scholarly journals Multiplex Cytokine Concentration Measurement: How Much Do the Medium and Handling Matter?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Parkitny ◽  
James H. McAuley ◽  
Patrick J. Kelly ◽  
Flavia Di Pietro ◽  
Barbara Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Cytokine Concentration ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Measures Of Agreement ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Research Demands ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multiplex Cytokine

Cytokine concentrations are thought to be affected by methods of sampling and processing and by storage conditions. In this study we compared 17 cytokine concentrations obtained from plasma and serum at baseline and after a controlled thaw condition. We found that absolute agreement was poor between concentrations of cytokines in plasma and serum, except for MIP1β. A thaw condition significantly changed the concentrations of most cytokines, but serum appeared less affected by this than plasma was. Closer examination using Bland-Altman analyses revealed that for each comparison, agreement was moderately good for many cytokine concentrations. This is important because measures of agreement must be interpreted based on the required precision, which may differ between clinical and research demands. We also identified that for some cytokines, the relationship between serum and plasma is affected by concentration, thus advocating for the use of appropriate methods when performing such comparisons in studies such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

The equifinality and multifinality of violent radicalization and mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Paul Gill ◽  
Frank Farnham ◽  
Caitlin Clemmow
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

The relationship between violent radicalization and poor mental health is complex and multilayered. We use the principles of equifinality and multifinality to demonstrate this complexity. In terms of equifinality, we draw upon the existing evidence base to demonstrate that the end outcome of violent radicalization has many paths into it. Some individuals will be touched by different aspects related to poor mental health along this path. In terms of multifinality, we demonstrate trajectories to multiple outcomes originating from poor mental health problems, where violent radicalization is a low base rate outcome, of many. To do so, we draw on the evidence base from various systematic reviews and meta-analyses of other public/personal harms. We also draw upon illustrations of different individuals displaying similar symptoms/diagnoses and map the mechanisms through which their end outcome differed (e.g. because of exposure to different influences, opportunity, and so on).

scholarly journals The longitudinal and concurrent relationship between caregiver sensitivity and preschool attachment: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245061
Author(s):  
Monica C. O’Neill ◽  
Shaylea Badovinac ◽  
Rebecca Pillai Riddell ◽  
Jean-François Bureau ◽  
Carla Rumeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the concurrent and longitudinal relationship between caregiver sensitivity and preschool attachment measured using the Main and Cassidy (1988) and Cassidy and Marvin (1992) attachment classification systems. This review was pre-registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; Registration Number CRD42017073417) and completed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The present review identified 36 studies made up of 21 samples (N = 3, 847) examining the relationship between caregiver sensitivity and preschool attachment. Eight primary meta-analyses were conducted separately according to the proximity of the assessment of sensitivity to attachment (i.e., concurrent versus longitudinal), operationalization of caregiver sensitivity (i.e., unidimensional versus multidimensional) and attachment categorizations (i.e., secure-insecure versus organized-disorganized). Overall, the meta-analyses revealed higher levels of caregiver sensitivity among caregivers with secure and organized preschoolers, relative to insecure and disorganized preschoolers, respectively. Medium effect sizes (g = .46 to .59) were found for both longitudinal and concurrent associations between caregiver sensitivity and preschool attachment when a unidimensional measure of caregiver sensitivity was employed, compared to small to medium effect sizes (g = .34 to .49) when a multidimensional measure of caregiver sensitivity was employed. Child age at attachment measurement was a significant moderator of the longitudinal association between unidimensional caregiver sensitivity and preschool attachment. Future directions for the literature and clinical implications are discussed.

The relationship of prenatal and infant antibiotic exposure with childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Baron ◽  
Meron Taye ◽  
Isolde Besseling-van der Vaart ◽  
Joanne Ujčič-Voortman ◽  
Hania Szajewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the evidence regarding the relationship between early-life antibiotic exposure and childhood overweight/obesity by reviewing observational studies on prenatal antibiotic exposure and systematic reviews on infant antibiotic exposure. A search in Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar covering the period 1st January till 1st December 2018 led to the identification of five studies on prenatal antibiotic exposure and four systematic reviews on infant antibiotic exposure. Positive trends between prenatal antibiotic exposure and overweight/obesity were reported in all studies; two studies reported a significant overall relationship and the other three reported significant relationships under certain conditions. Effect sizes ranged from odds ratio (OR): 1.04 (0.62–1.74) to relative risk (RR): 1.77 (1.25–2.51). Regarding infant antibiotics, one review concluded there was substantial evidence that infant antibiotic exposure increased the risk of childhood overweight/obesity [pooled effect sizes: RR: 1.21 (1.09–1.33) for overweight and RR: 1.18 (1.12–1.25) for obesity]. Two reviews concluded there was some evidence for a relationship [pooled effect sizes: OR: 1.05 (1.00–1.11) and OR: 1.11 (1.02–1.20)]. The fourth review concluded the studies were too heterogeneous for meta-analyses and the evidence regarding the relationship between infant antibiotic exposure and childhood overweight/obesity was inconclusive. More well-designed studies are needed that include data on intra-partum antibiotics and address important potential confounders (including maternal and childhood infections). This review points to some evidence of a relationship between early-life antibiotic exposure and childhood overweight/obesity; this is especially evident in certain children (i.e. exposed to multiple and broad-spectrum antibiotics, earlier postnatal exposure and male gender) and merits further research.

