scholarly journals Effects of Korean Red Ginseng and HAART onvifGene in 10 Long-Term Slow Progressors over 20 Years: High Frequency of Deletions and G-to-A Hypermutation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Keol Cho ◽  
Ba Reum Kim ◽  
Mee Soo Chang ◽  
Jung Eun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Patient Group ◽  
Control Patient ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Slow Progressors

To investigate if Korean red ginseng (KRG) affectsvifgene, we determinedvifgene over 20 years in 10 long-term slowly progressing patients (LTSP) who were treated with KRG alone and then KRG plus HAART. We also compared these data with those of 21 control patients who did not receive KRG. Control patient group harbored only one premature stop codon (PSC) (0.9%), whereas the 10 LTSP revealed 78 defective genes (18.1%) (P<0.001). The frequency of small in-frame deletions was found to be significantly higher in patients who received KRG alone (10.5%) than 0% in the pre-KRG or control patients (P<0.01). Regarding HAART,vifgenes containing PSCs were more frequently detected in patients receiving KRG plus HAART than patients receiving KRG alone or control patients (P<0.01). In conclusion, our current data suggest that the high frequency of deletions and PSC in thevifgene is associated with KRG intake and HAART, respectively.

High Frequency of Grossly Deleted nef Genes in HIV-1 Infected Long-Term Slow Progressors Treated with Korean Red Ginseng

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heungsup Sung ◽  
Hee Lee ◽  
Ji Lim ◽  
You Jung ◽  
Sun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Slow Progressors ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Nrf2 Plays an Essential Role in Long-Term Brain Damage and Neuroprotection of Korean Red Ginseng in a Permanent Cerebral Ischemia Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Marie G. Kelly ◽  
Erika L. Wierzbicki ◽  
Iana C. Escober-Nario ◽  
Mary K. Vollmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Reactive Gliosis ◽  
Ischemic Damage ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic Damage

Cerebral ischemia is a devastating disease with a high incidence of death and disability; however, effective therapeutics remain limited. The transcriptional factor Nrf2 has been shown to play a pivotal role in the endogenous defense against brain oxidative stress and inflammation, and therefore represents a promising target for stroke intervention. However, the long-term effects of Nrf2 and the standardized Korean red ginseng (ginseng), a potent Nrf2 natural inducer, on permanent cerebral ischemic damage have not yet been reported. Wildtype (WT) and Nrf2-/- adult mice were pretreated with either vehicle or ginseng, and were subjected to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pdMCAO). The infarct volume, the reactive astrocytes and microglia, and the water regulatory protein aquaporin 4 (AQP4) were examined at 28 days after stroke. When compared with the WT matched controls, the Nrf2 disruption significantly enlarged the infarct volume (40.4 ± 10.1%) and exacerbated the progression of reactive gliosis and AQP4 protein levels after pdMCAO. In contrast, ginseng significantly reduced the infarct volume and attenuated the reactive gliosis and AQP4 in the ischemic WT mice (47.3 ± 6.9%), but not in the Nrf2-/- mice (25.5 ± 5.6%). In conclusion, Nrf2 plays an important role in the long-term recovery of permanent cerebral ischemic damage and the neuroprotection of ginseng.

scholarly journals Korean Red Ginseng Pretreatment Protects Against Long-Term Sensorimotor Deficits After Ischemic Stroke Likely Through Nrf2

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Mary K. Vollmer ◽  
Victoria M. Fernandez ◽  
Yasmin Dweik ◽  
Hocheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Sensorimotor Deficits

scholarly journals Effect of Korean red ginseng extract on liver damage induced by shortterm and long-term ethanol treatment in rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Jeong Seo ◽  
Jae Youl Cho ◽  
Yeon Ho Jeong ◽  
Yong-Soon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Ethanol Treatment ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Ginseng Extract

Abstract WP86: Korean Red Ginseng Protects Against Long-term Sensorimotor Deficits After Ischemic Stroke Through The Nrf2 Pathway

Stroke ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Liu ◽  
Mary K Vollmer ◽  
Victoria M Fernandez ◽  
Yasmin Dweik ◽  
Hocheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Sensorimotor Deficits

scholarly journals Permanent Deiodinase Type 2 Deficiency Strongly Perturbs Zebrafish Development, Growth, and Fertility

Endocrinology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (9) ◽  
pp. 3668-3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Houbrechts ◽  
Julie Delarue ◽  
Isabelle J. Gabriëls ◽  
Jo Sourbron ◽  
Veerle M. Darras
Keyword(s):  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinases ◽  
Swim Bladder Inflation ◽  
Conserved Amino Acids

Iodothyronine deiodinases are selenocysteine-containing enzymes that activate or inactivate thyroid hormones (THs). Deiodinase type 2 (Dio2) catalyzes the conversion of the prohormone T4 into the transcriptionally active T3 and is the predominant activating deiodinase in zebrafish. Using zinc finger nucleases, we generated two different dio2−/− mutant zebrafish lines to investigate the physiological function of this TH activator. The first line contains a deletion of 9 bp, resulting in an in-frame elimination of three conserved amino acids. The other line is characterized by an insertion of 4 bp, leading to the introduction of a premature stop-codon. Both lines completely lack Dio2 activity, resulting in a strong reduction of T3 abundancy in all tissues tested. Early development is clearly perturbed in these animals, as shown by a diverse set of morphometric parameters, defects in swim bladder inflation, and disturbed locomotor activity tested between 1 and 7 days after fertilization. Permanent Dio2 deficiency also provokes long-term effects because growth and especially fertility are severely hampered. Possible compensatory mechanisms were investigated in adult dio2−/− mutants, revealing a down-regulation of the inactivating deiodinase Dio3 and TH receptor transcript levels. As the first nonmammalian model with permanent Dio2 deficiency, these mutant zebrafish lines provide evidence that Dio2 is essential to assure normal development and to obtain a normal adult phenotype.

Long-term intake of Korean red ginseng in HIV-1-infected patients: development of resistance mutation to zidovudine is delayed

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Keol Cho ◽  
Heungsup Sung ◽  
Hee Jung Lee ◽  
Chul Hyun Joo ◽  
Goon Jae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Deletion, insertion and stop codon mutations in vif genes of HIV-1 infecting slow progressor patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (07) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Rafael Rangel ◽  
Domingo Garzaro ◽  
Anny Karely Rodríguez ◽  
Alvaro Hernán Ramírez ◽  
Gladys Ameli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Premature Stop Codon ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Background Variable ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gene Defects ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Variable Progression

Background: Variable progression towards AIDS has been described and has been related to viral and host factors. Around 10% of the HIV-1 infected patients are slow progressors (SP), not presenting with AIDS disease signs even after more than 10 years of infection. Viral gene defects have been associated with the disease progression but more studies are still needed. Methodology: The sequence of vif and nef were analyzed for HIV-1 infecting 14 SP and 46 normal progressors (NP) patients. Results: Co-circulation of a strain carrying vif deleted gene with the wild type strain was detected in an SP patient with more than 10 years of infection. Other mutations (insertion in aa 63 in one strain, two premature stop codons in another one) were found in viruses infecting two other patients. Except for the SP8 strain, which exhibited a premature stop codon in nef, no gross deletions or insertions were observed in nef genes of both NPs and SPs strains analyzed. Conclusions: Different kind of mutation: deletion, insertion and stop codon, were detected in 3/14 samples from SP, with co-circulation of a 195 bp vif deletion virus with a wild type in one of these patients. Although vif defects do not seem to be a frequent feature in SPs, this study illustrates the importance of analysing this gene, in addition to the multiple factors associated with the long-term non progression to AIDS.

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