scholarly journals Improving the Demulsification Process of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion through Blending with Diluent

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Salam ◽  
A. O. Alade ◽  
A. O. Arinkoola ◽  
A. Opawale
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Flow Line ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Surface Separation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Demulsification Process

In crude oil production from brown fields or heavy oil, there is production of water in oil emulsions which can either be controlled or avoided. This emulsion resulted in an increase in viscosity which can seriously affect the production of oil from sand phase up to flow line. Failure to separate the oil and water mixture efficiently and effectively could result in problems such as overloading of surface separation equipments, increased cost of pumping wet crude, and corrosion problems. Light hydrocarbon diluent was added in varied proportions to three emulsion samples collected from three different oil fields in Niger delta, Nigeria, to enhance the demulsification of crude oil emulsion. The viscosity, total petroleum hydrocarbon, and quality of water were evaluated. The viscosity of the three emulsions considered reduced by 38, 31, and 18%. It is deduced that the increase in diluent blended with emulsion leads to a corresponding decrease in the value of viscosity. This in turn enhanced the rate of demulsification of the samples. The basic sediment and water (BS&W) of the top dry oil reduces the trace value the three samples evaluated, and with optimum value of diluent, TPH values show that the water droplets are safe for disposal and for other field uses.

scholarly journals An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saad ◽  
Mohammed Kamil ◽  
N. H. Abdurahman ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus ◽  
Omar I. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Demulsification Process ◽  
Different Sources

The processing of crude oil often requires the extraction of a large amount of water. Frequently, crude oil is mixed with water to form water-in-crude oil emulsions as the result of factors such as high shear at the production wellhead and surface-active substances that are naturally present in crude oil. These emulsions are undesirable and require demulsification to remove the dispersed water and associated inorganic salts in order to meet production and transportation specifications. Additionally, the demulsification of these crude oil emulsions mitigates corrosion and catalyst poisoning and invariably maximizes the overall profitability of crude oil production. Recently, there has been growing research interest in developing workable solutions to the difficulties associated with transporting and refining crude oil emulsions and the restrictions on produced water discharge. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent research efforts on state-of-the-art demulsification techniques. First, an overview of crude oil emulsion types, formation, and stability is presented. Then, the parameters and mechanisms of emulsification formation and different demulsification techniques are extensively examined. It is worth noting that the efficiency of each of these techniques is dependent on the operating parameters and their interplay. Moreover, a more effective demulsification process could be attained by leveraging synergistic effects by combining one or more of these techniques. Finally, this literature review then culminates with propositions for future research. Therefore, the findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the formation and mechanisms of the various demulsification methods of crude oil to work on the development of green demulsifiers by different sources.

Demulsification of a Water-in-crude Oil Emulsion with a Corn Oil BasedDemulsifier using the Response Surface Methodology: Modelling and Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed Saad ◽  
Nour Abdurahman ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Oil Emulsions

: In this study, the Sany-glass test was used to evaluate the performance of a new surfactant prepared from corn oil as a demulsifier for crude oil emulsions. Central composite design (CCD), based on the response surface methodology (RSM), was used to investigate the effect of four variables, including demulsifier dosage, water content, temperature, and pH, on the efficiency of water removal from the emulsion. As well, analysis of variance was applied to examine the precision of the CCD mathematical model. The results indicate that demulsifier dose and emulsion pH are two significant parameters determining demulsification. The maximum separation efficiency of 96% was attained at an alkaline pH and with 3500 ppm demulsifier. According to the RSM analysis, the optimal values for the input variables are 40% water content, 3500 ppm demulsifier, 60 °C, and pH 8.

scholarly journals KUALITAS AIR SUMUR MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR SAMPAH (TPAS) RAWA KUCING KOTA TANGERANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Supriyono Eko Wardoyo ◽  
Ridha Arizal
Keyword(s):  
Total Coliform ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Quality Regulation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control

