scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Urinary Tract Infections among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Makurdi, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Adémólá Anígilájé ◽  
Terkaa Terrumun Bitto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Age And Sex

Background. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) are prone to urinary tract infection (UTI).Methods/Objectives.The prevalence and the predictors of UTI among children with CP were compared to age- and sex-matched children without CP at Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, Nigeria, from December 2011 to May 2013.Results. The age range was between 2 and 15 years with a mean age of years including 30 males and 22 females. UTI was confirmed in 20 (38.5%) CP children compared to 2 children (3.8%) without CP ( value 0.000). Among CP children,Escherichia coliwas the commonest organism isolated in 9 (9/20, 45.0%),Streptococcus faecalisin 4 (20.0%), andStaphylococcus aureusin 3 (15%), while bothProteus spp.andKlebsiella spp.were isolated in 2 children (10.0%) each.Escherichia coliwas also found in the 2 children without CP. All the organisms were resistant to cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, and amoxiclav, while they were 100% sensitive to ceftriaxone and the quinolones. In a univariate regression analysis, only moderate to severe gross motor dysfunction predicted the risk of UTI (, 95% CI, 2.27–1324.00, value 0.014).Conclusion. Efforts should be put in place to aid mobility among CP children in order to reduce the risk of UTI.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns of Common Bacterial Species Associated with Urinary Tract Infections in Patients Attending Kam Medical and Diagnostic Centre, Kampala Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gerald Turyatunga
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp ◽  
Diagnostic Centre ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as the presence of microbial pathogens within the urinary tract. It is primarily caused by Escherichia coli (E.coli), accounting for 75% of all bacterial UTI cases. Bacteria such Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis have also been reported as causative agents. The study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Uropathogenic bacteria in urine samples of patients with suspected UTI in Kam Medical and the diagnostic Centre.  Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study where 120 urinary samples from Kam Medical and Diagnostic Centre in 2019. The urine specimens were cultured on CLED (Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte – Deficient) and blood agar media. Kirby-Bauer’s standard disk diffusion method was applied to test the susceptibility of the drug for Mueller-Hinton culture agar plates. Results: All 120 patients suspected of UTI had bacterial pathogen causing UTI. Among the urinary pathogens, Escherichia coli was the most common in 85/120 (70.8%) of the patients followed by S.aureus 13/120 (10.8 %), Klebsiella spp 4/120 (9.2%), Enterococcus spp with 4/120 3.3 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 4/120 (3.3%) and Proteus with 3/120 (2.5%). According to the results of the antibiogram, the highest resistance was observed for Nalidixic acid (64.2%), Ampicillin (61.7%), and Cotrimoxazole (54.2 %). The highest susceptibility (antibiotic sensitivity) was observed with imipenem (97.5%), Nitrofurantoin (49.2 %), Ciprofloxacin (45.8%), and Clotrimazole (44.2 %) Conclusion and recommendations:  The bacterial pathogens associated with UTIs in this study were E.coli species, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus species, Pseudomonas species, and Proteus species. E.coli was the most common isolate followed by S.aureus, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Enterococcus spp, and lastly Proteus spp. The highest levels of bacterial resistance were recorded against first-generation antibiotic drugs. Bacterial isolates in this study were highly susceptible to broad-spectrum, second/ third generation antibiotics drugs.

scholarly journals Urinary Excretion and Bactericidal Activities of Gemifloxacin and Ofloxacin after a Single Oral Dose in Healthy Volunteers

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 3524-3530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph K. Naber ◽  
Michaela Hammer ◽  
Martina Kinzig-Schippers ◽  
Christian Sauber ◽  
Fritz Sörgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Cumulative Excretion

ABSTRACT In a randomized crossover study, 16 volunteers (8 men, 8 women) received single oral doses of 320 mg of gemifloxacin and 400 mg of ofloxacin on two separate occasions in the fasting state to assess the urinary excretion and urinary bactericidal titers (UBTs) at intervals for up to 144 h. Ofloxacin showed higher concentrations in urine compared with those of gemifloxacin. The median (range) cumulative excretion of gemifloxacin was 29.7% (8.4 to 48.7%) of the parent drug administered, and median (range) cumulative excretion of ofloxacin was 84.3% (46.5 to 95.2%) of the parent drug administered. The UBTs, i.e., the highest twofold dilutions (with antibiotic-free urine as the diluent) of urine that were still bactericidal, were determined for a reference strain and nine uropathogens for which the MICs of gemifloxacin and ofloxacin were as follows:Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 0.016 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml, respectively; Proteus mirabilis, 0.125 and 0.125 μg/ml, respectively; Escherichia coli, 0.06 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 1 and 4 μg/ml, respectively; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.008 and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively; Enterococcus faecalis, 0.06 and 2 μg/ml, respectively;Staphylococcus aureus, 0.25 and 4 μg/ml, respectively;Enterococcus faecalis, 0.5 and 32 μg/ml, respectively; and Staphylococcus aureus, 2 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. Generally, the UBTs for gram-positive uropathogens were higher for gemifloxacin than for ofloxacin and the UBTs for gram-negative uropathogens were higher for ofloxacin than for gemifloxacin. According to the UBTs, ofloxacin-resistant uropathogens (MICs, ≥4 mg/liter) should also be considered gemifloxacin resistant. Although clinical trials have shown that gemifloxacin is effective for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, whether an oral dosage of 320 mg of gemifloxacin once daily is also adequate for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections has yet to be confirmed.

