scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis of Entomoparasitic Nematodes, Potential Control Agents of Flea Populations in Natural Foci of Plague

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Koshel ◽  
V. V. Aleshin ◽  
G. A. Eroshenko ◽  
V. V. Kutyrev
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Propagation Rate ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Entomoparasitic Nematodes

Entomoparasitic nematodes are natural control agents for many insect pests, including fleas that transmitYersinia pestis, a causative agent of plague, in the natural foci of this extremely dangerous zoonosis. We examined the flea samples from the Volga-Ural natural focus of plague for their infestation with nematodes. Among the six flea species feeding on different rodent hosts (Citellus pygmaeus,Microtus socialis, andAllactaga major), the rate of infestation varied from 0 to 21%. The propagation rate of parasitic nematodes in the haemocoel of infected fleas was very high; in some cases, we observed up to 1,000 juveniles per flea specimen. Our study of morphology, life cycle, and rDNA sequences of these parasites revealed that they belong to three distinct species differing in the host specificity. On SSU and LSU rRNA phylogenies, these species representing three genera (Rubzovinema,Psyllotylenchus, andSpilotylenchus), constitute a monophyletic group close to Allantonema and Parasitylenchus, the type genera of the families Allantonematidae and Parasitylenchidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida). We discuss the SSU-ITS1-5.8S-LSU rDNA phylogeny of the Tylenchida with a special emphasis on the suborder Hexatylina.

Virulence, cultivating conditions, and phylogenetic analyses of oomycete parasites in Daphnia

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (14) ◽  
pp. 1667-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. WOLINSKA ◽  
K. C. KING ◽  
F. VIGNEUX ◽  
C. M. LIVELY
Keyword(s):  
Food Webs ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Aquatic Food Webs ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
The Stability

SUMMARYWe describe the infectivity, virulence, cultivating conditions, and phylogenetic positions of naturally occurring oomycete parasites of Daphnia, invertebrates which play a major role in aquatic food webs. Daphnia pulex individuals were found dead and covered by oomycete mycelia when exposed to pond sediments. We were able to extract 4 oomycete isolates from dead Daphnia and successfully cultivate them. Using the ITS and LSU rDNA sequences, we further showed these isolates to be distinct species. The isolates were experimentally demonstrated to be parasitic and not saprobic. After exposure to the parasites, Daphnia mortality was much higher than that reported for Daphnia infected with other known parasite species. Therefore, it is likely that oomycete parasites are important selective pressures in natural Daphnia populations. Moreover, their close phylogenetic relationship to parasites of fish and algae suggests that the stability of aquatic food webs (i.e. fish–Daphnia–algae) might be influenced by the shared parasite communities.

scholarly journals Taxonomic Transfer of the Red Algal Genus Gloiosaccion to Chrysymenia (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodymeniales), Including the Description of a New Species, Chrysymenia pseudoventricosa, for the Gulf of Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Schmidt ◽  
Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel ◽  
Suzanne L. Fredericq
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Genus ◽  
A New Species

Gloiosaccion Harvey, with type G. brownii (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodymeniales), is a red algal genus characterized by the presence of large, hollow and saccate vesicle-shaped thalli arising from small solid axes. Whereas Gloiosaccion has traditionally been viewed as being closely related to Botryocladia (Agardh) Kylin, a multi-marker phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast-encoded rbcL and UPA and nuclear LSU rDNA sequences instead places Gloiosaccion brownii and G. pumila in the Chrysymenia clade that includes the generitype C. ventricosa (Lamouroux) J. Agardh. Gloiosaccion is reduced to synonymy with Chrysymenia J. Agardh, a taxonomic move first advocated by De Toni in 1900. In addition to C. brownii (Harvey) De Toni, “Gloiosaccion” brownii var. firmum Harvey and “G.” pumilum J. Agardh are recognized as the distinct species Chrysymenia coriacea comb. et stat. nov. and C. pumila (J. Agardh) Weber-van Bosse, respectively. A new species, C. pseudoventricosa sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate specimens going under the name C. ventricosa (J.V. Lamouroux) J. Agardh from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea.

Mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA data do not support the separation of the Antarctic lichens Umbilicaria kappenii and Umbilicaria antarctica as distinct species

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sieglinde OTT ◽  
Marcus BRINKMANN ◽  
Nora WIRTZ ◽  
H. Thorsten LUMBSCH
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Group A ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Combined Data

The Antarctic endemics Umbilicariakappenii and U. antarctica are morphologically close, but mainly distinguished by their reproductive strategies. Umbilicaria antarctica propagates by means of thalloconidia. Umbilicaria kappenii lacks thalloconidia, but exhibits a variety of asexual propagules: soredia, adventive lobes and thallyles. We have now employed molecular data from three gene regions to examine the phylogenetic relationships of these two morphotypes. The phylogeny of ten samples and four outgroup taxa (Umbilicaria decussata, U. krascheninnikovii, U. nylanderiana, U. umbilicarioides) was reconstructed using Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses of a combined data set of nuclear ITS, nuclear LSU rDNA and mitochondrial LSU rDNA sequences. Forty two new partial sequences of 14 specimens were generated. Our results indicate that all samples morphologically referred to U. antarctica and U. kappenii form a monophyletic group. A topology separating the two morphotypes as phylogenetic species is significantly rejected with the data set. It is proposed to place U. kappenii into synonymy with U. antarctica.

Panagrellus levitatus sp. n. (Rhabditida: Panagrolaimidae), a nematode suppressing Drosophila melanogaster in laboratory cultures

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Ksenia Perfilieva ◽  
Sergei Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
New Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Laboratory Culture ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
First Time

A new nematode species recovered from the laboratory culture ofDrosophila melanogasteris described and illustrated. The mass reproduction ofPanagrellus levitatussp. n. in the fly culture occurred several times and resulted in a significant reduction of the fly population. Nematode outbreaks happened after the introduction ofD. melanogasterto the culture from natural sources. The new species is morphologically similar toP. ulmi. Partial LSU rDNA and SSU rDNA sequences were obtained and subjected to phylogenetic analysis that demonstrated the affinity of the new species withPanagrellussp. ‘MC2014’ from a red palm weevil. For the first time, the dauer juveniles ofPanagrelluswere described.

A natural classification of Lasiosphaeria based on nuclear LSU rDNA sequences

2004 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Miller ◽  
Sabine M. Huhndorf
Keyword(s):  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Rdna Sequences

scholarly journals EPIDEMIC AND EPIZOOTIC SITUATION OF NATURAL-FOCAL ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS IN VLADIMIR REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
A. A. Martsev ◽  
V. M. Rudakova ◽  
A. V. Ilina
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Zoonotic Infections ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Aim. Assessment of the epidemiological and epizootic situation and the degree of danger of the territory of Vladimir region in terms of a complex of natural focal zoonotic infections. Materials and methods. In the work, a retrospective analysis of statistical data on the incidence of zooanthroponosis in the population, obtained from Reporting Form No. 2 «Information on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases» of Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir Region for the period 1958 - 2016 was conducted. Studies of biological material for the presence of pathogens of natural focal infections were conducted in the laboratory of natural focal and especially dangerous infections of Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Vladimir Region. Results. It is established that the following natural focal diseases are registered in the territory of the Vladimir region: rabies, heemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), tick-borne borreliosis (ТВВ), leptospirosis, pseudotuberculosis and tularemia. The largest share in the structure of morbidity falls on HFRS and ТВВ. Annual laboratory studies of biological material for the presence of pathogens of natural focal infections indicate the presence of epizootics among rodent mice, the dominant species among which is the red vole. The ratio of men to women with HFRS is about 3 to 1, the main risk factors for transmission are harvesting in summer cottages and visiting forest areas. As for the ТВВ, in the region there are persistent natural foci of this infection. It was established that there is no territorial dependence between the incidence and «riches» of the territory, and the main epidemiological significance is the iksodid mites I.ricinus and I.persulcatus. Conclusion. The cartographic mapping of the registered incidence allowed to show the territories with different degree of epidemic manifestation for individual natural-focal diseases and for a complex of morbidity in general. Positive laboratory results indicate epizootic activity and a constant risk of exacerbation of the epidemic situation of zooanthroponous infections, and the absence of human morbidity over a number of years is not evidence of the attenuation of the natural focus of infection and the basis for the curtailment of preventive measures.

