scholarly journals Weaning causes a prolonged but transient change in immune gene expression in the intestine of piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke de Groot ◽  
Fernando Fariñas ◽  
Carolina G Cabrera-Gómez ◽  
Francisco J Pallares ◽  
Guillermo Ramis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Controlling gut inflammation is important in managing gut disorders in the piglet after weaning. Establishing patterns of inflammation markers in the time subsequent to weaning is important for future research to determine if interventions are effective in controlling gut inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intestinal inflammatory response during the post-weaning period in piglets. A 45-day study included 108 piglets (weaned at 22 days (d), body weight 5.53 ± 1.19 kg), distributed in 12 pens with nine pigs per pen. Histomorphometry, gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the quantity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) A producing cells were measured in jejunum, ileum and colon on days 0, 15, 30 and 45 post-weaning. Cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Ig quantities were analysed in blood from piglets on day 0, 15, 30 and 45 post-weaning. Histomorphometrical results showed a lower villus length directly after weaning. Results demonstrated a post-weaning intestinal inflammation response for at least 15 days post-weaning by upregulation of IgA producing cells and IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12α and TGF-β in jejunum, ileum and colon. IgM and IgA was upregulated at day 30 post-weaning. IgG was downregulated at day 15 post-weaning. The results indicate that weaning in piglets is associated with a prolonged and transient response in gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and IgA producing cells in the intestine.

scholarly journals The Role of Leptin in Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): An Anti-Inflammatory Agent?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7636
Author(s):  
Iason Thomas ◽  
Ioannis Panagoulias ◽  
Ioanna Aggeletopoulou ◽  
Anastasia Varvarigou ◽  
Bessie E. Spiliotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Acute Itp

To investigate the effect of leptin in childhood ITP, we measured plasma leptin in 39 children with acute ITP, after treatment and in remission, and in 33 healthy age/BMI-matched controls. We also cultured ITP and control peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with recombinant leptin to assess its direct effect on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. A significant increase in leptin was observed in children with active disease compared to controls. A significant inverse correlation of leptin with platelet count was also observed in children with acute ITP. Leptin remained high after treatment with IVIg, whereas steroid treatment lowered leptin below control levels. In remission, leptin was in the control range. Cytokine gene expression was significantly increased in children with acute ITP compared with controls, with highest expression for IFN-γ and IL-10. IVIg/steroid treatment significantly decreased IFN-γ and IL-10 expression. In remission, IFN-γ and IL-10 expression remained low. Addition of leptin to PBMCs isolated from patients in remission resulted in a significant increase in IL-10 gene expression compared to controls. Further experiments with purified T-cells and monocytes identified monocytes as the source of leptin-induced IL-10. We suggest that leptin acts as an active anti-inflammatory agent in childhood ITP by promoting IL-10 secretion by monocytes.

Exercise elevates plasma levels but not gene expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in blood mononuclear cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei I. Moldoveanu ◽  
Roy J. Shephard ◽  
Pang N. Shek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells

Physical activity induces a subclinical inflammatory response, mediated in part by leukocytes, and manifested by elevated concentrations of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). However, the source of the cytokines that appear during exercise remains unknown. In this study, we examined exercise-induced changes in plasma cytokine concentrations and their corresponding mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Ten healthy [peak oxygen uptake = 48.8 ± 6.5 (SD) ml · kg−1 · min−1] but untrained men [age = 25 ± 5 (SD) yr] undertook 3 h of exercise (cycling and inclined walking) at 60–65% peak oxygen uptake. Circulating leukocyte subset counts were elevated during and 2 h postexercise but returned to normal within 24 h. Plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α peaked at the end of exercise and remained elevated at 2 h (IL-6) and up to 24 h (IL-1β and TNF-α) postexercise. Cytokine gene expression in circulating mononuclear cells was measured by using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; mRNA accumulation did not change with exercise. In conclusion, mRNA accumulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in circulating mononuclear cells is not affected by 3 h of moderate endurance exercise and does not seem to account for the observed increases in plasma cytokines.

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