scholarly journals Perineal Distensibility Using Epi-no in Twin Pregnancies: Comparative Study with Singleton Pregnancies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Sayuri Kubotani ◽  
Antonio Fernandes Moron ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Miriam Raquel Diniz Zanetti ◽  
Vanessa Cardoso Marques Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

The aims of this study were to compare perineal distensibility between women with twin and singleton pregnancies and to correlate these women’s perineal distensibility with anthropometric data. This prospective cross-sectional case-control study was conducted among nulliparous women, of whom 20 were pregnant with twins and 23 with a single fetus. Perineal distensibility was evaluated in the third trimester by means of Epi-no, which was introduced into the vagina and inflated up to the maximum tolerable limit. It was then withdrawn while inflated and its circumference was measured. The unpaired Student’s t-test was used to compare perineal distensibility in the two groups and Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was used to correlate the pregnant women’s perineal distensibility with their anthropometric data. There was no difference in perineal distensibility between the twin group (16.51 ± 2.05 cm) and singleton group (16.13 ± 1.67 cm) (P=0.50). There was a positive correlation between perineal distensibility and abdominal circumference (r=0.36; P=0.01). The greater the abdominal circumference was, the greater the perineal distensibility was, regardless of whether the pregnancy was twin or singleton.

scholarly journals Nerve growth factor is closely related to glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the second trimester: a case–control study in Chinese

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Tang ◽  
Mingjuan Luo ◽  
Wenqian Lu ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective Inflammation-related factors have been shown to play a significant role throughout pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships between selected inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes (GDM) in Chinese pregnant women. Design and methods This was a 1:1 matched case–control study that included 200 pairs of subjects in the second trimester and 130 pairs of subjects in the third trimester. Serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The associations of these inflammatory factors with metabolic parameters were analysed. Results In the second trimester, GDM patients had higher NGF levels and lower IL-8 levels than did normal controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively). However, in the third trimester, only lower leptin levels were observed in the GDM group (P = 0.031). Additionally, in the second trimester, NGF levels were not only positively associated with fasting, 1-h and 2-h glucose levels and the area under curve of glucose, but also positively related to insulin sensitivity and secretion, as suggested by fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment index of β-cell secretion (HOMA-β) (all P < 0.05). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, and TNF-α levels were positively related to HOMA-IR (all P < 0.05). Except for the relationships between NGF and HOMA-β and TNF-α and HOMA-IR, the other correlations still existed even after adjusting for confounding factors (all P < 0.05). Conclusion In addition to the positive associations of IL-6 and leptin with insulin resistance and secretion, NGF was higher in the GDM patients and strongly linked to glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function in Chinese pregnant women in the second trimester.

Assessment of maternal Doppler parameters of ophthalmic artery in fetuses with growth restriction in the third trimester of pregnancy: A case-control study

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1330-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayana Alves De Brito Melo ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior ◽  
Talita Micheletti Helfer ◽  
Ana Carolina Rabachini Caetano ◽  
Ana Cristina Perez Zamarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Twin fetal facial expressions at 30–33+6 weeks of gestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 963-968
Author(s):  
Emiko Nitta ◽  
Kenji Kanenishi ◽  
Nobuhiro Mori ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Mostafa AboEllail ◽  
Toshiyuki Hata
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Fetal Brain Development ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract Objective To assess the characteristics of twin fetal facial expressions at 30–33 + 6 weeks of gestation using four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound to clarify twin fetal brain development and maturation. Methods Frequencies of seven fetal facial expressions were studied using 4D ultrasound for 15 minutes in 30 singleton pregnancies and 18 twin pregnancies [four monochorionic diamniotic (MD) and 14 dichorionic diamniotic (DD) twins] at 30–33 + 6 weeks of gestation. Comparison of the frequency in each facial expression was performed between singleton and twin fetuses. Results Mouthing was the most frequent facial expression at 30–33 + 6 weeks of gestation, followed by blinking in twin and singleton fetuses. Both facial expressions were significantly more frequent than other expressions (P < 0.05). The frequencies of mouthing and scowling in twin fetuses were significantly lower than those in singleton fetuses, but there were no significant differences in the frequencies of the five other facial expressions between the fetal groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that restricted twin fetal behavior before 20 weeks of gestation may still affect the frequencies of twin facial expressions early in the third trimester of pregnancy. Moreover, the frequencies of facial expressions in twins are different from those of singleton fetuses.

scholarly journals Nerve Growth Factor is Closely Related to Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in the Second Trimester: A Case-Control Study in Chinese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Tang ◽  
Mingjuan Luo ◽  
Wenqian Lu ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: Inflammation-related factors have been shown to play a significant role throughout pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships between selected inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes (GDM) in Chinese pregnant women.Design and Methods: This was a 1:1 matched case-control study that included 200 pairs of subjects in the second trimester and 130 pairs of subjects in the third trimester. Serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The associations of these inflammatory factors with metabolic parameters were analysed.Results: In the second trimester, GDM patients had higher NGF levels and lower IL-8 levels than did normal controls (P<0.001 and P=0.015, respectively). However, in the third trimester, only lower leptin levels were observed in the GDM group (P=0.031). Additionally, in the second trimester, NGF levels were not only positively associated with fasting, 1-h and 2-h glucose levels and the area under curve of glucose (AUCG), but also positively related to insulin sensitivity and secretion, as suggested by fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment index of β-cell secretion (HOMA-β) (all P<0.05). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, and TNF-α levels were positively related to HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). Except for the relationships between NGF and HOMA-β and TNF-α and HOMA-IR, the other correlations still existed even after adjusting for confounding factors (all P< 0.05). Conclusion: In addition to the positive associations of IL-6 and leptin with insulin resistance and secretion, NGF was higher in the GDM patients and strongly linked to glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function in Chinese pregnant women in the second trimester.

