scholarly journals Detection of Raspberry Ketone after Percutaneous Absorption of Rhododendrol-Containing Cosmetics and Its Mechanism of Formation

Cosmetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Lihao Gu ◽  
Akio Fujisawa ◽  
Kazuhisa Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Raspberry Ketone ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Unknown Substance ◽  
In Vitro Skin Permeation

Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of rhododendrol (RD)-induced leukoderma. We investigated the skin permeability of RD in an aqueous solution and in different cosmetic formulations (lotion and emulsion) in an in vitro skin permeation study. The samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and an unknown substance appeared on the spectrum. For identification, we analyzed various possible substances, such as raspberry ketone (RK) and rhododendrol quinone, using HPLC and then compared the detected absorption spectra and further verified the matched components using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The unknown substance was found to be RK. To clarify the mechanism of formation of RK, we conducted a 24-hour skin permeation test on heat-treated skin. By quantifying the RK in the samples using HPLC, we observed that an enzyme in the skin seemed to be the cause of RK generation and that the components of the emulsion formulation could also be a cause. To investigate the enzyme, we reacted alcohol dehydrogenase with RD and observed that it was one of the converting enzymes. As RK has been reported to be a substance that causes leukoderma, the intraepidermal metabolism of RD to RK may be one of the mechanisms of susceptibility to leukoderma.

scholarly journals Use of Curcuma longa in cosmetics: extraction of curcuminoid pigments, development of formulations, and in vitro skin permeation studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Mara Silva Gonçalves ◽  
Gustavo Henrique da Silva ◽  
Pedro Paulo Barros ◽  
Silvana Mariana Srebernich ◽  
Cecilia Toyoko Cavalcanti Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Topical Formulations ◽  
In Vitro Skin Permeation ◽  
Permeation Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Stability

Curcuma longais a ginger family aromatic herb (Zingiberaceae) whose rhizomes contain curcuminoid pigments, including curcumin, a compound known for its anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this study was to obtain curcuminoid-rich extracts, develop topical formulations thereof, and assess the stability and skin permeation of these formulations. Curcuma longa extracts were obtained and used to develop formulations. Skin permeation studies were conducted in a modified Franz diffusion cell system, and skin retention of curcuminoid pigments was quantified in pig ear membrane. Prepared urea-containing gel-cream formulations were unstable, whereas all others had satisfactory stability and pseudoplastic rheological behavior. The amount of curcuminoid pigments recovered from the receptor solution was negligible. The skin concentration of curcuminoid pigments retained was positive (>20 µg/g of skin, mostly in the stratum corneum), considering the low skin permeability of curcumin. We conclude that development of topical formulations containing curcumin or Curcuma longaextract is feasible, as long as adjuvants are added to improve preservation and durability. The formulations developed in this study enabled penetration of curcumin limited to the superficial layers of the skin and then possibly without a risk of systemic action, thus permitting local use as a topical anti-inflammatory.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of RP-HPLC-PDA Method for the Analysis of Diclofenac Sodium in the In Vitro Transdermal Permeation Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saisrianusha Valluru ◽  
Buchi N Nalluri
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
In Vitro Skin Permeation ◽  
Development And Validation

A new analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo diode array detection was developed and validated for the quantification of Diclofenac (DIC) from in vitro skin permeation samples. Analysis was performed using a Phenomenex C18 column (150 x 4.6mm, 5µm) with 10mM ammonium acetate: Acetonitrile (62:38% v/v) as the mobile phase in isocratic mode and eluents were monitored at 276nm. DIC was eluted at 3.1min and showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 0.2-3µg/mL with a correlation coefficient >0.999. The validation parameters, such as specificity, linearity, accuracy and limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, robustness fulfilled the regulatory requirements. The developed HPLC method was successfully used for the analysis of DIC in samples obtained from transdermal diffusate samples.

In Vitro Skin Permeation Methodology for Over-The-Counter Topical Dermatologic Products

2019 ◽  
pp. 216847901987533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Oh ◽  
Sojeong Yi ◽  
Da Zhang ◽  
Soo Hyeon Shin ◽  
Edward Bashaw
Keyword(s):  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
In Vitro Permeation ◽  
In Vitro Skin Permeation ◽  
Study Sites

For topically applied over-the-counter (OTC) products, the association of unwanted systemic exposure and adverse events may be difficult to ascertain without a recognition or determination of in vivo absorption. Evaluation of skin permeability using a validated in vitro permeation methodology can provide important information for both initial formulation selection and reformulation during the product life cycle. Additionally, a comparison of permeation rates between formulations using a validated methodology could reduce the number of nonclinical studies needed as part of reformulation. However, many in vitro permeation tests (IVPTs) have produced results with high variability and low reproducibility between study sites. It is unclear if this is due to a lack of a standardized protocol, or lack of control of multiple key experimental factors including skin source, preparation, receptor fluid, and study design. This review presents the authors perspective on the potential regulatory utility of IVPT and proposes steps to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of IVPT. The focus of this review is on topical dermatologic drugs with an initial emphasis on the OTC marketplace where reformulations are more common.

