scholarly journals Quality of Source Water and Drinking Water in Urban Areas of Myanmar

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Sakai ◽  
Yatsuka Kataoka ◽  
Kensuke Fukushi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Quality Assessments

Myanmar is one of the least developed countries in the world, and very little information is available regarding the nation’s water quality. This report gives an overview of the current situation in the country, presenting the results of various water-quality assessments in urban areas of Myanmar. River, dam, lake, and well water sources were examined and found to be of generally good quality. Both As andF-were present in relatively high concentrations and must be removed before deep wells are used. Heterotrophic plate counts in drinking water were highest in public pots, followed by nonpiped tap water, piped tap water, and bottled water. Measures need to be taken to improve low-quality water in pots and nonpiped tap waters.

scholarly journals Physicochemical characterization of drinking water of selected regions in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
MM Hossain ◽  
P Biswas ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
KF Usha ◽  
S Marzia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Separate Point

Water, the most vital resources for the survival of life is of major importance not only to have an adequate and accessible supply, but also to have quality water that is considered safe for human consumption. The study was designed with a view to investigating water quality by assessing physicochemical properties of drinking water collected from selected regions and to compare the regional variation among the quality of water. The analysed physical properties were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and the chemical properties were Iron (Fe) Lead (Pb), Sulphate (SO42-) and Phosphate (PO43-). Water samples were collected from separate point of tap water and tube well water and most of them were collected from restaurant, house hold and governmental office within the study areas. The result revealed:(a) the highest value for physical parameters pH, EC and TDS were 7.8, 723 µs/cm and535 mg/L respectively whereas for chemical parameters SO42-, PO43- and Fe it was 1.6, 0.53 and 1.1 mg/L respectively; (b) the lowest value for pH, EC and TDS were 6.9, 430 µs/cm and 180 mg/L respectively whereas for SO42-, PO43- and Fe it was 0.05, 0.04 and 0.05 mg/L respectively. All of them were present in water within the permissible limits except Fe (1.1 mg/L) and TDS (535 mg/L) as it exceeds WHO standards (0.3-1 mg/L) for Fe and (500 mg/L) for TDS (WHO, 2012). The result obtained for experimental parameters indicates that the water quality is slightly harmful for drinking purposes in terms of (Fe) household and (TDS) govt. office in some regions. Progressive Agriculture 31 (1): 36-44, 2020

scholarly journals Determining the geochemical hazard of drinking water: Case studies from the Novogorsk and the Aprelevka districts, Moscow Region, Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 09019
Author(s):  
K.Y. Mikhaylichenko ◽  
A.Y. Dorontsova ◽  
O.A. Maksimova ◽  
I.A. Adarchenko ◽  
A.I. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Tap Water Quality ◽  
Supply Systems

This study analyzed the composition of tap water quality in the centralized water supply systems of Novogorsk and Aprelevka districts of the Moscow region, Russia for compliance with hygienic standards as an assessment of health risk. The formulation of this topic results from the urgency of environmental safety within urban areas, which requires the development of theoretical and methodological capabilities for the forecast and management of technological risks associated with anthropogenic pollution.

scholarly journals How Perceptions of Trust, Risk, Tap Water Quality, and Salience Characterize Drinking Water Choices

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Madeline A. Grupper ◽  
Madeline E. Schreiber ◽  
Michael G. Sorice
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
The Public ◽  
Water Behavior

Provision of safe drinking water by water utilities is challenged by disturbances to water quality that have become increasingly frequent due to global changes and anthropogenic impacts. Many water utilities are turning to adaptable and flexible strategies to allow for resilient management of drinking water supplies. The success of resilience-based management depends on, and is enabled by, positive relationships with the public. To understand how relationships between managers and communities spill over to in-home drinking water behavior, we examined the role of trust, risk perceptions, salience of drinking water, and water quality evaluations in the choice of in-home drinking water sources for a population in Roanoke Virginia. Using survey data, our study characterized patterns of in-home drinking water behavior and explored related perceptions to determine if residents’ perceptions of their water and the municipal water utility could be intuited from this behavior. We characterized drinking water behavior using a hierarchical cluster analysis and highlighted the importance of studying a range of drinking water patterns. Through analyses of variance, we found that people who drink more tap water have higher trust in their water managers, evaluate water quality more favorably, have lower risk perceptions, and pay less attention to changes in their tap water. Utility managers may gauge information about aspects of their relationships with communities by examining drinking water behavior, which can be used to inform their future interactions with the public, with the goal of increasing resilience and adaptability to external water supply threats.

