scholarly journals Formulation Development and Evaluation of Hybrid Nanocarrier for Cancer Therapy: Taguchi Orthogonal Array Based Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Tekade ◽  
Mahavir B. Chougule
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Taguchi Orthogonal Array

Taguchi orthogonal array design is a statistical approach that helps to overcome limitations associated with time consuming full factorial experimental design. In this study, the Taguchi orthogonal array design was applied to establish the optimum conditions for bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocarrier (ANC) preparation. Taguchi method with L9 type of robust orthogonal array design was adopted to optimize the experimental conditions. Three key dependent factors namely, BSA concentration (% w/v), volume of BSA solution to total ethanol ratio (v : v), and concentration of diluted ethanolic aqueous solution (% v/v), were studied at three levels 3%, 4%, and 5% w/v; 1 : 0.75, 1 : 0.90, and 1 : 1.05 v/v; 40%, 70%, and 100% v/v, respectively. The ethanolic aqueous solution was used to impart less harsh condition for desolvation and attain controlled nanoparticle formation. The interaction plot studies inferred the ethanolic aqueous solution concentration to be the most influential parameter that affects the particle size of nanoformulation. This method (BSA, 4% w/v; volume of BSA solution to total ethanol ratio, 1 : 0.90 v/v; concentration of diluted ethanolic solution, 70% v/v) was able to successfully develop Gemcitabine (G) loaded modified albumin nanocarrier (M-ANC-G) of size25.07±2.81 nm (ζ=-23.03±1.015 mV) as against to78.01±4.99 nm (ζ=-24.88±1.37 mV) using conventional method albumin nanocarrier (C-ANC-G). Hybrid nanocarriers were generated by chitosan layering (solvent gelation technique) of respective ANC to form C-HNC-G and M-HNC-G of sizes125.29±5.62 nm (ζ=12.01±0.51 mV) and46.28±2.21 nm (ζ=15.05±0.39 mV), respectively. Zeta potential, entrapment,in vitrorelease, and pH-based stability studies were investigated and influence of formulation parameters are discussed. Cell-line-based cytotoxicity assay (A549andH460cells) and cell internalization assay (H460cell line) were performed to assess the influence on the bioperformance of these nanoformulations.

Formulation Development of Tamoxifen Loaded Lipid Nanoparticle by Taguchi (L12 (2 11)) Orthogonal Array Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poovi Ganesan ◽  
N Damodharan
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticle

Background: A better understanding of the biopharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of drugs and the pharmaco-technical factors would be of great help for developing pharmaceutical products. But, it is extremely difficult to study the effect of each variable and interaction among them through the conventional approach Objective: To screen the most influential factors affecting the particle size (PS) of lipid nanoparticle (LNPs) (solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)) for poorly water-soluble BCS class-II drug like tamoxifen (TMX) to improve its oral bioavailability and to reduce its toxicity to tolerable limits using Taguchi (L12 (2 11)) orthogonal array design by applying computer optimization technique. Results: The size of all LNPs formulations prepared as per the experimental design varied between 172 nm and 3880 μm, polydispersity index between 0.033 and 1.00, encapsulation efficiency between 70.8% and 75.7%, and drug loading between 5.84% and 9.68%. The study showed spherical and non-spherical as well as aggregated and non-aggregated LNPs. Besides, it showed no interaction and amorphous form of the drug in LNPs formulation. The Blank NLCs exhibited no cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells as compared to TMX solution, SLNs (F5) and NLCs (F12) suggests that the cause of cell death is primarily from the effect of TMX present in NLCs. Conclusions: The screening study clearly showed the importance of different individual factors significant effect for the LNPs formulation development and its overall performance in an in-vitro study with minimum experimentation thus saving considerable time, efforts, and resources for further in-depth study.

Selective zirconium stripping of a loaded Cyanex 272 using Taguchi orthogonal array design

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1401-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Taghizadeh ◽  
R. Ghasemzadeh ◽  
S.N. Ashrafizadeh ◽  
K. Saberyan ◽  
M. Ghannadi Maragheh
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Taguchi Orthogonal Array ◽  
Cyanex 272

Orthogonal array design for optimization of an artificial medium for in vitro rearing ofTrichogramma dendrolimi

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Lü ◽  
Shichou Han ◽  
Patrick De Clercq ◽  
Jianqing Dai ◽  
Liying Li
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Array Design ◽  
In Vitro Rearing

scholarly journals Optimising poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticle fabrication using a Taguchi orthogonal array design-of-experiment approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. e0222858 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Mensah ◽  
S. B. Kirton ◽  
M. T. Cook ◽  
I. D. Styliari ◽  
V. Hutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Taguchi Orthogonal Array

scholarly journals Optimization of Levulinic acid production from groundnut shell using Taguchi orthogonal array design

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
A. Halliru ◽  
L.G. Hassan ◽  
A.S. Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Array ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Taguchi Orthogonal Array ◽  
Groundnut Shell

The exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass is receiving an increasing attention due to its renewability, abundance and low price value, and can be converted into various valuable platform compounds such as furfural, lactic acid, formic acid and levulinic acid. Among these products, levulinic acid (LA) is the main compound of biomass hydrolysis, which has been classified by the United States Department of Energy as one of the top-12 promising building blocks. This work reported the transformation of groundnut shell into LA. The production of LA was carried out in a 50 cm3 Teflon lined stainless steel reactor. The LA produced was extracted from the aqueous mixture using ethyl acetate, about 1g of sodium sulphate anhydrous were added to remove the water in the organic layer after the aqueous layer was drained and then heated at a temperature of about 78 oC for the solvent to evaporate and LA was the residue. The production process was optimized using a Taguchi orthogonal array design, with optimum yield of 74.54 % at reaction conditions of temperature (180 °C), time (3.5 h), and acid concentration (0.3 M). The FT-IR spectrum of the produced LA showed absorption at about 1705.13 cm-1 and 3039.91 cm-1 indicating the conjugated carbonyl and the hydroxyl of carboxylic acid functional group. It was recommended that high yields of LA can be achieved across a range of optimization variables as long as two out of the three conditions are met: high acid catalyst concentration, long reaction time or high temperature within the range tested, as LA is relatively stable once formed. Moreover, the results obtained revealed that groundnut shell could be a potential substrate for levulinic acid production. Keywords: Groundnut shell, Levulinic acid, Optimization, Hydrolysis, Taguchi design.

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