Phytochemical, Analytical and Medicinal Studies of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Simranjeet Singh ◽  
Ragini Bhadouria ◽  
Ravindra Singh ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch (HI) has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, inflammation, anemia, diabetes etc. To review the major phytochemicals and medicinal properties of HI, exhaustive bibliographic research was designed by means of various scientific search engines and databases. Only 12 phytochemicals have been reported including biologically active compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, epifriedlin, octacosanol, Friedlin, Holoptelin-A and Holoptelin-B. Analytical methods including the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectral (LC-MS) analysis have been used to analyze the HI. From medicinal potency point of view, these phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In the current review, it has been noticed that the mechanism of action of HI with biomolecules has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. This seems a huge literature gap to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

scholarly journals Phytochemical variability during vegetation of Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub genotypes derived from in vitro cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Dreger ◽  
Katarzyna Seidler-Łożykowska ◽  
Milena Szalata ◽  
Artur Adamczak ◽  
Karolina Wielgus
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Chamerion Angustifolium ◽  
Oenothein B

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to evaluate Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub genotypes for preliminary selection and further breeding programs aimed at obtaining a suitable industrial form for the pharmaceutical applications. Clonally propagated plants representing 10 genotypes of Ch. angustifolium were regenerated under in vitro conditions, hardened and planted in the field. Studies included an evaluation of shoot proliferation, phytochemical assessment of in vitro and ex vitro plants as well as investigations of intraspecies variability regarding four phenological stages: vegetative, beginning of blooming, full blooming, and green fruit phases. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of bioactive compounds were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The efficiency of shoot multiplication varied between genotypes from 8.12 to 21.48 shoots per explant. A high reproduction rate (> 20 shoots per explant) was recorded for four lines (PL_45, PL_44, PL_58, DE_2). Plants grown in vitro synthesized oenothein B (11.2–22.3 mg g−1 DW) and caffeic acid derivatives. Plants harvested from field contained the full spectrum of polyphenols characteristic for this species, and oenothein B and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide were the most abundant. The maximal content of oenothein B was determined in the vegetative phase of fireweed, while some flavonoids were found in the highest amount in full blooming phase. The results of analysis of variance indicated significant differences among genotypes in oenothein B, 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid and flavonoids accumulation in four phenological phases. PL_44 plants were characterized by high content of oenothein B and quercetin 3-O-glucuronide as well as a relatively high level of other flavonoids. Based on our phytochemical and micropropagation studies, PL_44 genotype was the best candidate for early selection and further breeding programs.

scholarly journals Ingol and Ingenol-Type Diterpenes from Euphorbia trigona Miller with Keratinocyte Inhibitory Activity

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Reham Hammadi ◽  
Norbert Kúsz ◽  
Csilla Zsuzsanna Dávid ◽  
Zoltán Behány ◽  
László Papp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Active Species ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ingenol Mebutate

Ingenol mebutate, isolated from Euphorbia peplus, is an ingenane-type diterpenoid, primarily used for the topical treatment of actinic keratosis, a premalignant skin condition. The aim of our work was to investigate other Euphorbia species to find structurally similar diterpenes that can be used as alternatives to ingenol mebutate. Pharmacological investigation of Euphorbia candelabrum, Euphorbia cotinifolia, Euphorbia ramipressa, and Euphorbia trigona revealed the potent keratinocyte (HPV-Ker cell line) inhibitory activity of these spurge species. From the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia trigona Miller, the most active species, five ingol (1–5) and four ingenane-type diterpenoids (6–9) were isolated by various chromatographic separation techniques, including open column chromatography, vacuum liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the compounds were determined by NMR spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the assignations with the literature data. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds against keratinocytes was tested in vitro by using ingenol mebutate as a positive control. Among the isolated compounds, two ingenane derivatives (6 and 7) exhibited remarkably stronger cytotoxic activity (IC50 values 0.39 μM and 0.32 μM, respectively) on keratinocytes than ingenol mebutate (IC50 value 0.84 μM). These compounds could serve as starting materials for further investigations to find alternatives to Picato® (with active substance ingenol mebutate), which was withdrawn from marketing authorization in the European Union.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Michelle Franz Montan ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Eduardo D. Andrade ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii , Porphyromonas gingivalis , or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii – F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum – P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Propionibacterium acnes , Actinomyces naeslundii , and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.

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