The impact of investment on drinking water quality in rural China

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Ai Yue ◽  
Yaojiang Shi ◽  
Renfu Luo ◽  
Linxiu Zhang ◽  
Natalie Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representative Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Although access to safe drinking water is one of the most important health-related infrastructure programs in the world, drinking water remains a large problem in China today, especially in rural areas. Despite increased government investment in water resource protection and management, there is still an absence of academic studies that are able to document what path the investment has taken and whether it has had any tangible impact. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of drinking water investment on drinking water in China. Design/methodology/approach The authors make use of nationally representative data from 2005 and 2012 to measure the impact of drinking water investment among 2,028 rural households in 101 villages across five provinces. Both ordinary least squares regression and probit regression are used to analyze the correlates and the impact of drinking water investment. Findings The authors demonstrate that water quality was likely a significant problem in 2004 but that China’s investment into drinking water appears to have resulted in initial improvements during the study period. The authors show that the most significant change came about in terms of hardware: villages that received more drinking water investment now have more piped tap water and more access to water treatment infrastructure (disinfecting and filtering facilities). High rates of rural resident satisfaction with drinking water suggest the effects of drinking water investment are being felt at the village level. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study on drinking water investment over time in rural China using nationally representative data.

scholarly journals Impacts of temperature alteration on the drinking water quality stored in plastic bottles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelkader T. Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Emad ◽  
Mohammed A. Bkary
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Heating Water ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Levels

AbstractMany people prefer to drink bottled water instead off the tap water. The bottled water is stored in the plastic bottles sometimes for long time. These plastic bottles might leach out some harmful materials into the water especially when exposed to temperature alteration, which may affect human health. This research work focused on investigating the effect of changing temperature on the bottled water quality. The work studied the effect of heating water in plastic bottles by sun, oven, and microwave. The study included also the impact of cooling and freezing the bottled waters. Results showed that temperature alterations caused changes in some physicochemical properties of bottled waters such as decreasing the values of pH and TDS and increasing levels of fluoride and chloride. In addition, the concentration levels of some physiochemical parameters exceeded the permissible values for drinking water. With temperature alterations, all levels of heavy metals in bottled waters were minimal except some small concentrations of copper and zinc. Results confirmed also differences in behavior between the bottled water brands exposed to the same temperature alterations. Heating bottled waters above 50 °C is alarming problem on the water quality. This is because above this degree, many alternations were observed in the water content. The outcomes of this work are useful for improving the current legislation on bottled waters and their storage.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physiochemical Characteristics of Drinking Water Quality in Allahabad Metropolitan City, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Roohi Rawat ◽  
A. R. Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
The World

Clean and safe drinking water is important for the overall health and wellbeing; therefore, access to safe potable drinking water is one of the basic amenities of humankind, especially in urban areas with high consumption pattern of the large population inhabiting these spaces. Among the various sources of water, groundwater is considered to be the safest source of drinking water. However, due to rapid industrialization and population growth, the groundwater resources are getting polluted with harmful contaminants. These contaminants can be chemical or microbiological and cause various health problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80 percent of all diseases in the world are directly or indirectly related to the contamination of water. Water in its natural state is colorless, odorless, and free from pathogens with pH in the range of 6.5–8.5. This water is termed as “potable water.” In the present study, the researchers have made an attempt to assess the physiochemical characteristics of drinking water quality in Allahabad and the effect of these contaminants on the health of the consumers. A comparison of the parameter standards as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (ISI, Indian standard specification for drinking water (IS10500). New Delhi: ISI, 1983 ) and the WHO (Guidelines for drinking water quality (Vol. 1). Geneva: WHO, 1984 ) have also been made to understand the national and global benchmarks. With the help of the standards of various parameters given by these organizations, the assessment of water quality of samples from various locations in Allahabad has been done.