The Quality of Well Water around Final Garbage Dump (FGD)  Rawa Kucing, Tangerang, IndonesiaFGD Rawa Kucing is located at Sultan Iskandar Muda Street, Kedaung Wetan, Neglasari, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia. It serves 1000 tons of garbage per day from 13 districts in Tangerang. The volume of garbage in Kota Tangerang increases from 1,212,264 m3 in 2008 to 4,590,724 m3in 2012.Well water is the main source of water for people around the FGD RawaKucing. They use well water for bath, wash,  and toilet (BWT) and other needs. Garbage decomposition which makes pollution around FGD Rawa Kucing can accur in air, water, and soil. Waste accurs in water and soil caused by leachate. Leachate can easily  spread through rainwater runoff and it absorbs to the ground and polluting it including well water around it. Contaminated well water can decrease the quality of water physically, chemically, and microbiologically.Groundwater samples taken from residents' well water around FGD Rawa Kucing  and they were represented by three groups which have distance 100 m - 3 km from FGD. Each group consisted of three samples which were taken from well water having depths between 8-18 m. The examination of the quality of well water should be made in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.416/MENKE /PER/IX/1990 on the Conditions and Control of the Quality of Clean Water and Quality Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/ on Requirements and Quality Control of Drinking Water.The quality of well water around FGD Rawa Kucing showed that there were the decreased quality water after testing with several parameter tests. There were six examination parameters which concentrate on exceeding the required quality standards that of TDS (1600-1764 mg/L), Nitrates (10.5-37.8 mg/L), Ammonia (3.50-66.21 mg/L), Iron (1.054-7.063 mg/L), Manganese (1.085-10.130 mg/L), and Total Coliform (80-130 colonies/100 mL).Keywords : Well water, leachate, TPAS, pollution, water qualityABSTRAKTPAS Rawa Kucing berada di Jalan Sultan Iskandar Muda Kelurahan Kedaung Wetan, Kecamatan Neglasari, Kota Tangerang, Banten dan mengangkut 1000 ton sampah/hari dari 13 kecamatan.Volume sampah di Kota Tangerang terus meningkat dari tahun 2008 sebesar 1.212.264 m3 sampai pada tahun 2012 telah mencapai 4.590.724 m3. Air sumur merupakan sumber air utama bagi masyarakat sekitar TPAS, karena hampir semua kebutuhan air dipenuhi dari air sumur yaitu untuk Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK) dan kebutuhan lainnya. Pencemaran akibat dekomposisi sampah dapat terjadi di udara, dapat pula terjadi pada air dan tanah yang disebabkan oleh adanya rembesan air lindi. Lindi tersebut mudah disebarkan melalui limpasan air hujan dan meresap mencemari air tanah termasukair sumur yang ada di sekitarnya. Air sumur yang terkontaminasi lindi berakibat terjadinya penurunan kualitas air secara fisik, kimia, dan mikrobiologi. Air tanah sampelyang diambil berasal dari sumur penduduk yang berada di sekitar TPAS Rawa Kucing diwakili oleh 3 pengelompokkan dengan jarak 100 m – 3 km dari TPAS. Setiap kelompok terdiri dari 3 sumur pompa dengan kedalaman sumur antara 8 – 18 m. Pemeriksaan kualitas air sumur dilakukan  mengacu pada Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 tentang Syarat-syarat dan Pengawasan Kualitas Air Bersih dan Peraturan MenteriKesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 tentang Syarat-syaratdan Pengawasan Kualitas Air minum.  Kualitas air sumur masyarakat di sekitar TPAS Rawa Kucing mengalami penurunan setelah dilakukan pengujian terhadap beberapa parameter. Ada 6 parameter pemeriksaan yang mempunyai konsentrasi  melebihi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan yaitu TDS (1600-1764 mg/L), Nitrat (10,5-37,8 mg/L), Amonia (3,50-66,21 mg/L), Besi (1,054-7,063 mg/L), Mangan (1,085-10,130 mg/L), dan Total Coliform (80-130 koloni/100 mL).Kata kunci : Air sumur, air lindi, TPAS, pencemaran, kualitas air

scholarly journals Mimicking the Crude Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Demulsification Process in Power Plants for Preparing a New Demulsifiers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
Faris Moayed Ahmed Hamdy ◽  
Abdullatif Mohammed Raouf ◽  
Israa Abdulsatar Esmael ◽  
Laith Hamza Thuaban ◽  
Nadia Fakhry Ibraheem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Demulsification Process

Water–in–oil emulsions are a big challenge in the production and processing of crude oil due to its bad influence on the fundamental and practical aspects of industrial facilities. Researches for decades gave this phenomena a great deal in the planning to construct power plants, refineries, oil companies and other industrial facilities that uses crude oil as a raw material. In order to overcome the disadvantages and hazards of water–in–oil emulsions researchers used chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical methods individually or in combination. The chemical method has gained the main interest due to its ease of use and economic feasibility. Demulsifiers have been used extensively to solve the problem of water in oil emulsions. The choice of using the right combination of chemicals had been reached after studying many factors such as cost and safety. This research addresses many fundamental and practical aspects regarding demulsifiers and oil demulsification aiming to find the best selection of chemicals that can be used to treat crude oil before using, refining or transporting it. The crude oil in this research had been demulsified and tested by the spectroil test method while the bottle test method had not been used to mimic the demulsification process used in power plant. The work was carried out using two types of oil, crude oil (containing 7 ppm Na and K salts concentration) and heavy fuel oil HFO (containing 12 ppm Na and K salts concentration). The crude oil samples were taken from Al – Hilla 2 power plant while the HFO samples were taken from South Baghdad 2 power plant. The results showed that the water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility that used as a demulsifiers like the acrylic derivatives gave the best demulsification when using more wash water percentage. While the combination of water miscible chemicals and chemicals with sufficient solubility and oil soluble chemicals gave the best results in treating heavy fuel oil while using less wash water percentage.

scholarly journals Optimization of (RP6000 and MAKS-9150) demulsifiers for separation of water from (Kirkuk / baba, Khbbaz) crude oil emulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Dr. Mueyyed Akram Arslan ◽  
Dr. Ghassan Burhan Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
Oil Emulsions

