scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic Responses to Infection: A Common Denominator of Human and Bovine Macrophages Infected withMycobacterium aviumSubsp.paratuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiara Abendaño ◽  
Ramon A. Juste ◽  
Marta Alonso-Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(Map) is the causative agent of a chronic intestinal inflammation in ruminants named Johne's disease or paratuberculosis and a possible etiopathological agent of human Crohn's disease (CD). Analysis of macrophage transcriptomes in response toMapinfection is expected to provide key missing information in the understanding of the role of this pathogen in establishing an inappropriate and persistent infection in a susceptible host and of the molecular mechanisms that might underlie the early phases of CD. In this paper we summarize transcriptomic studies of human and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), and macrophages-like cell linesin vitroinfected withMap. Most studies included in this paper consistently reported common gene expression signatures of bovine and human macrophages in response toMapsuch as enhanced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-6, which promote bacterial survival. Overexpression of IL-10 could be responsible for theMap-associated reduction in the expression of the proapoptotic TNF-αgene observed in bovine and human macrophages.

scholarly journals Weaning causes a prolonged but transient change in immune gene expression in the intestine of piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke de Groot ◽  
Fernando Fariñas ◽  
Carolina G Cabrera-Gómez ◽  
Francisco J Pallares ◽  
Guillermo Ramis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Controlling gut inflammation is important in managing gut disorders in the piglet after weaning. Establishing patterns of inflammation markers in the time subsequent to weaning is important for future research to determine if interventions are effective in controlling gut inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal inflammatory response during the post-weaning period in piglets. A 45-day study included 108 piglets (weaned at 22 days (d), body weight 5.53 ± 1.19 kg), distributed in 12 pens with nine pigs per pen. Histomorphometry, gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the quantity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) A producing cells were measured in jejunum, ileum and colon on days 0, 15, 30 and 45 post-weaning. Cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Ig quantities were analysed in blood from piglets on day 0, 15, 30 and 45 post-weaning. Histomorphometrical results showed a lower villus length directly after weaning. Results demonstrated a post-weaning intestinal inflammation response for at least 15 days post-weaning by upregulation of IgA producing cells and IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12α and TGF-β in jejunum, ileum and colon. IgM and IgA was upregulated at day 30 post-weaning. IgG was downregulated at day 15 post-weaning. The results indicate that weaning in piglets is associated with a prolonged and transient response in gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and IgA producing cells in the intestine.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory genes in PBMCs post-spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Doan Nguyen ◽  
Vi Tran ◽  
Alireza Shirazian ◽  
Cruz Velasco-Gonzalez ◽  
Ifeanyi Iwuchukwu
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Hematoma Volume ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation is important in the pathophysiology of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and peripheral inflammatory cells play a role in the clinical evolution and outcome. Methodology Blood samples from ICH patients (n = 20) were collected at admission for 5 consecutive days for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Frozen PBMCs were used for real-time PCR using Taqman probes (NFKB1, SOD1, PPARG, IL10, NFE2L2, and REL) and normalized to GAPDH. Data on hospital length of stay and modified Rankin score (MRS) were collected with 90-day MRS ≤ 3 as favorable outcome. Statistical analysis of clinical characteristics to temporal gene expression from early to delayed timepoints was compared for MRS groups (favorable vs unfavorable) and hematoma volume. Principle findings and results IL10, SOD1, and REL expression were significantly higher at delayed timepoints in PBMCs of ICH patients with favorable outcome. PPARG and REL increased between timepoints in patients with favorable outcome. NFKB1 expression was not sustained, but significantly decreased from higher levels at early onset in patients with unfavorable outcome. IL10 expression showed a negative correlation in patients with high hematoma volume (>30 mL). Conclusions and significance Anti-inflammatory, pro-survival regulators were highly expressed at delayed time points in ICH patients with a favorable outcome, and IL10 expression showed a negative correlation to high hematoma volume.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activities of an Extract from the Roots of Bupleurum rotundifolium

Medicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cholet ◽  
Decombat ◽  
Vareille-Delarbre ◽  
Gainche ◽  
Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Bupleurum Scorzonerifolium Willd ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Profile ◽  
Bupleurum Scorzonerifolium

Background: Some Bupleurum species, such as the Bupleurum chinense DC. or the Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd have been extensively studied (especially their roots) for the treatment of inflammation. In contrast, only compounds extracted from the aerial parts of Bupleurum rotundifolium have been studied and showed anti-inflammatory or antiproliferative activities. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of Bupleurum rotundifolium roots. Methods: To tackle the various aspects of inflammation, we studied in vitro a methanolic extract from the roots of Bupleurum rotundifolium on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and the monocytic cells THP-1. Its antioxidant capacities and iron-chelating activity were assessed. The extract was tested on THP-1 differentiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by leukocytes, neutrophils chemotaxis, cytokines, PGE2 production, and NF-κB activation in PBMCs. Results: The extract showed a decreased ROS production in stimulated cells. It increased PBMC chemokine secretion and up-regulated the differentiation of THP-1 monocytes into macrophage-like cells, indicating a potential interest of the extract in the resolution of acute inflammation. In addition, the analysis of cytokine production suggests that Bupleurum rotundifolium has immunomodulatory properties. Conclusions: Cytokines secretion, especially IL-1β and IL-12p70, provided us with a set of indicators suggesting that the extract might be able to drive the polarization of macrophages and lymphocytes toward a Th2 anti-inflammatory profile in excessive inflammation.