Survey of Bottled Drinking Water Sold in Canada. Part 1. Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, Aluminum, and Fluoride

1992 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W Dabeka ◽  
Henry B S Conacher ◽  
John Salminen ◽  
Gerald R Nixon ◽  
Gunther Riedel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Mineral Spring ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Drug Regulations ◽  
Tap Water Quality

Abstract Samples of bottled water (n = 172) offered for sale in Canada were analyzed for lead, cadmium, arsenic, aluminum, and fluoride: means and ranges (μg/g) found were, respectively, 0.0026 (<0.0010- 0.074), 0.00018 (<0.0001-0.0004), 0.0030 (<0.001- 0.048), 0.027 (<0.010-0.568), and 0.543 (<0.050- 5.85). Comparison of levels among mineral waters (n = 64), spring waters (n = 77), and miscellaneous waters (n = 31) indicated appreciable differences only in the case of fluoride. For fluoride, the means and medians (μg/g) for mineral, spring, and miscellaneous waters were 1.179 and 0.455, 0.152 and 0.090, and 0.201 and <0.050, respectively. No samples were found in violation of the tolerances in the Canadian Food and Drug Regulations; however, 1 sample (in a lead-soldered can) contained lead and 15 samples contained fluoride at levels above the limits recommended by the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water (tap-water) Quality.

scholarly journals Urgency of Proper E-Waste Management Plan in Nepal: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Jyoti Giri ◽  
Rameshwar Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Developed Nations

 Electrical and electronic gadgets (or E-gadgets) have become indispensable components of our daily life these days. As today’s electrical and electronic devices become tomorrow’s waste, the potential hazards of these materials in an open environment are significant, as they can contaminate soil, drinking water, air and thus directly affecting human health and surrounding biota. With time, the random disposal of these wastes may lead to a disastrous situation. Although Nepal is one of the least developed countries, also in terms of electrical and electronic equipment, we are importing the high-tech E-gadgets from the developed nations and using them without a proper vision for their after-use management and their impacts on socio-economic values as well as health and environment. It has become an urgent need of the hour to address E-waste challenges taking into consideration the best suited international policies and practices.

Absence of Relationship between Health Effects Due to Tap Water Consumption and Drinking Water Quality Parameters

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Payment ◽  
Eduardo Franco ◽  
Jack Siemiatycki
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Illnesses

An 18-month prospective epidemiological study of gastrointestinal illnesses was conducted on 300 families consuming conventionally treated tap water and 300 consuming the same water after further treatment by reverse-osmosis. Drinking water met current bacteriological and physicochemical quality standards, but was found to be associated with a significant level of gastrointestinai illnesses: a reduction of 30% of the gastrointestinal illnesses was observed in the group consuming the filtered water. The presence or absence of total coliforms or fecal coliforms was not indicative of the health effects observed. The heterotrophic plate counts at 20°C in the distribution system were weakly associated with the duration of the symptoms when the data was analyzed by subregion. Several approaches to clustering of the family data to the nearest sampling site were attempted: no association could be demonstrated. Even if consumers of reverse-osmosis water experienced, on the average, less gastrointestinal illnesses, their illnesses were significantly associated with the number of bacteria growing at 35°C on medium R2A. The problems associated with the predictive value of the bacterial content of a water sample and in particular, the major differences between water quality at the tap and in the distribution system are presented. For example, standard procedures require analysis of the water after flushing the tap for several minutes: this is not however typical of the water that is consumed. Water that comes out of the tap has stagnated for long periods in household pipes and regrowth of bacterial contaminants can easily occur. The bacteria growing in this water might thus be responsible for some of the health effects observed in tap water.

A Case Study on the Automatic Control of Chemical Dosing Processes for Full-Scale Drinking Water Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1981-1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Sheng Wang ◽  
Xing Peng Zhou ◽  
Xiao Ming Mo ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Automatic Control ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Quality Water

During drinking water treatment, the chemical dosing processes, such as coagulant dosing process, ozone dosing process and chlorine dosing process are usually manually operated based on the operator knowledge and experience. However, due to the variations of water quality, water flow and process operational conditions and characteristics of large time-delay and nonlinear for the chemical dosing processes, it is difficult to adjust the chemical dosages in time by operators to keep the treated water quality stable, especially during the periods of rapid and frequent variations of water quality, water flow and process operational conditions. Thus, the improvements of control methods for the chemical dosing processes are essential to the operation of drinking water treatment plants. The Xiangcheng Water Treatment Plant in Suzhou, China has been utilizing the automatic control for chemical dosing processes since February 2012. Automatic controllers are designed respectively for the coagulant dosing process, ozone dosing process and chlorine dosing process. After the implementation of automatic control, operators are not necessary to keep constant attention. In addition, due to the improvements of control accuracies for the chemical dosing processes, the chemical dosages are reduced on the premise of ensuring safe water. Thus, both of the human resource costs and material costs can be saved. The practical control results demonstrate the efficiencies of proposed methods.

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