scholarly journals Toward the Era of a One-Stop Imaging Service Using an Angiography Suite for Neurovascular Disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Che Hung ◽  
Chung-Jung Lin ◽  
Wan-Yuo Guo ◽  
Feng-Chi Chang ◽  
Chao-Bao Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Flat Detector ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Angiography Suite ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Imaging Service ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Neurovascular Emergencies

Transportation of patients requiring multiple diagnostic and imaging-guided therapeutic modalities is unavoidable in current radiological practice. This clinical scenario causes time delays and increased risk in the management of stroke and other neurovascular emergencies. Since the emergence of flat-detector technology in imaging practice in recent decades, studies have proven that flat-detector X-ray angiography in conjunction with contrast medium injection and specialized reconstruction algorithms can provide not only high-quality and high-resolution CT-like images but also functional information. This improvement in imaging technology allows quantitative assessment of intracranial hemodynamics and, subsequently in the same imaging session, provides treatment guidance for patients with neurovascular disorders by using only a flat-detector angiographic suite—a so-called one-stop quantitative imaging service (OSIS). In this paper, we review the recent developments in the field of flat-detector imaging and share our experience of applying this technology in neurovascular disorders such as acute ischemic stroke, cerebral aneurysm, and stenoocclusive carotid diseases.

scholarly journals One-Stop Management of 230 Consecutive Acute Stroke Patients: Report of Procedural Times and Clinical Outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios-Nikos Psychogios ◽  
Ilko L. Maier ◽  
Ioannis Tsogkas ◽  
Amélie Carolina Hesse ◽  
Alex Brehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Flat Detector ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
Angiography Suite ◽  
One Stop

Background and purpose: Rapid thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion leads to improved outcome. Optimizing intrahospital management might diminish treatment delays. To examine if one-stop management reduces intrahospital treatment delays and improves functional outcome of acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. Methods: We performed a single center, observational study from June 2016 to November 2018. Imaging was acquired with the latest generation angiography suite at a comprehensive stroke center. Two-hundred-thirty consecutive adults with suspected acute stroke presenting within 6 h after symptom onset with a moderate to severe National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (≥10 in 2016; ≥7 since January 2017) were directly transported to the angiography suite by bypassing multidetector CT. Noncontrast flat-detector CT and biphasic flat-detector CT angiography were acquired with an angiography system. In case of a large vessel occlusion patients remained in the angiography suite, received intravenous rtPA therapy and underwent thrombectomy. As primary endpoints, door-to-reperfusion times and functional outcome at 90 days were recorded and compared in a case-control analysis with matched prior patients receiving standard management. Results: A total of 230 patients (123 women, median age of 78 years (Interquartile Range (IQR) 69–84)) were included. Median symptom-to-door time was 130 min (IQR 70–195). Large vessel occlusion was diagnosed in 166/230 (72%) patients; 64/230 (28%) had conditions not suitable for thrombectomy. Median door-to-reperfusion time for M1 occlusions was 64 min (IQR 56–87). Compared to 43 case-matched patients triaged with multidetector CT, median door-to-reperfusion time was reduced from 102 (IQR 85–117) to 68 min (IQR 53–89; p < 0.001). Rate of good functional outcome was significantly better in the one-stop management group (p = 0.029). Safety parameters (mortality, sICH, any hemorrhage) did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: One-stop management for stroke triage reduces intrahospital time delays in our specific hospital setting.

Abstract TMP3: One-stop Management of 230 Consecutive Acute Stroke Patients Report of Procedural Times and Clinical Outcome

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Psychogios ◽  
Ilko Maier ◽  
Ioannis Tsogkas ◽  
Amelie Hesse ◽  
Alex Brehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Flat Detector ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
Angiography Suite ◽  
One Stop

Introdruction: Rapid thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion leads to improved outcome. Optimizing intrahospital management might diminish treatment delays. To examine if one-stop management reduces intrahospital treatment delays and improves functional outcome of acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. Methods: We performed a single center, observational study from June 2016 to November 2018. Imaging was acquired with the latest generation angiography suite at a comprehensive stroke center. Two-hundred-thirty consecutive adults with suspected acute stroke presenting within 6 hours after symptom onset with a moderate to severe National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (≥ 10 in 2016; ≥ 7 since January 2017) were directly transported to the angiography suite by bypassing multidetector CT. Noncontrast flat-detector CT and biphasic flat-detector CT angiography were acquired with an angiography system. In case of a large vessel occlusion patients remained in the angiography suite, received intravenous rtPA therapy and underwent thrombectomy. As primary endpoints, door-to-reperfusion times and functional outcome at 90 days were recorded and compared in a case-control analysis with matched prior patients receiving standard management. Results: A total of 230 patients (123 women, median age of 78 years (IQR 69-84)) were included. Median symptom-to-door time was 130 min (IQR 70-195). Large vessel occlusion was diagnosed in 166/230 (72%) patients; 64/230 (28%) had conditions not suitable for thrombectomy. Median door-to-reperfusion time for M1 occlusions was 64 min (IQR 56-87). Compared to 43 case-matched patients triaged with multidetector CT, median door-to-reperfusion time was reduced from 102 (IQR 85-117) to 68 min (IQR 53-89; P <0.001). Rate of good functional outcome was significantly better in the one-stop management group ( P =0.029). Safety parameters (mortality, sICH, any hemorrhage) did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: One-stop management for stroke triage reduces intrahospital time delays in our specific hospital setting.

