scholarly journals The PotentIn VitroSkin Permeation of Archaeosome Made from Lipids Extracted ofSulfolobus acidocaldarius

Archaea ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eskandar Moghimipour ◽  
Mohammad Kargar ◽  
Zahra Ramezani ◽  
Somayeh Handali
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Particle Size Determination ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
New Generation

Archaeosomes are a new generation of liposomes that exhibit higher stabilities under different conditions, such as high temperatures, alkaline or acidic pH, and presence of bile salts in comparison with liposomes, and can be used in biotechnology including drug, gene, and vaccine delivery. The objective of this study was to prepare archaeosomes using lipid extracted fromSulfolobus acidocaldariusand evaluate their physicochemical properties. The lipids were extracted fromS. acidocaldariusand assayed by High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC). Archaeosomes were prepared using film method and methylene blue was used as drug model. They were characterized for their vesicle size and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate changes in their thermal behavior. The released amount of methylene blue was determined using a dialysis membrane and rat skin. HPTLC analysis of the extracted lipids showed that glycerol ether may be the major lipid with more than 78 percent probability. Results of particle size determination showed a mean size of 158.33 nm and the results of DSC indicated the possible interaction of methylene blue with lipids during the preparation of archaeosome. The addition of cholesterol significantly improved the encapsulation of methylene blue in the archaeosome so that the encapsulation efficiency was 61.66 ± 2.88%. The result ofin vitroskin permeation showed that methylene blue could pass through skin model according to Peppas model and there was about 41.66% release after 6 h, whereas no release was observed through dialysis membrane. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that archaeosome may be successfully used as drug delivery system.

scholarly journals Penetration of Chlorhexidine into Human Skin

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 3633-3636 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Karpanen ◽  
T. Worthington ◽  
B. R. Conway ◽  
A. C. Hilton ◽  
T. S. J. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Thickness Skin ◽  
Skin Antisepsis ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Franz Diffusion Cells

ABSTRACT This study evaluated a model of skin permeation to determine the depth of delivery of chlorhexidine into full-thickness excised human skin following topical application of 2% (wt/vol) aqueous chlorhexidine digluconate. Skin permeation studies were performed on full-thickness human skin using Franz diffusion cells with exposure to chlorhexidine for 2 min, 30 min, and 24 h. The concentration of chlorhexidine extracted from skin sections was determined to a depth of 1,500 μm following serial sectioning of the skin using a microtome and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. Poor penetration of chlorhexidine into skin following 2-min and 30-min exposures to chlorhexidine was observed (0.157 ± 0.047 and 0.077 ± 0.015 μg/mg tissue within the top 100 μm), and levels of chlorhexidine were minimal at deeper skin depths (less than 0.002 μg/mg tissue below 300 μm). After 24 h of exposure, there was more chlorhexidine within the upper 100-μm sections (7.88 ± 1.37 μg/mg tissue); however, the levels remained low (less than 1 μg/mg tissue) at depths below 300 μm. There was no detectable penetration through the full-thickness skin. The model presented in this study can be used to assess the permeation of antiseptic agents through various layers of skin in vitro. Aqueous chlorhexidine demonstrated poor permeation into the deeper layers of the skin, which may restrict the efficacy of skin antisepsis with this agent. This study lays the foundation for further research in adopting alternative strategies for enhanced skin antisepsis in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Mycoplasmacidal activity of bovine milk for T-mycoplasmas

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brownlie ◽  
C. J. Howard ◽  
R. N. Gourlay
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Second Peak ◽  
Stimulation Of

SummaryNormal bovine milk and whey was mycoplasmacidal for 6 of the 13 strains of bovine T-mycoplasmas examined. Thein vitroassay used also demonstrated no killing of the human, canine and simian T-mycoplasma strains after 4 hr. incubation. However, there appeared to be some cow-to-cow variation in possession of this activity, and followingE. coliendotoxin stimulation of the mammary gland the activity was considerably reduced.Whey from three normal cows was fractionated on a Bio-Gel A 1·5 m. column and the mycoplasmacidal activity of the resulting five peaks assayed. Only the second peak, peak B, contained activity and was characterized as the only peak containing bovine IgA. The active component in whey, however, was found to be heat stable at 60° C. for 60 minutes and to pass through a dialysis membrane. This is inconsistent with it being immunoglobulin.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Amorphous Solid Dispersion with Amphotericin B

