scholarly journals Design of Heat Exchanger for Ericsson-Brayton Piston Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Durcansky ◽  
Stefan Papucik ◽  
Jozef Jandacka ◽  
Michal Holubcik ◽  
Radovan Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
External Combustion ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

Combined power generation or cogeneration is a highly effective technology that produces heat and electricity in one device more efficiently than separate production. Overall effectiveness is growing by use of combined technologies of energy extraction, taking heat from flue gases and coolants of machines. Another problem is the dependence of such devices on fossil fuels as fuel. For the combustion turbine is mostly used as fuel natural gas, kerosene and as fuel for heating power plants is mostly used coal. It is therefore necessary to seek for compensation today, which confirms the assumption in the future. At first glance, the obvious efforts are to restrict the use of largely oil and change the type of energy used in transport. Another significant change is the increase in renewable energy—energy that is produced from renewable sources. Among machines gaining energy by unconventional way belong mainly the steam engine, Stirling engine, and Ericsson engine. In these machines, the energy is obtained by external combustion and engine performs work in a medium that receives and transmits energy from combustion or flue gases indirectly. The paper deals with the principle of hot-air engines, and their use in combined heat and electricity production from biomass and with heat exchangers as primary energy transforming element.

scholarly journals Myth v. Fact

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Reilly ◽  
Allison Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Business As Usual

This article predicts future global energy demand under a business-as-usual scenario. According to the MIT projections, conventional technology supported by fossil fuels will continue to dominate under a business-as-usual scenario. In fact, in the absence of climate policies that would impact energy prices, fossil fuels will supply nearly 80% of global primary energy demand in 2100. Alternative energy technologies will expand rapidly. Non-fossil fuel use will grow from 13% to 20% by 2100, with renewable electricity production expanding nearly tenfold and nuclear energy increasing by a factor of 8.5. However, those sources currently provide such a small share of the world's energy that even rapid growth is not enough to significantly displace fossil fuels. In spite of the growth in renewables, the projections indicate that coal will remain among the least expensive fuel sources. Non-fossil fuel alternatives, such as renewable energy and nuclear energy, will be between 40% and 80% more expensive than coal.

scholarly journals Combined Cycles Permit the Most Environmentally Benign Conversion of Fossil Fuels to Electricity

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenther Haupt ◽  
John S. Joyce ◽  
Konrad Kuenstle
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Steam Boiler

The environmental impact of unfired combined-cycle blocks of the GUD® type is compared with that of equivalent reheat steam boiler/turbine units. The outstandingly high efficiency of GUD blocks not only conserves primary-energy resources, but also commensurately reduces undesirable emissions and unavoidable heat rejection to the surroundings. In addition to conventional gas or oil-fired GUD blocks, integrated coal-gasification combined-cycle (ICG-GUD) blocks are investigated from an ecological point of view so as to cover the whole range of available fossil fuels. For each fuel and corresponding type of GUD power plant the most appropriate conventional steam-generating unit of most modern design is selected for comparison purposes. In each case the relative environmental impact is stated in the form of quantified emissions, effluents and waste heat, as well as of useful byproducts and disposable solid wastes. GUD blocks possess the advantage that they allow primary measures to be taken to minimize the production of NOx and SOx, whereas both have to be removed from the flue gases of conventional steam stations by less effective and desirable, albeit more expensive secondary techniques, e.g. flue-gas desulfurization and DENOX systems. In particular, the comparison of CO2 release reveals a significantly lower contribution by GUD blocks to the greenhouse effect than by other fossil-fired power plants.

scholarly journals Prioritizing Energy Sources to Generate Electricity (Application of Fuzzy Logic)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Bahareh Hashemlou ◽  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Arashk Masaeli ◽  
Mohammadhadi Hajian ◽  
Shima Javaheri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Day By Day