Pathogenetic molecular mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps associated with asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
O. M. Kurbacheva ◽  
M. E. Dyneva ◽  
I. P. Shilovskiy ◽  
E. L. Savlevich ◽  
V. I. Kovchina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Polyp Tissue ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The combination of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is currently considered a separate phenotype wit1 dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as one of t1e leading causes of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the local and systemic inflammatory process in patients with BA associated with CRSwNP. Methods. The study enrolled 96 volunteers divided into 4 groups: the 1st was healthy control (Normal); the 2nd had allergic BA associated with CRSwNP; the 3rd had nonallergic BA associated with CRSwNP; the 4th had CRSwNP without BA. All participants of the study underwent clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and histological examinations. The expression of il-1β, il-4, il-,5 il-6, il-13, il-37, il-17f, ifn-γ, tnf-α and tgf-β genes was assessed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMC and in the polyp tissue using RT-PCR. We also estimated the expression of tslp, il-25 and il-33 in the polyp tissue and expression of GATA3 and RORgt transcription factors in PBMC. Results. The pathogenesis of BA associated with CRSwNP is characterized by the dys-regulation of the local pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of the Th1-, Th2-, Th17- immune response. Moreover, the high expression of il-37 gene in patients with BA associated with CRSwNP, and especially in patients with not-allergic BA associated with CRSwNP, probably indicates the «inclusion» of the compensatory mechanism. In addition, BA associated with CRSwNP is characterized by severe course of both diseases. A nonallergic BA associated with CRSwNP is characterized by more pronounced eosinophilic inflammation, which is an unfavorable prognostic factor. Conclusion. Thus, a comparison of the levels of local and systemic cytokine expression in patients with BA associated with CRSwNP led to the conclusion that CRSwNP affects the local immunity more than systemic immunity. However, the latter is affected to some extent in the long-term as well.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell heterogeneity across different species revealed by single cell sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Li ◽  
chengcheng Sun ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Xiran Wang ◽  
Jiacheng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Genetic Regulatory Networks ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Background: Immune cells play important roles in mediating immune response and host defense against invading pathogens. However, insights into the molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell diversity among multiple species are limited. Methods: In this study, we compared the single-cell transcriptomes of 77 957 immune cells from 12 species using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Distinct molecular profiles were characterized for different immune cell types, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. Results: The results revealed the heterogeneity and compositions of circulating immune cells among 12 different species. Additionally, we explored the conserved and divergent cellular cross-talks and genetic regulatory networks among vertebrate immune cells. Notably, the ligand and receptor pair VIM-CD44 was highly conserved among the immune cells. Conclusions: This study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cross-species single-cell atlas for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This research should advance our understanding of the cellular taxonomy and fundamental functions of PBMCs, with important implications in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and immune system disorders

scholarly journals Liposome/gold hybrid nanoparticle encoded with CoQ10 (LGNP-CoQ10) suppressed rheumatoid arthritis via STAT3/Th17 targeting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241080
Author(s):  
Jooyeon Jhun ◽  
Jeonghyeon Moon ◽  
Jaeyoon Ryu ◽  
Yonghee Shin ◽  
Seangyoun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Safranin O

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), also known as ubiquinone, is a fat-soluble antioxidant. Although CoQ10 has not been approved as medication by the Food and Drug Administration, it is widely used in dietary supplements. Some studies have shown that CoQ10 has anti-inflammatory effects on various autoimmune disorders. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of liposome/gold hybrid nanoparticles encoded with CoQ10 (LGNP-CoQ10). Both CoQ10 and LGNP-CoQ10 were administered orally to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) for 10 weeks. The inflammation pathology of joint tissues of CIA mice was then analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin and Safranin O staining, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis. We obtained immunofluorescence staining images of spleen tissues using confocal microscopy. We found that pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in LGNP-CoQ10 injected mice. Th17 cell and phosphorylated STAT3-expressed cell populations were also decreased in LGNP-CoQ10 injected mice. When human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with CoQ10 and LGNP-CoQ10, the IL-17 expression of PBMCs in the LGNP-CoQ10-treated group was significantly reduced. Together, these results suggest that LGNP-CoQ10 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Identification of Molecular Mechanisms in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: Significance of Survival and Inflammation Pathways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Karaaslan ◽  
Ozlem Timirci Kahraman ◽  
Elif Sanli ◽  
Hayriye Arzu Ergen ◽  
Basar Bilgic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Abstract Background: Our aim was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and controls by microarray technology and analysis of related molecular pathways by functional annotation. Methods: Thirty PD patients and 30 controls were enrolled. Agilent Human 8X60 K Oligo Microarray was used for gene level expression identification. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were used for functional annotation of DEGs. Protein-protein interaction analyses were performed with STRING. Expression levels of randomly selected 5 genes among DEGs were quantified by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for validation. Flow cytometry was done to determine frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: A total of 361 DEGs (143 upregulated and 218 downregulated) were identified after GeneSpring analysis. DEGs were involved in 28 biological processes, 12 cellular components and 26 molecular functions. Pathway analyses demonstrated that upregulated genes mainly enriched in p53 (CASP3, TSC2, ATR, MDM4, CCNG1) and PI3K/Akt (IL2RA, IL4R, TSC2, VEGFA, PKN2, PIK3CA, ITGA4, BCL2L11) signaling pathways. TP53 and PIK3CA were identified as most significant hub proteins. Expression profiles obtained by RT-PCR were consistent with microarray findings. PD patients showed increased proportions of CD49d+ Tregs, which correlated with disability scores. Discussion: Survival pathway genes were upregulated putatively to compensate neuronal degeneration. Bioinformatics analysis showed an association between survival and inflammation genes. Increased CD49d+ Treg ratios might signify the attempt of the immune system to suppress ongoing inflammation. Conclusion: Altered functions of Tregs might have an important role in PD pathogenesis and CD49d expression could be a prognostic biomarker of PD.

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