scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Dairy Cattle with Reproductive Problems in Sudan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelghafar M. Elfahal ◽  
Amira M. Elhassan ◽  
Mohammed O. Hussien ◽  
Khalid A. Enan ◽  
Azza B. Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Reproductive Disease ◽  
One Year

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other warm-blooded animals in most parts of the world. The disease is common among sheep and goats and it is recognized as one of the major causes of reproductive failure in these animals. Cattle, on the other hand, can be infected, but abortion or perinatal mortality has not been recorded. This survey was carried out to study the prevalence of this disease in cattle in Khartoum and Gazira States (Sudan). 181 sera samples collected from dairy cattle with reproductive problems were assayed for antibodies to T. gondii by ELISA. The prevalence rate of T. gondii antibodies in cattle at herd level was 44.8% (13/29). Herd level infection rates were 50% and 33.3% in Khartoum and Gazira States, respectively. The overall prevalence of T. gondii at individual level in both states was 13.3% (24/181). The prevalence was 12.7% (17/134), was 14.9% (7/47) in Khartoum and Gazira State, respectively. There was significantly higher (P<0.05) prevalence of T. gondii antibodies in the age group less than one year old (36.4%) than in other age groups and in males (30.8%) than in females (11.9%) while no significant relationship was discerned regarding breed, location, season, or signs of reproductive disease.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in Sheep and Goats from Central Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Bahreh ◽  
Bahador Hajimohammadi ◽  
Gilda Eslami
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
One Year ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Abstract Objective Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, infects humans by consuming infected raw or undercooked meat and foods harboring mature oocysts. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of T. gondii in sheep and goats coming from central Iran. After completing the questionnaire, about one gram of liver or diaphragm tissue was taken as a sample from 90 sheep and 90 goats slaughtered in Yazd Province and stored at – 20 ºC. DNA extraction was done, and then T. gondii was detected using nested PCR. Results This study indicated that the prevalence of T. gondii in all slaughtered animals was 11.6% (21 of 180), including 14.4% (13/90) in sheep and 8.8% (8/90) in goats. The infection rates in liver and diaphragm samples were 12.2% (11/90) and 11.1% (10/90), respectively (p = 0.8163). The infection rate in animals older than one was 16.3% (15/92), and it was 6.8% (6/88) in animals under one year of age. Therefore, no significant differences were found (p = 0.475). Infection rates were 19.5% (18/92) in males and 3.4% (3/88) in females (p = 0.0007). In conclusion, the infection rates of toxoplasmosis in livestock in this area are almost high, and therefore, it is necessary to design appropriate prevention programs to control the disease.

scholarly journals One Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Galicia: A Global View of Age-Group Statistics during Three Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5104
Author(s):  
Iván Area ◽  
Henrique Lorenzo ◽  
Pedro J. Marcos ◽  
Juan J. Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global View ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
One Year

In this work we look at the past in order to analyze four key variables after one year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Galicia (NW Spain): new infected, hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions and deceased. The analysis is presented by age group, comparing at each stage the percentage of the corresponding group with its representation in the society. The time period analyzed covers 1 March 2020 to 1 April 2021, and includes the influence of the B.1.1.7 lineage of COVID-19 which in April 2021 was behind 90% of new cases in Galicia. It is numerically shown how the pandemic affects the age groups 80+, 70+ and 60+, and therefore we give information about how the vaccination process could be scheduled and hints at why the pandemic had different effects in different territories.

scholarly journals A first-year dornase alfa treatment impact on clinical parameters of patients with cystic fibrosis: the Brazilian cystic fibrosis multicenter study

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Rozov ◽  
Fernando Antônio A. e Silva ◽  
Maria Angélica Santana ◽  
Fabíola Villac Adde ◽  
Rita Heloisa Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Dornase Alfa ◽  
Pulmonary Exacerbations ◽  
One Year