Organizations, institutions, and different sectors of manufacturing, services and agriculture are constantly making decisions. Each of the aforementioned sectors, have strategies, tactics, and various functions that play a basic role in reaching the objectives. On the other hand, energy demand in developing countries is increasing day by day. The exact calculation of the cost per unit of electricity generated by power plants is not easy. Therefore, this study according to four sources of natural gas, nuclear energy, renewable energy and other fossil fuels other than natural gas that are used in a variety of electricity production plants is trying to clarify the ranking of generation electricity approach using "fuzzy preference relations" analysis. Accordingly, three models were used and the results showed that natural gas, with regard to the four criteria of low investment cost, low power, lack of pollution and the safety and reliability of electrical energy has priority over other alternatives. Full preferred model results also suggested that the energy of natural gas, renewable energies, nuclear and other fossil fuels should be considered in a priority for power generation. Sensitivity analysis results moreover demonstrated that the above models are not affected by the threshold values ​​and the full stability of the models is observed.

Life Cycle Assessment of Modern Wind Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes M. Hapke ◽  
Karl R. Haapala ◽  
Zhaohui Wu ◽  
Ted K. A. Brekken
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Power generation for the existing electrical grid is largely based on the combustion of fossil fuels. Global concerns have been raised regarding the environmental sustainability of the system due to life cycle impacts, including land losses from fuel extraction and impacts of combustion emissions. An approach to reduce carbon emissions of fossil fuel-based energy employs the conversion of wind energy to electrical energy. The work presented describes modern wind power plants and provides an environmental assessment of a representative wind park from a life cycle perspective. The empirical analysis uses commercially available data, as well as information from an existing wind power plant. The life cycle assessment (LCA) study for a modern wind farm in the northwestern U.S. found that environmental benefits of avoiding typical electricity production greatly outweigh the impacts due to wind turbine construction and maintenance. Effects of component reliability, varying capacity factors, and energy portfolio are explored.

Perspective Analysis of Emerging Natural Gas-based Technology Options for Electricity Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurbakhash Bhander ◽  
Chun Wai Lee ◽  
Matthew Hakos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electrical Generation

Abstract The growing worldwide interest in low carbon electric generation technologies has renewed interest in natural gas because it is considered a cleaner burning and more flexible alternative to other fossil fuels. Recent shale gas developments have increased natural gas production and availability while lowering cost, allowing a shift to natural gas for electricity production to be a cost-effective option. Natural gas generation in the U.S. electricity sector has grown substantially in recent years (over 31 percent in 2012, up from 17 percent in 1990), while carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of the sector have generally declined. Natural gas-fired electrical generation offers several advantages over other fossil (e. g. coal, oil) fuel-fired generation. The combination of the lower carbon-to-hydrogen ratio in natural gas (compared to other fossil fuels) and the higher efficiency of natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants (using two thermodynamic cycles) than traditional fossil-fueled electric power generation (using a single cycle) results in less CO2 emissions per unit of electricity produced. Furthermore, natural gas combustion results in considerably fewer emissions of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter (PM). Natural gas is not the main option for deep de-carbonization. If deep reduction is prioritized, whether of the electricity sector or of the entire economy, there are four primary technologies that would be assumed to play a prominent role: energy efficiency equipment, nuclear power, renewable energy, and carbon capture and storage (CCS). However, natural gas with low carbon generation technologies can be considered a “bridge” to transition to these deep decarbonization options. This paper discusses the economics and environmental impacts, focusing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, associated with alternative electricity production options using natural gas as the fuel source. We also explore pairing NGCC with carbon capture, explicitly examining the costs and emissions of amine absorption, cryogenic carbon capture, carbonate fuel cells, and oxy-combustion.

scholarly journals On Some New Indicators for the Energo-Ecological Assessment of Thermo-Power Plants Operation

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea Cârdu ◽  
Arina Speranţa Negoiţescu ◽  
Dana Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
Qualitative Aspect ◽  
Polluting Emissions

The authors offer a critical analysis of pollution indicators currently applied for the ecological assessment of the thermo power plant's operation. They forward new “energo-ecological” indicators to highlight both the qualitative aspect of polluting emissions and their quantitative aspect, by relating their concentration in the flue gases purged into the atmosphere to the energy produced during the same interval. The application of these indicators contributes to the attenuation of the global warming phenomenon and to the protection of the world's resources of fossil fuels.