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyes Mehenni ◽  
Malika Lahiani-Skiba ◽  
Guy Ladam ◽  
François Hallouard ◽  
Mohamed Skiba
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Amorphous Solid Dispersion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Powder Aerosols

In the present study, new polymer microspheres of amphotericin B (AmB) were prepared by a spray drying technique using cyclodextrin polymers (Poly-CD) to improve the solubility and dissolution of AmB, to prevent in vivo toxic AmB aggregations. Formulations were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal analysis, Raman spectroscopy, particle size, drug purity test and in vitro release studies. The analysis indicated that the chemical structure of AmB remained unchanged in the amorphous solid dispersion, but the structure was changed from crystalline to amorphous. AmB was completely release from such optimized formulations in dissolution media in 40 min. This work may contribute to a new generation of spherical amorphous solid dispersion using a cyclodextrin polymer, which has implications for the possibility of drug development for oral utilization or as powder aerosols for pulmonary administration.

Nanostructured-lipid carriers-Chitosan hydrogel beads carrier system for loading of resveratrol: A new method of topical application

2022 ◽  
pp. 088532822110539
Author(s):  
Bi Wu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Yuan Y Li ◽  
Zhi H Shi ◽  
Xiao H Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Hydrogel Beads

The aim of this study was to develop nanostructured-lipid carriers (NLC) encapsulated by Chitosan hydrogel beads for the efficient topical carrier. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were conducted to study the influence of the encapsulation on the characteristic of resveratrol-loaded NLC, and the results showed that there was no impact on resveratrol-loaded NLC. Chitosan hydrogel beads could significantly improve the physical stability of resveratrol-loaded NLC. In vitro release study revealed that resveratrol-loaded NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads had a more significant sustained-release effect on resveratrol. In vitro transdermal studies suggested that the skin permeation of resveratrol was promoted by the effect of Chitosan hydrogel beads and increased resveratrol distribution in the skin. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that resveratrol-loaded NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads did not exert a hazardous effect on L929 cells. Hence, NLC-Chitosan hydrogel beads might be a promising method for topical applications of resveratrol.

scholarly journals Solid Dosage Forms of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Intended for Pediatric Use: Formulation and Stability Studies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Maria S. Synaridou ◽  
Eleftherios G. Andriotis ◽  
Constantinos K. Zacharis ◽  
Dimitrios G. Fatouros ◽  
Catherine K. Markopoulou
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Anion Exchange Column ◽  
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Relative Standard

Undesirable taste has always been a key issue for oral dosage forms. The aim of the present study was to co-formulate dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP), in common pediatric oral forms, using sweet preserves and/or different types of chocolate as excipients. An array of different kinds of chocolate were co-formulated with DSP and were further characterized by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. For the assay of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), the chocolate samples were pre-treated by means of liquid extraction and analyzed using an high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with a strong anion exchange column and a phosphate buffer (17 mM, pH = 3)/acetonitrile, 50:50 v/v as mobile phase. The developed chromatographic method was validated based on the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines (%Mean Recovery = 99.4% and %Relative Standard Deviation, RSD = 0.43%). Furthermore, dissolution and in vitro digestion tests of chocolate formulations were evaluated. The DSP was found to be stable for at least 1 year in prepared preparations.

scholarly journals Detection of Raspberry Ketone after Percutaneous Absorption of Rhododendrol-Containing Cosmetics and Its Mechanism of Formation

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Lihao Gu ◽  
Akio Fujisawa ◽  
Kazuhisa Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Raspberry Ketone ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
In Vitro Skin Permeation

Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of rhododendrol (RD)-induced leukoderma. We investigated the skin permeability of RD in an aqueous solution and in different cosmetic formulations (lotion and emulsion) in an in vitro skin permeation study. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and an unknown substance appeared on the spectrum. For identification, we analyzed various possible substances, such as raspberry ketone (RK) and rhododendrol quinone, using HPLC and then compared the detected absorption spectra and further verified the matched components using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The unknown substance was found to be RK. To clarify the mechanism of formation of RK, we conducted a 24-hour skin permeation test on heat-treated skin. By quantifying the RK in the samples using HPLC, we observed that an enzyme in the skin seemed to be the cause of RK generation and that the components of the emulsion formulation could also be a cause. To investigate the enzyme, we reacted alcohol dehydrogenase with RD and observed that it was one of the converting enzymes. As RK has been reported to be a substance that causes leukoderma, the intraepidermal metabolism of RD to RK may be one of the mechanisms of susceptibility to leukoderma.

scholarly journals Preservation of Cichoric Acid Antioxidant Properties Loaded in Heat Treated Lactoferrin Nanoparticles

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Li ◽  
Caicai Zhao ◽  
Liping Wei ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Fuguo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Electrostatic Force ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cichoric Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Hydrophobic Force

In the current research, a new cichoric acid (CA) encapsulation system was investigated. The optimal condition for the formation of lactoferrin-cichoric acid nanoparticles (LF-CA NPs) was determined by controlling the solution pH, the thermal treatment conditions, and the concentration of CA. Fluorescence indicated that the electrostatic force and the hydrophobic force were the main forces in the formation of LF-CA NPs. LF-CA NPs prepared under different conditions were spherical in shape with smaller particle sizes and good zeta potential demonstrating good colloidal stability. Especially, the prepared particle size of the LF-CA NPs at pH 7 and 95 °C was about 67.20 ± 1.86 nm. The circular dichroism (CD) and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that the combination of LF (lactoferrin) and CA affected the secondary structure of the LF. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that the addition of CA increased the thermal stability of LF. In vitro antioxidant experiments confirmed the antioxidant capacity of LF-CA NPs was better than CA. CA was successfully encapsulated into LF NPs with high encapsulated efficiency (97.87–99.87%) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These results showed that LF could be used as the wall material of CA with excellent nature.

scholarly journals Influence of Lactobacillus Biosurfactants on Skin Permeation of Hydrocortisone

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Angela Abruzzo ◽  
Carola Parolin ◽  
Elisa Corazza ◽  
Barbara Giordani ◽  
Massimiliano Pio di Cagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Permeation Enhancers ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Drug Permeation ◽  
Diffusion Studies ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Dsc Curves

One of the most widely used strategies to improve drug diffusion through the skin is the use of permeation enhancers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of two biosurfactants (BS), produced by Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 and Lactobacillus gasseri BC9, on the skin permeation profile of hydrocortisone (HC, model drug). HC aqueous solubility and in vitro diffusion studies through porcine skin were performed in the presence of BC1-BS and BC9-BS at concentrations below and above critical micellar concentrations (CMC). Moreover, skin hydration tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed to further investigate BS interaction with the outermost layer of the skin. Both BS increased HC solubility, especially at concentrations above their CMC. At concentrations below the CMC, drug permeation through the skin was improved, as the result of a dual effect: a) the formation of a superficial lipophilic environment, as confirmed by the reduction in skin hydration and b) the interaction between BS and the stratum corneum (SC), as demonstrated by the DSC curves. From the obtained data, it appears that BC1-BS and BC9-BS could represent new promising green excipients for drug permeation enhancement through the skin.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of RP-HPLC-PDA Method for the Analysis of Diclofenac Sodium in the In Vitro Transdermal Permeation Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saisrianusha Valluru ◽  
Buchi N Nalluri
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
In Vitro Skin Permeation ◽  
Development And Validation

A new analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo diode array detection was developed and validated for the quantification of Diclofenac (DIC) from in vitro skin permeation samples. Analysis was performed using a Phenomenex C18 column (150 x 4.6mm, 5µm) with 10mM ammonium acetate: Acetonitrile (62:38% v/v) as the mobile phase in isocratic mode and eluents were monitored at 276nm. DIC was eluted at 3.1min and showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 0.2-3µg/mL with a correlation coefficient >0.999. The validation parameters, such as specificity, linearity, accuracy and limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, robustness fulfilled the regulatory requirements. The developed HPLC method was successfully used for the analysis of DIC in samples obtained from transdermal diffusate samples.

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