A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Roth ◽  
Allen I. Huffcutt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Employment Interviews ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

Hotspots in Psychology – 2020 Edition

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Michael Bošnjak ◽  
Nadine Wedderhoff
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
The Common ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. This editorial gives a brief introduction to the six articles included in the fourth “Hotspots in Psychology” of the Zeitschrift für Psychologie. The format is devoted to systematic reviews and meta-analyses in research-active fields that have generated a considerable number of primary studies. The common denominator is the research synthesis nature of the included articles, and not a specific psychological topic or theme that all articles have to address. Moreover, methodological advances in research synthesis methods relevant for any subfield of psychology are being addressed. Comprehensive supplemental material to the articles can be found in PsychArchives ( https://www.psycharchives.org ).

Parâmetros e efeitos do laser não ablativo no tratamento de melasma facial

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Felipe Soares Macedo ◽  
Marthina Santos Rosa ◽  
Suélia De Siqueira Rodrigues Fleury Rosa ◽  
Hellen Batista De Carvalho ◽  
Luisiane De Ávila Santana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evidence Database ◽  
Meta Analyses

O uso do laser não ablativo no tratamento do melasma tem sido abordado em diversos estudos, porém, não há consenso na literatura quanto aos parâmetros e feitos de intervenções baseadas neste recurso. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e descrever parâmetros e efeitos do laser não ablativo no tratamento de hiperpigmentação de pele (melasma). Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura baseada no Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A busca eletrônica compreendeu as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Science Direct e SciELO. Foram identificados inicialmente 641 documentos nas bases de dados eletrônicas, enquanto na busca manual 26 artigos foram encontrados, após leitura e análise 7 artigos foram selecionados. Foram analisados 7 artigos correspondentes as bases de dados PubMed e Science Direct, todos na língua inglesa e publicados a partir do ano de 2010. Apenas um estudo utilizou uma amostra maior que 30 indivíduos, os demais utilizaram em média 16 participantes, com predomínio do sexo feminino e classificação segundo Fitzpatrick entre III-V. O comprimento de onda variou entre 1064 nm a 1550 nm e a energia máxima não ultrapassou 4 J/cm². De acordo com as variáveis avaliadas, os protocolos testados demonstraram que o laser não ablativo foi ineficaz no tratamento de melasma facial, sobretudo após a interrupção da terapia.Palavras-chave: hiperpigmentação, laser não ablativo, fisioterapia dermato-funcional, revisão sistemática.

Les troubles périnéosphinctériens chez les patients souffrant de troubles du comportement alimentaire

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
C. Pourtal ◽  
L. Volondat ◽  
S. Lambert ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
M. Rousselet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Revue De La Littérature ◽  
Prolapsus Rectal ◽  
Comportement Alimentaire ◽  
Prise De Poids ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Troubles Du Comportement ◽  
Troubles Du Comportement Alimentaire

Contexte : Les troubles périnéosphinctériens (TPS) survenant chez les patients souffrant de trouble du comportement alimentaire (TCA) sont des complications sous-abord ées dans la littérature. Le but de cette revue de la littérature était de faire le point sur l’état des connaissances actuelles pour aider le clinicien prenant en charge les TPS à les mettre en lien avec les TCA, et le clinicien prenant en charge les TCA à les prévenir et à les repérer le plus précocement possible, dans une perspective de réduction des risques et des dommages. Méthode : Deux revues de littérature ont été conduites, l’une portant sur les TPS d’origine digestive, l’autre sur les TPS d’origine urinaire. La sélection des articles s’est faite en nous référant aux recommandations PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) et à partir des bases de données PubMed et ScienceDirect. Résultats : Douze articles ont été retenus. Les TPS identifies sont la constipation, l’incontinence fécale, l’incontinence urinaire et le prolapsus rectal. Ils sont secondaires aux effets de la malnutrition sur la composante musculaire ainsi qu’à la pression abdominale exercée par des comportements visant à réguler la prise de poids, tels que les exercices physiques réalisés en hyperpression, les efforts de poussée lors de l’émission des selles et les vomissements provoqués. Conclusion : Une anamnèse précise et méticuleuse chez les personnes présentant un indice de masse corporel bas semble primordiale. L’usage de laxatifs est à proscrire avant un programme de renutrition d’au moins trois semaines.

Barley seed storage under controlled conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Zadorozhna ◽  
T. P. Shyianova ◽  
M.Yu. Skorokhodov
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seed longevity of 76 spring barley gene pool samples (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. distichon, convar. distichon: 56 nutans Schubl., two deficience (Steud.) Koern., two erectum Rode ex Shuebl., two medicum Koern.; convar. nudum (L.) A.Trof.: one nudum L. та subsp. vulgare: convar. vulgare: nine pallidum Ser., three rikotense Regel.; convar. coeleste (L.) A.Trof.: one coeleste (L.) A.Trof.) from 26 countries, 11 years and four places of reproduction was analyzed. Seeds with 5–8% moisture content were stored in chamber with unregulated and 4oC temperature. The possibility of seed storage under these conditions for at least 10 years without significant changes in germination has been established. The importance of meteorological conditions in the formation and ripening of seeds for their longevity is confirmed. The relationship between the decrease of barley seeds longevity and storage conditions, amount of rainfall, temperature regime during the growing season of plants is discussed.

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