scholarly journals Machine Learning and Radiomics Applications in Esophageal Cancers Using Non-Invasive Imaging Methods—A Critical Review of Literature

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Chen-Yi Xie ◽  
Chun-Lap Pang ◽  
Benjamin Chan ◽  
Emily Yuen-Yuen Wong ◽  
Qi Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Imaging Markers

Esophageal cancer (EC) is of public health significance as one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Accurate staging, treatment planning and prognostication in EC patients are of vital importance. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) techniques demonstrate their potential to provide novel quantitative imaging markers in medical imaging. Radiomics approaches that could quantify medical images into high-dimensional data have been shown to improve the imaging-based classification system in characterizing the heterogeneity of primary tumors and lymph nodes in EC patients. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence of the most recent developments in ML application in imaging pertinent to EC patient care. According to the published results, ML models evaluating treatment response and lymph node metastasis achieve reliable predictions, ranging from acceptable to outstanding in their validation groups. Patients stratified by ML models in different risk groups have a significant or borderline significant difference in survival outcomes. Prospective large multi-center studies are suggested to improve the generalizability of ML techniques with standardized imaging protocols and harmonization between different centers.

scholarly journals A novel reconstruction framework for an imaging calorimeter for HL-LHC

2021 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cristella ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Particle Identification ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Radiation Tolerance ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
High Luminosity ◽  
Silicon Sensors ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

To sustain the harsher conditions of the high-luminosity LHC, the CMS collaboration is designing a novel endcap calorimeter system. The new calorimeter will predominantly use silicon sensors to achieve sufficient radiation tolerance and will maintain highly-granular information in the readout to help mitigate the effects of pileup. In regions characterised by lower radiation levels, small scintillator tiles with individual on-tile SiPM readout are employed. A unique reconstruction framework (TICL: The Iterative CLustering) is being developed to fully exploit the granularity and other significant detector features, such as particle identification and precision timing, with a view to mitigate pileup in the very dense environment of HL-LHC. The inputs to the framework are clusters of energy deposited in individual calorimeter layers. Clusters are formed by a density-based algorithm. Recent developments and tunes of the clustering algorithm will be presented. To help reduce the expected pressure on the computing resources in the HL-LHC era, the algorithms and their data structures are designed to be executed on GPUs. Preliminary results will be presented on decreases in clustering time when using GPUs versus CPUs. Ideas for machine-learning techniques to further improve the speed and accuracy of reconstruction algorithms will be presented.

scholarly journals Candidaemia in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita O. Oladele ◽  
Rashidi A. Bakare ◽  
Michael A. Petrou ◽  
Oyinlola O. Oduyebo ◽  
Malcolm Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Crude Mortality Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients

Background: Candidaemia is a widely-studied and reviewed topic in the developed world; however, there is a dearth of information on nosocomial candidaemia in Nigeria, despite the increasing use of more invasive therapeutic modalities, immunosuppressive agents and increasing incidence of immunosuppression as a result of malignancies and HIV.Objectives: To determine the hospital-based frequency of candidaemia in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria.Method: This was a prospective descriptive study which included 230 immunosuppressed patients. All isolates were identified to the species level using both conventional and automated methods. Thereafter, all Candida species isolated were tested for antifungal susceptibility using the broth microdilution method.Results: Candidaemia occurred in 12 (5.21%) of the 230 study patients, with C. tropicalis accounting for 50% of the infections. Four patients (33.3%) presented with C. parapsilosis, one (8.3%) with C. albicans and one (8.3%) with a mixed infection of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. All 12 isolates were sensitive to fluconazole (minimal inhibitory concentration < 8 mg/mL). Univariate analysis revealed that old age, multiple surgeries and long-term hospitalisation were significant contributing factors for the occurrence of candidaemia. Eleven (91.7%) of the 12 patients with candidaemia had Candida colonisation of other sterile sites including the bladder, peritoneum and trachea. Furthermore, bivariate analysis revealed that mucositis (p = 0.019) and diarrhoea (p = 0.017) were significantly associated with an increased risk of candidaemia. The crude mortality rate of candidaemia was 91.7%.Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of nosocomial candidaemia and the need for proactive laboratory investigation and clinical management of this life-threatening disease.

