it is of interest to identify the ability of Aloe vera extract release from a therapeutic lens to prevent ocular irritation. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different lens types on the availability and efficacy of releasing Aloe vera extracts in which they are soaked. Two lens types were examined: (1) non-ionic hydrogel lenses and (2) ionic hydrogel lenses. Aloe vera availability was quantified by LC–MS, and activity was quantified by a spectrophotometer (Nanodrop) at different times: (a) 30 min, (b) 60 min, (c) 2 h, (d) 6 h, and (e) 24 h. The lens allowing for the most abundant passage of Aloe vera extracts was the ionic hydrogel lens, followed by the non-ionic hydrogel lens. The obtained results demonstrate that the best lens allowing for the high and stable release of Aloe vera extract to the corneal surface are those composed of ionic hydrogels.

scholarly journals Epileptic Convulsions Probably Induced by Desloratadine, a Second-Generation H1-Antihistamine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonian Han ◽  
Xin Zan ◽  
Fengmei Xiong ◽  
Xiaojing Nie ◽  
Lirong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Probability Scale ◽  
H1 Antihistamines ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Epilepsy

Second-generation H1-antihistamines are generally considered to be safe. Here we describe a healthy boy who developed left-arm convulsions after repeated exposure to a dry suspension of desloratadine combined with Huatengzi granules. The boy had no family or disease history of epilepsy, convulsions, or any other drug therapy. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale was used to determine that the convulsions were probably related to desloratadine. Our findings suggest that desloratadine (a second-generation H1-antihistamine) can cause epileptic convulsions in healthy children, and so clinicians should be vigilant of the possibility of central side effects.

Fuzzy boundaries and tough decisions in psychiatry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanfried Helmchen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Condition Versus ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Disease Condition

In the field of mental disorders the boundaries between mental normality and disease are often blurred. Psychiatrists, being aware of the instrumental nature of psychiatric diagnoses, try to deal with these blurred boundaries by stipulating strict definitions of clinical categories, by operationalizing diagnoses, and by using evidence-based methods of production and algorithmic application of medical knowledge. However, the clinical uncertainties can only partially be reduced by these means, because the physician always has to consider the individuality of the patient as well as to find a helpful solution to the dilemma of not treating a treatable but only probable or even only possible disease condition versus treating a variation of normal behavior against the risk of obtaining unwanted side effects of drug therapy or stigmatization. As is shown in the chapter, subthreshold mental disorders provide illuminating illustrations of these limits of medical standardization.

scholarly journals Computational analysis of eugenol inhibitory activity in lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco das Chagas Pereira de Andrade ◽  
Anderson Nogueira Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gastric Irritation

Abstract Chronic inflammation is triggered by numerous diseases such as osteoarthritis, Crohn's disease and cancer. The control of the pro-inflammatory process can prevent, mitigate and/or inhibit the evolution of these diseases. Therefore, anti-inflammatory drugs have been studied as possible compounds to act in these diseases. This paper proposes a computational analysis of eugenol in relation to aspirin and diclofenac and analyzing the ADMET profile and interactions with COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes, important enzymes in the signaling pathway of pro-inflammatory processes. Through the analysis of ADMET in silico, it was found that the pharmacokinetic results of eugenol are similar to NSAIDs, such as diclofenac and aspirin. Bioinformatics analysis using coupling tests showed that eugenol can bind to COX-2 and 5-LOX. These results corroborate with different findings in the literature that demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity with less gastric irritation, bleeding and ulcerogenic side effects of eugenol. The results of bioinformatics reinforce studies that try to propose eugenol as an anti-inflammatory compound that can act in the COX-2/5-LOX pathways, replacing some NSAIDs in different diseases.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy and Gastric Side Effects

Drugs ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement 5) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dandona ◽  
J.Y. Jeremy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Natural History of Paclitaxel-associated Acute Pain Syndrome: A Case Report of Rare Side Effect of Paclitaxel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (C) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Siti Salima ◽  
Ali Budi Harsono ◽  
Aisyah Aisyah ◽  
Kemala Mantilidewi
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Rare Side Effect ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BACKGROUND: One of the harshest side effects following anticancer agent treatments is chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. After surgical staging, chemotherapy combination of paclitaxel carboplatin could be a choice of therapy for Stage II or more advanced stage of ovarian cancer. Different side effects may appear after the application of paclitaxel. CASE REPORT: Here, we show an uncommon case of paclitaxel-acute pain syndrome (P-APS), and how we deal with such cases according to our experiences. One uncommon side effect is P-APS, which can be treated effectively with the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid, and supportive therapy. CONCLUSION: One uncommon side effect of Paclitaxel induced neuropathic can be treated effectively with the administration of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid, and supportive therapy.

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