In this study oil-soluble (RP6000 and MAKS-9150) emulsion breakers have been selected for separation of water from Kirkuk / baba (50oC), Khbbaz (40oC) crude oil emulsions and their activity measured using the Bottle test method at different concentration and found the activity of RP6000 demulsified best than MAKS-9150 emulsion breakers. RP6000 separated water (100%) in (15)min., (40)ppm and in (60)min., (20)ppm of demulsified for Kirkuk/ baba Crude oil and for khbbaz Crude oil the (100%) water separation was in (15)min., (80)ppm and in (30)min., (60)ppm and PH effect, salinity, temperature and density of emulsion stability depending on literature were explained for Optimization.

scholarly journals Rheology of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions: Influence of Concentration and Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria S. Kolotova ◽  
Yuliya A. Kuchina ◽  
Lyudmila A. Petrova ◽  
Nicolay G. Voron’ko ◽  
Svetlana R. Derkach
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Phase Content ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Emulsions

The effect of aqueous phase content and temperature North Sea crude oil emulsion viscoelastic behavior has been studied. Heavy crude oil from the North Sea is of high viscosity and is capable of forming stable water-in-crude oil (w/o) emulsions without introducing any synthetic surfactants. The aqueous phase volume content was varied from 1 to 40%, and the temperature was varied from 0 to 30 °C. The w/o emulsion viscosity increased sharply when the aqueous phase content exceeds 20%, being more pronounced at the lower temperatures. The viscosity flow curves for emulsions containing more than 20% aqueous phase demonstrate non-Newtonian behavior, in contrast to crude oil, which is Newtonian. The coefficients in the master curve describing the viscosity-temperature dependence were determined. Oscillatory rheological tests showed that the loss modulus substantially exceeds the storage modulus which indicates the liquid-like state of the emulsions.

Considerations for Using a Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid for Breaking Crude Oil Emulsion from Reservoir

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1498-1500
Author(s):  
Lacramioara Olarasu ◽  
Maria Stoicescu ◽  
Ion Malureanu ◽  
Ion Onutu
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsions

In the oil industry, crude oil emulsions appear very frequently in almost all activities, starting with drilling and continuing with completion, production, transportation and processing. They are usually formed naturally or during oil production and their presence can have a strong impact on oil production and facilities. In this paper we addressed the problem of oil emulsions present in a reservoir with unfavorable flow properties. It is known that the presence of emulsions in a reservoir can influence both flow capacity and the quality of its crude oil, especially when they are associated with porous medium�s low values of permeability. Considering this, we have introduced a new procedure for selecting a special fluid of fracture. This fluid has two main roles: to create new flow paths from the reservoir rock to wells; to produce emulsion breaking of emulsified oil from pore of rocks. Best fracturing fluid performance was determined by laboratory tests. Selected fluid was then used to stimulate an oil well located on an oil field from Romania. In the final section of this paper,we are presenting a short analysis of the efficiency of the operation of hydraulic fracturing stimulation probe associated with the crude oil emulsion breaking process.

scholarly journals Malaysian Crude Oil Emulsions : Stability Study

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
B. Pramudono ◽  
H. B. Mat
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Of Water ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion

The stability of water-in-oil emulsion of some Malaysian crude oils was studied with particular emphasis on effect of interfacial active components existed in the crude oil, i.e. asphaltene, resin and wax. The emulsion stability was studied by measuring the volume of water or oil phase separated in variation with time, water hold up, and the heights of the sedimenting/coalescing interfaces during the separation at various temperatures. The study investigated the influence of asphaltene, resin and wax on emultion stability if it`s present in the crude oil alone, together or combination one of the others. The result show that the interfacial active component that stabilize emulsion is asphaltene. The resin and wax  do not form stale emulsion either aloneor together. There is a correlation between emulsion stability and physicochemical properties of crude oil which showed that higher asphaltene content in the crude oil would form more stable emultion. Increased temperature was found to cause instability of emultion. Keywords : emultion stability, crude oil, asphaltene, resin and wax

Cryptosporidium Contamination in Harvesting Areas of Bivalve Molluscs

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIPÓLITO GÓMEZ-COUSO ◽  
FERNANDO MÉNDEZ-HERMIDA ◽  
JOSÉ ANTONIO CASTRO-HERMIDA ◽  
ELVIRA ARES-MAZÉS
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Cryptosporidium Baileyi

Cryptosporidium contamination was evaluated in areas in Galicia (northwestern Spain) where bivalve molluscs are harvested. Galicia is the main mussel-producing region in Europe. Data were collected on water contamination of effluents that are discharged into these areas. Cryptosporidium spp. were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy and molecular methods in 71% of the river water samples (n = 7), 64% of raw sewage samples (n = 11), 50% of effluents from wastewater treatment plants (n = 16), and 29.3% of the mussel samples (Mytilus galloprovincialis, n = 184). Cryptosporidium parvum was identified in all samples of contaminated mussels, Cryptosporidium muris was found in three samples of effluent from wastewater treatment plants, and Cryptosporidium baileyi was found in a sample of raw sewage. Further studies are needed to determine the parasitological quality of water in these shellfish harvesting and recreational areas. Cryptosporidium could be a public health risk from consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated molluscs and use of contaminated waters for recreational purposes.

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