Design and Implementation of an Efficient Biomass Drier System for a Wood Gasification Based Power Plant

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 4772-4779
Author(s):  
Kumar Ashlesh ◽  
Rohit Vadera ◽  
K. Ramachandra
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Hot Air

The use of woody biomass gasification based power plants to generate electricity is on the rise with the fast depletion of fossil fuels and ever increasing energy demands. An important sub-system of such a plant is the drier which is used to reduce the moisture content of biomass to an optimum level for trouble free and optimum performance of the gasification system. This work concerns with the design, development and implementation of a drier system which utilizes waste heat available from the power plant to dry biomass. The drier designed is simple yet effective in capturing the waste heat from the engine exhaust as well as the radiator hot air. The drier is also easy to implement in rural areas.

scholarly journals Why did President Donald Trump Withdraw from the Paris Agreement on Global Climate Change?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Production Processes

The Paris Agreement on combating global climate change expresses the consensus of almost all countries in the world on the awareness of the unpredictable dangers of global climate change. We all have to work together to execute the necessary solutions to fight global climate change. Human-induced CO2 is a fundamental part of the global greenhouse effect, so must be handling sources of CO2 emissions into the earth’s atmosphere. From electricity production processes using fossil fuels releases huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the environment, which is the main reason for global climate change. In the meantime, until now, people have not had effective solutions to thoroughly treat industrial emissions. Therefore, we must quickly eliminate all thermal power plants with fossil fuels, and must quickly deploy renewable energy production processes.

scholarly journals Pathways to bring the costs down of floating offshore wind farms in the Atlantic Area

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Cartelle-Barros ◽  
David Cordal-Iglesias ◽  
Eugenio Baita-Saavedra ◽  
Almudena Filgueira-Vizoso ◽  
Bernardino Couñago-Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Atlantic Area

Abstract. Every nations' development lies on the electricity production, since it facilitates life and development of their society (heating, lighting, etc.). Nevertheless, conventional power plants, which use fossil fuels, cause environmental impacts, such as global warming, acidification, eutrophication, among many others. In addition, these conventional resources generate a dependence of external providers, which obstructs the progress of the developing countries. Renewable energies came to solve part of these problems. In this context, wind energy is one the technologies with more expansion all over the world. Offshore locations have a better wind resource than onshore ones and their exploitation is lower. The objective of this work is to present a holistic approach to assess the feasibility of a floating offshore wind farms in a life cycle perspective. The methodology proposed analyses the Net Present Value, the Internal Rate of Return, the Payback Period and the Levelized Cost of Energy of the farm. The case study is built based on a disruptive floating spar-type platform called TELWIND®, to be implemented in the Atlantic Area region. Results indicate how important these parameters are in economic terms and shows the pathways to reduce the costs of this type of infrastructures Furthermore, the methodology proposed allows the selection of the best region where a floating offshore wind farm can be installed. Finally, this study can be useful for Governments and relevant authorities to determine the best location of a floating offshore wind farm and develop the roadmap of offshore wind in their country.

Problems and Risks of Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Wind Power Plants

The article analyzes the problems and risks of new-fangled renewable energy sources in the 21st century, which can radically change the energy picture of the world and to a certain extent reduce the risk of climate change. However, energy generation from wind is usually available 25—35% of the time, from the sun — 10—25%.Renewable energy sources (RES) face the problem of accumulating or supporting capacities that should replace the unstable generation of RES at the time of inevitable failures. RES cannot exist without excess reserve capacities on traditional energy carriers that can quickly increase and reduce electricity production. Abandoning hydrocarbons in the next 30—50 years looks unrealistic if countries want to maintain their competitiveness. The growth of the share of RES in the global energy balance is an extremely politicized phenomenon.The development of renewable generation creates risks for consumers. Especially for large ones. One of these risks is associated with the intermittent, unstable nature of renewable generation, which in recent years has been understood mainly as solar and wind power plants. In addition, to produce more solar panels, wind turbines and batteries for electric vehicles, humanity will need more specific resources — rare earth metals. The production of these metals is unsafe for the environment. It involves the consumption of a huge amount of water and electrical energy.Renewable energy sources may dominate, but it will take centuries. Demand is already growing, but fossil fuels will live long enough.

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