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical impact of the first year treatment with dornase alfa, according to age groups, in a cohort of Brazilian Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. METHODS: The data on 152 eligible patients, from 16 CF reference centers, that answered the medical questionnaires and performed laboratory tests at baseline (T0), and at six (T2) and 12 (T4) months after dornase alfa initiation, were analyzed. Three age groups were assessed: six to 11, 12 to 13, and >14 years. Pulmonary tests, airway microbiology, emergency room visits, hospitalizations, emergency and routine treatments were evaluated. Student's t-test, chi-square test and analysis of variance were used when appropriated. RESULTS: Routine treatments were based on respiratory physical therapy, regular exercises, pancreatic enzymes, vitamins, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. In the six months prior the study (T0 phase), hospitalizations for pulmonary exacerbations occurred in 38.0, 10.0 and 61.4% in the three age groups, respectively. After one year of intervention, there was a significant reduction in the number of emergency room visits in the six to 11 years group. There were no significant changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (VEF1), in forced vital capacity (FVC), in oxygen saturation (SpO2), and in Tiffenau index for all age groups. A significant improvement in Shwachman-Kulczychi score was observed in the older group. In the last six months of therapy, chronic or intermittent colonization by P. aeruginosa was detected in 75.0, 71.4 and 62.5% of the studied groups, respectively, while S. aureus colonization was identified in 68.6, 66.6 and 41.9% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with dornase alfa promoted the maintenance of pulmonary function parameters and was associated with a significant reduction of emergency room visits due to pulmonary exacerbations in the six to 11 years age group, with better clinical scores in the >14 age group, one year after the intervention.

scholarly journals  Faecal shedding of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in cattle in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Alexa ◽  
L. Konstantinova ◽  
Z. Sramkova-Zajacova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Somatic Antigen ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
One Year

A survey to estimate the prevalence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) or enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in rectal swabs from healthy dairy cattle aged three weeks, three months and one year was conducted in three herds from the Czech Republic. Screening for the presence of the stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes in faecal swab cultures was performed by PCR, and in positive samples, isolated colonies were examined. Immunomagnetic separation was used for the isolation of the VTEC serogroup O157 from samples. VTEC were detected in animals from all three herds under study. In the group of 3-week-old calves, VTEC were only detected in samples collected in the summer months. However, in the other age-groups, VTEC were detected in both the summer and winter months. EHEC shedding was observed in 30 to 100% of the total samples collected from cattle aged three months and one year in the summer months, and in 30 to 60% of samples taken in the winter months. EHEC strains of serogroup O157 were detected in two herds. The range of verotoxins shed by VTEC isolates of serogroup O157 differed between herds. Besides serogroup O157, additional EHEC belonging to the antigen groups O26, O103, O128 and O153 have been identified, and in some of them, no somatic antigen was detected.

Quality of life in young men after radical prostatectomy: Results from the CaPSURE registry

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4576-4576 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wright ◽  
D. W. Lin ◽  
J. E. Cowan ◽  
J. Duchane ◽  
P. R. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
One Year

4576 Background: Over the past two decades, the age at diagnosis and treatment of men with prostate cancer (CaP) has steadily declined. Previous work suggests that younger men have similar or improved pathologic and clinical outcomes compared to older men. The literature on quality of life (QOL) following local treatment for CaP has primarily focused on comparing treatment modalities rather than specific age groups. This analysis explored QOL outcomes in younger men following primary curative treatment for localized prostate cancer. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospectively collected cohort from the CaPSURE (Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Endeavor) registry. Men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized disease and completed the UCLA Prostate Cancer Index (PCI) pre- and one-year post-surgery were identified. Men were grouped based on age (< 55, 55–64, ≥ 65 years). A severe decline in PCI domains from pre- to post-RP was defined as a decrease of one standard deviation from the pre-RP score. PCI scores were compared across age groups, and a multivariate model created to analyze the predictors of severe declines in PCI domains. Results: 1,143 men were identified, with 190, 526 and 427 men in the three age groups, respectively. Younger men had significantly higher mean scores one-year after RP in the urinary function (UF), urinary bother (UB) and sexual function (SF) domains of the PCI. The proportion of men with a severe decline in UF, UB and SF was not significantly different in the age groups (range 49–54%, 32–38%, 58–51% respectively). However, a severe decline in SB was more common in the youngest age group than in the oldest (54% vs. 36%, p < 0.01). With the youngest men as the reference group in the multivariate model, the oldest age group was 40% less likely to have a severe decline of SB (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.90, p = 0.04) but trended toward a higher risk of severe decline in UB (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.85–1.89, p = 0.08). Conclusions: Age predicts disease-specific QOL changes at one-year following RP. Younger men had significantly better mean UF, UB, and SF domain scores one-year after RP than did their older counterparts. Men < 55 years old are more likely than older men to experience a severe decline of sexual bother but trend toward a lower risk of a severe urinary bother. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

