scholarly journals Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in a Cohort of HIV-Positive Patients Resident in Sicily, Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Tramuto ◽  
Carmelo Massimo Maida ◽  
Giuseppina M. E. Colomba ◽  
Paola Di Carlo ◽  
Francesco Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Serological Marker ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Low Prevalence

Occult hepatitis B virus (OBI) in HIV-infected groups is still debated, as well as the associated risk-factors and clinical significance. In this paper, we examined a total of 405 HBsAg-negative/HIV-infected patients enrolled from January 2007 to December 2009. Overall, the prevalence of OBI was 5.9% (95% confidence interval (CI95%): 3.8–8.7%); it was more frequently associated with “anti-HBc alone” serological marker (11.3%; adjusted odds ratio = 3.7, CI95%: 1.4–9.8), although it was also detected in the absence of any HBV serological marker (4.9%; CI95%: 2.3–9.1%). A low prevalence of anti-HCV-positive patients with OBI was found (3.1%; CI95%: 0.6–8.7%). HIV RNA plasma levels or other immunological/clinical characteristics were not significantly associated with OBI. All but one occult HBV infections were sustained by genotype D viral strains. OBI is relatively frequent in HIV-infected patients, although it does not seem to exert a relevant clinical impact. Viral genotypes in occult HBV infections reflect those circulating in the Mediterranean area.

Occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic liver disease.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15199-e15199
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Costa Diniz ◽  
Luciana Costa Faria ◽  
Paula Vieira Teixeira Vidigal ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Pascoal Xavier ◽  
Nayra Soares do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

e15199 Background: Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by persistence of HBV DNA into the tissue of hepatitis B surface antigen-negative individuals. The clinical relevance of this infection is still under debate. In particular, the impact of occult HBV infection in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncertain. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of occult HBV in patients with chronic liver disease, with or without HCC, that were submitted to liver transplantation or partial hepatectomy in Alfa Institute of Gastroenterology from Clinical Hospital - UFMG - Brazil. We tested the presence of VHB DNA in liver sample using nested PCR in four different regions of viral genome (pre-S/S, pre –core/core, polymerase and X). We also tested these patients’serum for HVB antigens (HBsAg and HBeAg)and antibodies (anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-HBC). Results: Our studied population included 71 patients, 50 (70.4%) were male and had median age of 51±12.5 years. Cirrhosis etiology was alcoholic (22 cases, 32.4%), viral hepatitis (17 cases, 25%), cryptogenic (16 cases, 23.5%), autoimmune (10 cases, 14.7%) and 3 cases of other etiologies. HCC was found in 22 patients (31.4%). Viral DNA was detected in 4 cases (5.6%), three of them with HCC. Among these three cases viral DNA was found in non-tumoral area in two of them and in HCC sample in the other one. Conclusions: The prevalence of occult hepatitis B infection was high in our population of cirrhotic patients submitted to liver transplant, especially with associated HCC.

Comparative study on the clinical and virological characteristics among patients with single occult hepatitis B virus (HBV), single occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) and occult HBV and HCV dual infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Castillo ◽  
Elena Rodríguez-Iñigo ◽  
Juan Manuel López-Alcorocho ◽  
Javier Bartolomé ◽  
Margarita Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Occult Hepatitis C

scholarly journals High Rates of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Ryan ◽  
Motswedi Anderson ◽  
Ivayla Gyurova ◽  
Lilliam Ambroggio ◽  
Sikhulile Moyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Abstract Background Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative but hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA-positive infection—known as occult hepatitis B infection (OBI)—occurs in 1% to >15% of HIV-positive individuals in the United States and South Africa, respectively. However, there are no data on OBI from Botswana, a country known to be hyperendemic for chronic HBV infection and to have a significant HIV burden. Methods Two hundred seventy-two adults enrolled in an HIV treatment study of tenofovir/emtricitabine as the nucleoside backbone who were previously determined to be HBsAg negative were tested for HBV DNA at baseline and 1 year after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results HBV DNA was detected in 72 of 272 (26.5%). Six individuals (8.3%) had HBV DNA levels greater than 200 IU/mL, and the highest viral load was 3280 IU/mL. Of 65 participants with OBI evaluated at 12 months after initiating HAART, only 1 (1.5%) had detectable HBV DNA. Conclusions Occult HBV infection is quite common in HIV-infected patients in Botswana, although its impact on the course of HIV disease progression is unknown. The suppression of occult HBV DNA levels by tenofovir/emtricitabine suggests an effective therapeutic option, although the long-term suppressive abilities remain unstudied.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overt and occult hepatitis B virus infections among 135 haemodialysis patients attending a haemodialysis centre at Al-Nasiriyah city, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muslim Dhahr Musa ◽  
Hekmat Kadhum Ateya
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hbv Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Occult Hbv ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among haemodialysis (HD) patients has been well documented. In addition to overt infection, occult Hepatitis B infection exists in which a patient who is diagnosed seronegative for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) shows positive HBV-DNA on using more accurate molecular methods. This study aims to determine the prevalence of overt and occult HBV infection among the HD patients who had attended Al-Nasiriyah dialysis centre during a two-month period. Materials and Methods: Serological qualitative detection of HBsAg by rapid test (strips), enzyme immunoassay (EIA, HBsAg) and molecular (real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR)) was conducted for quantitative detection of HBV in HD patients’ serum. Results: The prevalence of overt HBV infection among HD patients was 3.7%. The viral load of HBV positive patients was ranging from 5.85 × 101 to 2.16 × 106 copies/ml of serum with median (7.4 × 105 copies/ml). Occult Hepatitis B was not detected in any of the seronegative HD patients (0%). Overt infection was found more in males (80%) than females (20%) (P<0.05). Similarly, infection was found to be higher among patients who had blood transfusions (80%) than those who had not (20%) with statistical significant p<0.05. Although not statistically significant, the mean duration of HD was higher among HBV positive HD patients (17.6) than HBV negative HD patients (14.3). A dual infection of HBV and HCV was not detected in this study. Conclusion: Nosocomial transmissions at HD centres and blood transfusion are important risk factors. Besides serological screening, real-time PCR offers a safeguard against the spread of overt and occult HBV infection and determines the viral load of the positive patients.

scholarly journals Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among HIV Positive Patients in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye ◽  
Adeolu Sunday Oluremi ◽  
Adetona Babatunde Atiba ◽  
Moses Olubusuyi Adewumi ◽  
Olatunji Victor Mabayoje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Detectable Hbsag

HIV has been known to interfere with the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study we investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) among HIV-infected individuals in Nigeria. Overall, 1200 archived HIV positive samples were screened for detectable HBsAg using rapid technique, in Ikole Ekiti Specialist Hospital. The HBsAg negative samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV by ELISA. Polymerase chain reaction was used for HBV DNA amplification and CD4 counts were analyzed by cytometry. Nine hundred and eighty of the HIV samples were HBsAg negative. HBV DNA was detected in 21/188 (11.2%) of patients without detectable HBsAg. CD4 count for the patients ranged from 2 to 2,140 cells/μL of blood (mean = 490 cells/μL of blood). HCV coinfection was detected only in 3/188 (1.6%) of the HIV-infected patients (P>0.05). Twenty-eight (29.2%) of the 96 HIV samples screened were positive for anti-HBc. Averagely the HBV viral load was <50 copies/mL in the OBI samples examined by quantitative PCR. The prevalence of OBI was significantly high among HIV-infected patients. These findings highlight the significance of nucleic acid testing in HBV diagnosis in HIV patients.

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