scholarly journals What Aspect of Dependence Does the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Measure?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. DiFranza ◽  
Robert J. Wellman ◽  
Judith A. Savageau ◽  
Ariel Beccia ◽  
W. W. Sanouri A. Ursprung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dependence Measure ◽  
Smoking Index

Although the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) are widely used, there is a uncertainty regarding what is measured by these scales. We examined associations between these instruments and items assessing different aspects of dependence. Adult current smokers (, mean age 33.3 years, 61.9% female) completed a web-based survey comprised of items related to demographics and smoking behavior plus (1) the FTND and HSI; (2) the Autonomy over Tobacco Scale (AUTOS) with subscales measuring Withdrawal, Psychological Dependence, and Cue-Induced Cravings; (3) 6 questions tapping smokers’ wanting, craving, or needing experiences in response to withdrawal and the latency to each experience during abstinence; (4) 3 items concerning how smokers prepare to cope with periods of abstinence. In regression analyses the Withdrawal subscale of the AUTOS was the strongest predictor of FTND and HSI scores, followed by taking precautions not to run out of cigarettes or smoking extra to prepare for abstinence. The FTND and its six items, including the HSI, consistently showed the strongest correlations with withdrawal, suggesting that the behaviors described by the items of the FTND are primarily indicative of a difficulty maintaining abstinence because of withdrawal symptoms.

Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Social Control Correlates of Smoking among Pregnant Women Trying to Quit

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fillo ◽  
Kimberly E. Kamper-DeMarco ◽  
Whitney C. Brown ◽  
Paul R. Stasiewicz ◽  
Clara M. Bradizza
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnant Smokers

Approximately 15% of US women currently smoke during pregnancy. An important step toward providing effective smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy is to identify individuals who are more likely to encounter difficulty quitting. Pregnant smokers frequently report smoking in response to intrapersonal factors (e.g., negative emotions), but successful cessation attempts can also be influenced by interpersonal factors (i.e., influence from close others). This study examined the association between emotion regulation difficulties, positive and negative social control (e.g., encouragement, criticism), and smoking cessation-related variables (i.e., smoking quantity, withdrawal symptoms) among pregnant smokers. Data were drawn from the pretreatment wave of a smoking cessation trial enrolling low-income pregnant women who self-reported smoking in response to negative affect (N = 73). Greater emotion regulation difficulties were related to greater smoking urges (b = 0.295, p = .042) and withdrawal symptoms (b = 0.085, p = .003). Additionally, more negative social control from close others was related to fewer smoking days (b = -0.614, p = .042) and higher smoking abstinence self-efficacy (b = 0.017, p = .002). More positive social control from close others interacted with negative affect smoking (b = -0.052, p = .043); the association between negative affect smoking and nicotine dependence (b = 0.812, p < .001) only occurred at low levels of positive social control. Findings suggest that emotion regulation difficulties may contribute to smoking during pregnancy by exacerbating women's negative experiences related to smoking cessation attempts. Negative social control was related to lower smoking frequency and greater confidence in quitting smoking, suggesting that it may assist pregnant smokers' cessation efforts. Positive social control buffered women from the effects of negative affect smoking on nicotine dependence.

Role of Emotional Attachment and Reciprocity in Sons’ Perceived Care Motivation for Parental Figures

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 422-422
Author(s):  
Ryo Hirayama ◽  
Ichiro Kai ◽  
Tomoko Wakui
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Parental Figures ◽  
Caregiving Roles ◽  
Household System ◽  
Family Matter

Abstract The collapse of the traditional Japanese household system and the subsequent social advancement of women has led supporting parents as a family matter, and led more men to assume caregiving roles; however, very few studies have focused on sons’ care motivation. This study aimed to understand adult sons’ perceived care motivation and to examine the respective related factors of emotional attachment and reciprocity. A total of 1322 men (M [age] = 44.5) participated in a web-based questionnaire survey. Perceived care motivation for providing five types of support (e.g., helping with daily activities and housework) to each parent and parent-in-law was assessed. Regression analyses revealed that emotional attachment with parents and parents-in-law predicted perceived care motivation for all types of support. Furthermore, the role of reciprocity was indicated by the association between rearing by mother-in-law and son-in-law’s motivation to provide assistance in financial matters, housework, and visiting a hospital.

scholarly journals Heaviness of Smoking Index, Number of Cigarettes Smoked and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Among Adult Male Malaysians

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Lim ◽  
M. Feisul Idzwan ◽  
M.G. Sumarni ◽  
C.C. Kee ◽  
N.M. Amal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Smoking Index

scholarly journals Testing the nicotine dependence measure mFTQ for adolescent smokers: A multinational investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 689-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Prokhorov ◽  
Georges E. Khalil ◽  
Dawn W. Foster ◽  
Salma K. Marani ◽  
Michele Guindani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Dependence Measure

scholarly journals CYP2A6 polymorphisms are associated with nicotine dependence and influence withdrawal symptoms in smoking cessation

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kubota ◽  
C Nakajima-Taniguchi ◽  
T Fukuda ◽  
M Funamoto ◽  
M Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms

Differences in Smoking Topography and Subjective Responses to Smoking Among African American and White Menthol and Non-Menthol Smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1718-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Gunawan ◽  
Laura M Juliano
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Smoking Topography