ENZYME HETEROZYGOSITY ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH AT DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN OYSTERS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva M. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
One Year ◽  
Polymorphic Enzymes

Following our earlier reports on one-year-old oyster populations of Prince Edward Island (Singh and Zouros, 1978, 1981; Zouros et al., 1980), cohorts of three-year classes were studied from Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Random samples of about 200 individuals from each year class were analyzed for four polymorphic enzymes. A number of generalizations emerged. There was a general deficiency of heterozygotes in the three age groups and this deficiency decreased with age (reflecting reduction in heterozygote deficiency). This suggests genotype-specific mortality during ontogeny. The deficiency of heterozygotes was more pronounced in slower growing, lighter individuals than in faster growing, heavier individuals. The number of heterozygous loci per individual was positively correlated with mean growth rate. The variance in weight was lower in heterozygotes; it decreased with increase in number of heterozygous loci in a given age group. Overdominance in growth rate appears to be the most plausible explanation for these observations.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Accelerated Corneal Crosslinking Treatment for Progressive Keratoconus in the Pediatric and Adult Age Groups: One-Year Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Berhuni ◽  
Cem Ozturkmen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the short-term results of accelerated crosslinking (A-CXL) treatment for progressive keratoconus in the pediatric and adult age groups. Materials and methods: The records of the 62 eyes of 40 patients who had undergone the A-CXL procedure (9 mV/cm2, 10 min) for progressive keratoconus between January 2015 and January 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups as the pediatric group (aged 17 years or less) and the adult group (aged 18 years or more) for statistical analysis. Pre- and post- 12th month A-CXL best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), maximum keratometry (Kmax), sim K1, sim K2, corneal thickness at the thinnest point (thCT), and corneal astigmatism (CA) values of the patient groups were recorded. Results: The 29 eyes of 16 patients were included in the pediatric group and the 33 eyes of 24 patients were included in the adult group. The mean age was 13.50±3.05 years in the pediatric group and 23.58±4.37 years in the adult group. A significant improvement in BCVA and a significant decrease in thCT values were present in both groups 12 months after the surgery compared to the preoperative period. A decrease was present in the Kmax, sim K1, sim K2 and CA values in the pediatric group, but was not statistically significant. The decrease in Kmax, sim K1 and sim K2 values compared to the preoperative period was significant in the adult group, but the decrease in CA values was not significant. When the two groups were compared at the end of 12 months, only the sim K1 value was significantly lower in the adult group, and there was no significant difference between the other measurements. Conclusions: Better visual acuity improvement, a higher flattening rate, and less progression occur after 12 months with A-CXL treatment for progressive keratoconus in the adult age group compared to the pediatric age group.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Some Intestinal Parasites for Patients Attending to Shirqat General Hospital/Salah Al-Din Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Firas Fahad Habeeb ◽  
Ali Mohammed Abed
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
The Relationship

The current study was conducted to detect the infection rate of the Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia parasite and to determine the relationship between them and Helicobacter pylori bacteria for patients attending Shirqat General Hospital in Salah al-Din Governorate during the period from October 2020 to March 2021. The number of examined samples reached 409, as they were examined by direct smear and Concentration methods using an optical microscope. The results of the study showed that the total infection rate was 46 (11.24%) positive samples and 363 negative samples with a rate of (88.7%), the Entamoeba histolytica was dominant with rate 67.38%, followed by Giardia lamblia with rate 32.61%, and the infection rates for males were higher than for females. Where the infection rate of males reached 14.29% (34 out of 238) and 7.02% of females (12 out of 171), respectively. The infection rates varied between age groups, as the highest rate of infection was in the age group ≥ 10-1 years, which amounted to 32.6%, and the lowest rate of infection was in the age group 60-51 years, with a rate of 2.17%. The highest infection rate was in October, which amounted to 14.89%, while the lowest infection rate was in December, with a rate of 7.35%. All positive samples were examined for microscopic examination by rapid antigen test to detect H.pylori bacteria involved in infection with Entamoeba histolytica or Giardia lamblia, and the results showed that 13 (28.26) samples were positive and 33 (71.73%) were negative samples, and the Co-infection infection rate was between the Entamoeba histolytica and H.pylori 9 (29.03%) were higher than that of Giardia lamblia and H.pylori 4 (26.66%).The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the sex of patients infected with these parasites and the rates of infection during the months of the study and the age groups of infected patients.