scholarly journals Changing pattern of resistant pathogens causing urinary tract infections in Karachi

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
H Najmul ◽  
A Tanveer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

INTRODUCTION: The study under view is based under the aim to investigate the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of pathogens, causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), to antibiotics commonly used in routine medication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of 10 months 100 isolates were collected for the determination of their susceptibility to chosen antibiotics, from a laboratory (MedPath Laboratories) in urban area of Karachi. All Gramnegative and Gram-positive urinary tract pathogens were re-identified by their morphological and biochemical characteristics and the susceptibility to seven antibiotics was determined. RESULTS: Pathogens were found as, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona spp, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococci spp. In recent study, more than half of the Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to one or more of the all antimicrobial drugs tested. Resistance was most common to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ofloxacin, cefixime, followed by gentamicin. Our results indicate that Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp. were the most common organisms causing UTI. Other organisms involved were Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. Increasing patterns of resistant to gentamicin, and ofloxacin were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, pattern of antibiotic susceptibility to first line antibiotics is changing hence antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all isolates is crucial for the treatment of UTI. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v2i3.8069 Int J Infect Microbiol 2013;2(3):99-104  

scholarly journals Incidence of Urinary Tract Infections among Adolescent and Adult Women

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Adolescent Women ◽  
Tract Infections

This study was to determine the bacteria that are prevalent in Urinary tract infections and the sensitivity of organisms isolated from the urine of adolescent and adult women of 8- 52 years old in Ogbete Coal camp in Enugu metropolis, south east Nigeria. A total of 218 individuals, both in and out patients were investigated, 197 (90.3%) women were diagnosed for Urinary tract infections. Therefore, incidence of UTI were prevalent in the age groups of 13-17 and 18-22, with P value (p=0.047 and S.D of ± 5.6). The microorganisms implicated in infection were bacteria, fungi, yeast and protozoa. Among the bacteria, two were identified as Gram positive cocci i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, while Gram negative bacilli were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas areuginosa. Yeast like fungus Candida albican, protozoan (Trichomonasvaginalis) was also identified. The isolated organism which was prevalent was Staphylococcus aureus (48.2%); followed by Escherichia coli (34.5%). Also, Pseudomonas aureuginosa, Proteus and Klebsiella were isolated. Factors responsible for frequent cases of Urinary tract infections among diagnosed women include shortness of urethra among the females, lack of personal hygiene, sexual intercourse, socio economic challenges in various homes and others. Sensitivity profiles revealed that Augumentin was highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus (65%) while Escherichia coli were highly resistant to commonly used drugs such as Ampicillin, and Cloxacillin while Gentamycin was the most active against bacteria isolates. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Adolescent Women, Antimicrobial Sensitivity, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli

scholarly journals Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas aisladas de muestras clínicas en el laboratorio del Hospital General Dr. Liborio Panchana Sotomayor

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Patricia Suárez González
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Santa Elena ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