scholarly journals Nerve growth factor is closely related to glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the second trimester:a case-control study in Chinese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Tang ◽  
Mingjuan Luo ◽  
Wenqian Lu ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective Inflammation-related factors have been shown to play a significant role throughout pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships between selected inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes (GDM) in Chinese pregnant women. Design and Methods This was a 1:1 matched case-control study that included 200 pairs of subjects in the second trimester and 130 pairs of subjects in the third trimester. Serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The associations of these inflammatory factors with metabolic parameters were analysed. Results In the second trimester, GDM patients had higher NGF levels and lower IL-8 levels than did normal controls ( P <0.001 and P =0.015, respectively). However, in the third trimester, only lower leptin levels were observed in the GDM group ( P =0.031). Additionally, in the second trimester, NGF levels were not only positively associated with fasting, 1-h and 2-h glucose levels and the area under curve of glucose (AUCG), but also positively related to insulin sensitivity and secretion, as suggested by fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment index of β-cell secretion (HOMA-β) (all P <0.05). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, and TNF-α levels were positively related to HOMA-IR (all P <0.05). Except for the relationships between NGF and HOMA-β and TNF-α and HOMA-IR, the other correlations still existed even after adjusting for confounding factors (all P < 0.05). Conclusion In addition to the positive associations of IL-6 and leptin with insulin resistance and secretion, NGF was higher in the GDM patients and strongly linked to glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function in Chinese pregnant women in the second trimester.

scholarly journals Serum vitamin D3 levels in pregnant women with preeclampsia at third trimester of pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Anas Sadek ◽  
Rayah Baban ◽  
May Al-Habib ◽  
Enas Khazaali
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitamin D3 Deficiency ◽  
Control Study

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific condition, characterized by high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. One of the hypotheses concerning the etiology of PE is vitamin D3 deficiency during pregnancy. Vitamin D3 is especially important during pregnancy as low maternal vitamin D3 stores may contribute to problems like low birth weight as well as an increased risk of maternal comorbidities. Objectives: To evaluate serum vitamin D3 levels and how they can be affected by the severity of PE at the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: This case-control study included a total of 71 pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy (41 with PE and 30 without PE as controls). Vitamin D3 serum level was measured by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The study’s findings showed no significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level (p>0.05) between controls (14.41±1.41ng/ml) and PE patients (14.32±1.00). As well, subgroup analysis revealed non-considerable changes between mild PE cases (15.92±1.73 ng/ml) and severe ones (13.07±1.09 ng/ml). Conclusions: PE and its severity may have no significant effect on serum vitamin D3 levels of pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Untargeted analysis of plasma samples from pre-eclamptic women reveals polar and apolar changes in the metabolome

Metabolomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin N. Sander ◽  
Dong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Catharine A. Ortori ◽  
Averil Y. Warren ◽  
Uchenna C. Anyanwagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Biochemical Pathology ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive gestational disorder that affects approximately 5% of all pregnancies. Objectives As the pathophysiological processes of pre-eclampsia are still uncertain, the present case–control study explored underlying metabolic processes characterising this disease. Methods Maternal peripheral plasma samples were collected from pre-eclamptic (n = 32) and healthy pregnant women (n = 35) in the third trimester. After extraction, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics was used to profile polar and apolar metabolites and the resulting data were analysed via uni- and multivariate statistical approaches. Results The study demonstrated that the metabolome undergoes substantial changes in pre-eclamptic women. Amongst the most discriminative metabolites were hydroxyhexacosanoic acid, diacylglycerols, glycerophosphoinositols, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolites, bile acids and products of amino acid metabolism. Conclusions The putatively identified compounds provide sources for novel hypotheses to help understanding of the underlying biochemical pathology of pre-eclampsia.

scholarly journals Nerve growth factor is closely related to glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the second trimester: a case-control study in Chinese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyang Tang ◽  
Mingjuan Luo ◽  
Wenqian Lu ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Wei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective: Inflammation-related factors have been shown to play a significant role throughout pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to explore the relationships between selected inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes (GDM) in Chinese pregnant women.Design and Methods: This was a 1:1 matched case-control study that included 200 pairs of subjects in the second trimester and 130 pairs of subjects in the third trimester. Serum levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, Interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The associations of these inflammatory factors with metabolic parameters were analysed.Results: In the second trimester, GDM patients had higher NGF levels and lower IL-8 levels than did normal controls (P<0.001 and P=0.015, respectively). However, in the third trimester, only lower leptin levels were observed in the GDM group (P=0.031). Additionally, in the second trimester, NGF levels were not only positively associated with fasting, 1-h and 2-h glucose levels and the area under curve of glucose (AUCG), but also positively related to insulin sensitivity and secretion, as suggested by fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment index of β-cell secretion (HOMA-β) (all P<0.05). Moreover, IL-6 and leptin levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, and TNF-α levels were positively related to HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). Except for the relationships between NGF and HOMA-β and TNF-α and HOMA-IR, the other correlations still existed even after adjusting for confounding factors (all P< 0.05).Conclusion: In addition to the positive associations of IL-6 and leptin with insulin resistance and secretion, NGF was higher in the GDM patients and strongly linked to glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell function in Chinese pregnant women in the second trimester.

Anti-mullerian hormone concentration during the third trimester of pregnancy and puerperium: a longitudinal case–control study in normal and diabetic pregnancy

Endocrine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Gerli ◽  
Alessandro Favilli ◽  
Annalisa Brozzetti ◽  
Elisabetta Torlone ◽  
Brunella Pugliese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Pregnancy ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Study
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