EPIDEMIC SHIGELLA GASTROENTERITIS (BACILLARY DYSENTERY) IN AN ENDEMIC AREA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
MILTON FEIG
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Population Group ◽  
One Year

The clinical aspects of acute bacillary dysentery as observed in an outbreak among a general population group in a highly endemic area are presented; age-specific clinical variations are noted. The onset was abrupt in all cases and all age-groups. The height of the illness in 84% of 106 cases was reached in 24 hours, more rapidly than in the "classical" form (3 to 5 days). The presence of blood in the stools was noted in about 25% of all cases; in about 25% of the 0 through 5 year age-group, 50% of the 6 through 10 year group, 37½% of the 11 through 15 year age-group, and 9 to 10% in the groups 16 years of age and over. The median number of stools was 9 to 10 daily, with no significant difference among the various age-groups. Fever was present in 65% of the children 10 years of age and under (55 cases), and in 35% of the older age-groups (40 cases). Vomiting is more frequent among the younger age-groups; weakness becomes a more frequent complaint with advancing age. The median duration of illness was 5.5 days in 100 cases. There was no correlation observed between age and duration. Recurrences are more frequently observed in the youngest age-groups—36% of all cases (14) under one year of age, 28% of 39 cases between 1-2 years of age. About 9% of the 26 and over age-group (34 cases) recurred, and practically none in the intervening groups. No relationship was observed between the tendency towards recurrences in households with multiple cases as compared with single cases. All the fatalities were under one year of age. Two deaths occurred in the cases studied, yielding an age-specific death rate of 14.3% for this group. Five other deaths in cases not included in this report are noted, all under one year of age; 2 caused by "infant diarrhea" and 3 by bronchopneumonia with "chronic diarrhea" as a contributing cause. The role of acquired immunity in the modification of bacillary dysentery can be evaluated from studies of attack rates and the clinical course of the disease, through age-specific groupings. Investigators should clearly define such basic terms as duration, recurrences, etc., when reporting so that necessary comparisons and/or data summation can be made.

scholarly journals Salivary IgA against sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in the study of horizontally transmitted toxoplasmosis via T. gondii oocysts in endemic settings

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 2568-2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. MANGIAVACCHI ◽  
F. P. VIEIRA ◽  
L. M. G. BAHIA-OLIVEIRA ◽  
D. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Salivary Iga

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to contribute to the better understanding of the relative epidemiological importance of different modes of infection with respect to horizontal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in endemic settings. We investigated the prevalence of salivary IgA against a sporozoite-specific embryogenesis-related protein (TgERP) in a highly endemic area for toxoplasmosis in Brazil in order to pinpoint parasite transmission via oocysts. Prevalence calculated by salivary IgA specific to TgERP was compared to the prevalence calculated by serum IgG against both TgERP and tachyzoites (in conventional serological tests). Prevalence calculated by different serological and salivary parameters varied in the studied age groups. However, for the 15–21 years age group, values for T. gondii prevalence estimated by conventional serological tests and by anti-TgERP salivary IgA were similar; i.e. 68·7% and 66·6% or 66·7%, respectively, using two different cut-off parameters for salivary IgA anti-TgERP. Furthermore, salivary IgA anti-TgERP for this age group presented the highest specificity (93·33%), sensitivity (93·94%), and likelihood (14·09) compared to all the other age groups. These data demonstrate the importance of age for salivary IgA investigation against TgERP to estimate the mode of T. gondii transmission in endemic settings.

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