Abstract Introduction It has been suggested that menthol increases exposure to harmful elements of smoking and makes smoking more rewarding, easier to initiate, and harder to quit. Isolating the direct effects of menthol is challenging as African American (AA) race and menthol preference are highly overlapping. This study evaluated smoking behavior and subjective responses among a balanced sample of AA and white menthol and non-menthol smokers. In addition, smoking topography (ST) was compared to naturalistic smoking (NS) and interactions with menthol and race were explored. Aims and Methods Smokers (N = 100) smoked and rated their preferred brand of cigarettes via ST or NS during two laboratory visits (counterbalanced). Results Controlling for baseline differences among the groups (eg, nicotine dependence), menthol smokers took shorter and smaller puffs and AA smokers took longer puffs, but there were no differences in total puff volume, carbon monoxide, or other ST parameters. Menthol smokers reported greater urge reduction and lower sensory stimulation. The smoking method (ST vs. NS) had no effects on smoking behavior or exposure. Cigarettes smoked via ST were rated stronger. Differences in satisfaction based on the smoking method interacted with race and menthol status. Ratings of aversion differed by race and menthol status. Conclusions Menthol was not associated with increased smoke exposure or reward (except for urge reduction). ST caused minimal experimental reactivity relative to NS. Additional research that isolates the effects of menthol and examines potential interactive effects with race and other variables is needed to better understand its role in smoking-related health disparities. Implications Menthol and non-menthol smokers differed on some demographic variables and menthol preference was associated with greater nicotine dependence and greater urge reduction after smoking. Menthol was not associated with greater smoke exposure. Future research that investigates the unique risks associated with menthol and examines potential interactive effects with race and other related variables is warranted to better understand the role of menthol in smoking-related health disparities.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Compliance among Methadone Maintenance Treatment Transfers: Evidence from Audit Records at Clinics in Guangdong, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023
Author(s):  
Cheng Gong ◽  
Xia Zou ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Qian Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Transfer System ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Transfer Services

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) requires patients to intake their daily dose in person at their clinic. Therefore, transfer services are vital for patients who need temporary leave from their primary MMT clinic. However, studies have shown that transfer patients might delay return after temporary leave, leading to missed doses and putting them at risk of increased harm. In this study, we aimed to explore the transfer rates and factors associated with MMT patients who delayed return during a transfer period. In this retrospective analysis, we used audit records from the web-based management system from six MMT clinics in Guangdong, China. Multilevel logistic regression and multilevel Poisson regression analyses were used to examine the factors associated with patients who delayed return to their primary MMT clinic. A total of 459 people used the transfer system 2940 times between January 2006 and December 2016. Of those, patients delayed return to their primary MMT clinic 1199 times (40.78%). Patients who transferred regularly had poor compliance rates with MMT treatment. Those who once dropped out from and then re-enrolled in MMT were more likely to delay return. Most patients (82.71%) who used the transfer service for “work” were more likely to prolong their delay length. The findings highlight that a more flexible transfer system would minimize inconvenience to the patients.

scholarly journals Genetic interaction between two VNTRs in the MAOA gene is associated with the nicotine dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-739
Author(s):  
Gea Kõks ◽  
Ele Prans ◽  
Xuan D Ho ◽  
Binh H Duy ◽  
Ha DT Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Relevant Variable ◽  
Maoa Gene

Nicotine dependence is an addiction to tobacco products and a global public health concern that in part would be influenced by our genetics. Smokers are reported to have reduced MAOA activity, but the results from genetic associations with this gene have been inconclusive. Two functionally relevant variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) domains, termed uVNTR and dVNTR, in the MAOA gene are well characterized transcriptional regulatory elements. In the present study, we analyzed uVNTR and dVNTR polymorphisms in the MAOA gene in the Vietnamese male population of smokers and non-smokers in order to assess the association of MAOA with the nicotine dependence measured by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Individual analysis of VNTRs separately identified uVNTR to be associated with the F6 question of the FTND indicating the stronger addiction to nicotine. No associations were found between the dVNTR and smoking behavior. The combination of dVNTR and uVNTR, that predicts low expression of MAOA (10–3 haplotypes), was significantly associated with the higher nicotine dependence (FTND score), longer smoking duration, and more persistent smoking behavior (fewer quit attempts). In conclusion, our study confirms that low MAOA expression is genetically predictive to the higher nicotine dependence. Impact statement The present study combined the analysis of two transcriptional regulators, uVNTR and dVNTR, in the MAOA gene that is an enzyme responsible for the monoamine degradation and identified genetic interaction between these VNTRs in association with the nicotine dependence. The main impact is that when analyzing different populations in the genetic studies, the functionally meaningful variants should be combined rather than addressing individual elements separately (a mini polygenic risk score for a particular gene/locus). This combination is very rarely analyzed and therefore the study sets an example. Another impact is that we analyzed the genetic variability in the Asian population and therefore our data present a piece of information from underrepresented populations.

Physicians’ Choice in Using Internet and Fax for Patient Recruitment and Follow-up in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Morita ◽  
T. Fukui ◽  
J. Sakamoto ◽  
M. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Web

Summary Objective: To examine the physicians’ preference between Web and fax-based remote data entry (RDE) system for an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Japan. Methods: We conducted a survey among all the collaborating physicians (n = 512) of the CASE-J (Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan) trial, who have been recruiting patients and sending follow-up data using the Web or a fax-based RDE system. The survey instrument assessed physicians’ choice between Web and fax-based RDE systems, their practice pattern, and attitudes towards these two modalities. Results: A total of 448 (87.5%) responses were received. The proportions of physicians who used Web, fax, and the combination of these two were 45.9%, 33.3% and 20.8%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that physicians 55 years or younger [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.3] and regular users of computers (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.1-8.2) were more likely to use the Web-based RDE system. Conclusions: This information would be useful in designing an RCT with a Web-based RDE system in Japan and abroad.

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