scholarly journals REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE NOSOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Carnivores

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, the epizootological profile is formed by 8 nosological forms of infectious pathology of farm animals. The dominant epizootic significance is rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis. Rabies was registered in 8 (38.1 %) rural administrative districts of the republic and in the urban district of Ulan-Ude. In the total number of cases of rabies, the disease of farm animals occupies 48.3%, domestic carnivores-3.9, and in 47.6% of cases, epizootic foci began among wild animals. The main reservoir of the rabies virus is the wild fox: 46.2 % in the total number of cases and 97.1 % - in autochthonous epizootic foci. Leptospirosis in the conditions of Buryatia is an indigenous natural focal infection with a pronounced indicator of epizootic manifestation in the form of infection of animals without clinical signs. It is registered in 11 (52.4 %) rural administrative districts of the republic in 1.5 % of cattle and 0.6% of horses. The unfavorable situation with bovine brucellosis persisted from 2009 to 2018, 26 unfavorable points were registered. In the Jida district, 5 km from the state border with Mongolia, brucellosis was first registered in a dog. In this area, the corridor of migration of wild animals across the border passes, which confirms the assumption of the existence of natural foci of brucellosis in the transboundary territories of Russia and Mongolia and the introduction of the pathogen from the natural focus to the territory of the buffer zone farms.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Molluscan Mitochondrial LSU rDNA Sequences and Secondary Structures

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Lydeard ◽  
Wallace E. Holznagel ◽  
Murray N. Schnare ◽  
Robin R. Gutell
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Secondary Structures ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences

Molecular and morphological characterisation of Cryptaphelenchus baujardi n. sp. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae), a new species based on two populations from Iran

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Aliramaji ◽  
Esmaeil Miraeiz ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Ramin Heydari
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
Two Populations

Summary Cryptaphelenchus baujardi n. sp. is described and illustrated based on two populations from Golestan province, northern Iran. The new species is characterised by female and male body length of 224 (190-261) and 215 (195-229) μm, respectively, offset cephalic region with a shallow constriction, delicate stylet 6.6 (6.0-7.0) μm long, four incisures in the lateral field, presence of a rudimentary post-uterine sac in the female gonoduct, elongate-conoid female tail ending in an acute to finely rounded terminus, male tail conical, male with seven caudal papillae and delicate spicules. The new species shows a strong resemblance to C. varicaudatus and C. iranicus, but has a sclerotised mass near the tip of the spicule and an indistinct spermatheca. Phylogenetic analyses based on both partial SSU and LSU rDNA sequences confirm its status as a new taxon.

scholarly journals Colletotrichum isolates related to Anthracnose of cashew trees in Brazil: morphological and molecular description using LSU rDNA sequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Queijeiro Lopez ◽  
John Alexander Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
D2 Domain ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Molecular Description ◽  
28S Ribosomal Dna

Thirty six isolates of fungi obtained from anthracnose lesions of cashew and associated host plants in Brazil, were compared by their cultural, morphological and partial sequences of the 28S ribosomal DNA characters. They showed a high degree of cultural variability. The average mycelial growth rate on all tested media ranged from 10.2-13.3 mm/day between the isolates. Most of them produced perithecia (sterile and fertile) and some produced setae (sterile and fertile). All the isolates produced acervuli with predominantly cylindrical conidia (12.4-17.7 µmX 4.8-6.0 µm in width) with round ends, which became septate on germination, and produced unlobed or slightlylobed appressoria. Comparison of the D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences with those of other defined species of Colletotrichum and Glomerella grouped 35 of the isolates with known strains of C. gloeosporioides from different hosts (> 98.9% homology). The one exception (LARS 921) was identical to G. cingulata (LARS 238) from Vigna unguiculata.

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