    La causa principal de la resistencia es el abuso de los antimicrobianos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la resistencia antimicrobiana en aislamientos bacterianos de muestras biológicas de pacientes que acuden al hospital de Santa Elena (Ecuador) en 2017. Se efectuó un estudio retrospectivo correspondiente a los principales agentes infecciosos aislados de muestras de pacientes del área de la Península de Santa Elena. Las cepas aisladas fueron analizadas por el método difusión Kirby-Bauer. Escherichia coli se destacó como principal agente causal, seguida por Klebsiella spp. Se aislaron en mayor proporción de infecciones del tracto urinario tanto en pacientes hospitalarios como la comunidad. En el caso de los aislamientos de Pseudomonas aeruginosa provinieron de exudados óticos en pacientes ambulatorios, mientras que en pacientes hospitalizados se aislaron de muestras de aspirados traqueales. Staphylococcus aureus fue identificado en muestras de hemocultivo.   Palabras clave: Escherichia coli, sensibilidad, antibióticos, betalactamasas.   Abstract The main cause of resistance is the abuse of antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from biological samples of patients who attended the Santa Elena hospital (Ecuador) in 2017. A retrospective study was carried out corresponding to the main infectious agents isolated from samples of patients in the area of the Santa Elena Peninsula. The isolated strains were analyzed by the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method. Escherichia coli stood out as the main causative agent, followed by Klebsiella spp. They were isolated in a higher proportion of urinary tract infections both in hospital patients and in the community. In the case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, they came from otic exudates in outpatients, while in hospitalized patients they were isolated from tracheal aspirate samples. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in blood culture samples.   Keywords: Escherichia coli, sensitivity, antibiotics, beta-lactamases.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamases Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Species in Catheterized Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Ushie ◽  
K. S. Oyedeji ◽  
G. I. Ogban ◽  
D. E. Ushie ◽  
F. O. Nwaokorie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Urethral Catheterization ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Irrational antibiotics use has added to the escalation of antibiotics resistance, especially among hospitalized patients on prolonged urethral catheterization, a significant risk factor for urinary tract infection and urosepsis. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases are transferable plasmid-mediated resistance mechanism orchestrated majorly by Enterobacteriaceae, which confer resistance to β- lactam antibiotics and other classes of antibiotics. This work was aimed at determining the molecular characteristics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp involved in urinary tract infections among patients on prolonged urethral catheterization in two major tertiary hospitals in Lagos. One hundred and one samples were collected from participants in Lagos University Teaching Hospital and 68 Army Reference Hospital Yaba, between November 2015 and May 2016. The mean age of the participants was 49.04± 8.8years. Single, non -repeat aseptically aspirated urine specimens from the catheter ports were obtained from consenting participants and processed immediately. Bacterial species were isolated and characterized by conventional methods. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was done using a modified Kirby Bauer method. Further analysis was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction amplification aimed to detect bla SHV, bla TEM, and bla CTX-M resistance genes.  Isolates were considered significant if there were up to 104 CFU/ml in symptomatic participants and ≥105 CFU/ml in asymptomatic participants with analyzed. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 (Inc., Chicago 111). Forty (39.6 %) males and 61 (60.4 %) female participants’ catheter urines were sampled, with male to female ratio of 1:1.5. Fifty-nine (58.4%) out of 101 samples had significant growth, while 32 (54.2%) of these were lactose fermenters.  Of the 32 lactose fermenters, 26 were identified as E. coli and Klebsiella spp, while 23 (88.5%) of these 26 (identified as E. coli and Klebsiella spp) were ESBL producers carrying ESBL gene(s) and revealed various degrees of antibiotics resistance. We conclude by discussing the epidemiological importance of improving the infection control practices and antibiotics stewardship program as central dogma to controlling antibiotics resistance in hospitals.

Quantitative and bacteriological studies of urine specimens from canine and feline urinary tract infections

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-329
Author(s):  
R E Wooley ◽  
J L Blue
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urine Specimens

The most prevalent microorganisms isolated from urine specimens of dogs (385) and cats (132) with clinical signs of urinary tract infections were Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of quantitative urine-culturing methods showed 48.6% of the canine and 12.1% of the feline specimens had more than 10(5) organisms per ml of urine. The bacteria isolated appear to have a greater resistance to antibacterial agents than previously reported.

Nosocomial Infections in a Developing Middle East Hospital

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. McCormack ◽  
Mary Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

AbstractThe prevalence and pattern of nosocomial infections in a new hospital in the United Arab Emirates is presented. During an 18-month period in which there were 6,544 discharges, 379 nosocomial infections occurred in 310 patients, representing an attack rate of 4.7%. The commonest site of infection was the urinary tract which accounted for 42.2% of the total. This was followed by surgical wound infections, cutaneous infections, bloodstream infections, lower and upper respiratory infections, infected burns and gastrointestinal infections. The most common organisms were Escherichia coli (22.7% of isolates), Pseudomonas species (17.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (16.7%). Escherichia coli was the most common cause of urinary tract infections and bacteremia; Staphylococcus aureus was the most common cause of surgical wound and cutaneous infections. There was only one Serratia marcescens infection. We observed a high incidence of Pseudomonas infections, particularly of the urinary tract, and Staphylococcal surgical wound and other cutaneous infections, but otherwise our data are similar to nosocomial infection data from US hospitals.

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