scholarly journals Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Spectrum Lines and Images

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 931-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Anderson ◽  
Jim Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Boundary Segregation ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Data Files

Recent developments in instrumentation and computing power have greatly improved the potential for quantitative imaging and analysis. For example, products are now commercially available that allow the practical acquisition of spectrum images, where an EELS or EDS spectrum can be acquired from a sequence of positions on the specimen. However, such data files typically contain megabytes of information and may be difficult to manipulate and analyze conveniently or systematically. A number of techniques are being explored for the purpose of analyzing these large data sets. Multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) provides a method for analyzing the raw data set as a whole. The basis of the MSA method has been outlined by Trebbia and Bonnet.MSA has a number of strengths relative to other methods of analysis. First, it is broadly applicable to any series of spectra or images. Applications include characterization of grain boundary segregation (position-), of channeling-enhanced microanalysis (orientation-), or of beam damage (time-variation of spectra).

Recent developments in suicide prevention among the Indigenous peoples of Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Dudgeon ◽  
Christopher Holland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Torres Strait Islander ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Torres Strait

Objectives: Suicide is an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter ‘Indigenous’) population health issue. Over 2015–2016, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Suicide Prevention Project (ATSISPEP) aimed to identify success factors in Indigenous suicide prevention. Conclusions: For non-Indigenous practitioners working with indigenous clients at risk of suicide, ATSISPEP identified important considerations to make treatment more effective. The start is acknowledging the differences in the historical, cultural, political, social and economic experiences of Indigenous peoples, and their greater exposure to trauma, psychological distress and risks to mental health. These mental health difficulties are specific and more prevalent amongst Indigenous peoples and communities due to the ongoing impacts of colonisation in Australia including a range of social determinants impacting on the well-being of Indigenous peoples today. Working effectively with Indigenous clients also includes being able to establish culturally safe work environments, and the ability of non-Indigenous practitioners to work in a culturally competent and trauma-informed manner. There are also considerations regarding time protocols and client follow-up. Further, postvention responses might be required. Supporting selective suicide prevention activity among younger people (and other groups at increased risk) and community-level work is an important complement to working with Indigenous individuals at risk of suicide.

Prevalence and Characterization of High Histamine–Producing Bacteria in Gulf of Mexico Fish Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTIN BJORNSDOTTIR-BUTLER ◽  
JOHN C. BOWERS ◽  
RONALD A. BENNER
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Spanish Mackerel ◽  
Histamine Production ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Photobacterium Damselae

Recent developments in detection and enumeration of histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) have created powerful molecular-based tools to better understand the presence of spoilage bacteria and conditions, resulting in increased risk of scombrotoxin fish poisoning. We examined 235 scombrotoxin-forming fish from the Gulf of Mexico for the presence of high HPB. Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae was the most prevalent HPB (49%), followed by Morganella morganii (14%), Enterobacter aerogenes (4%), and Raoultella planticola (3%). The growth characteristics and histamine production capabilities of the two most prevalent HPB were further examined. M. morganii and P. damselae had optimum growth at 35°C and 30 to 35°C and 0 to 2% and 1 to 3% NaCl, respectively. P. damselae produced significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher histamine than M. morganii in inoculated mahimahi and Spanish mackerel incubated at 30°C for 24 h, but histamine production was not significantly different between the two HPB in inoculated tuna, possibly due to differences in muscle composition and salt content. Results in this study showed that P. damselae was the most prevalent high HPB in Gulf of Mexico fish. In addition, previously reported results using the traditional Niven's method may underreport the prevalence of P. damselae. Molecular-based methods should be used in addition to culture-based methods to enhance detection and enumeration of HPB.

An update on the association of vitamin D deficiency with common infectious diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Watkins ◽  
Tracy L. Lemonovich ◽  
Robert A. Salata
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Future Research Directions

Vitamin D plays an important role in modulating the immune response to infections. Deficiency of vitamin D is a common condition, affecting both the general population and patients in health care facilities. Over the last decade, an increasing body of evidence has shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased risk for acquiring several infectious diseases, as well as poorer outcomes in vitamin D deficient patients with infections. This review details recent developments in understanding the role of vitamin D in immunity, the antibacterial actions of vitamin D, the association between vitamin D deficiency and common infections (like sepsis, pneumonia, influenza, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV)), potential therapeutic implications for vitamin D replacement, and future research directions.

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