scholarly journals Bioeffects of Static Magnetic Fields: Oxidative Stress, Genotoxic Effects, and Cancer Studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Ghodbane ◽  
Aida Lahbib ◽  
Mohsen Sakly ◽  
Hafedh Abdelmelek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Static Magnetic Fields ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The interaction of static magnetic fields (SMFs) with living organisms is a rapidly growing field of investigation. The magnetic fields (MFs) effect observed with radical pair recombination is one of the well-known mechanisms by which MFs interact with biological systems. Exposure to SMF can increase the activity, concentration, and life time of paramagnetic free radicals, which might cause oxidative stress, genetic mutation, and/or apoptosis. Current evidence suggests that cell proliferation can be influenced by a treatment with both SMFs and anticancer drugs. It has been recently found that SMFs can enhance the anticancer effect of chemotherapeutic drugs; this may provide a new strategy for cancer therapy. This review focuses on our own data and other data from the literature of SMFs bioeffects. Three main areas of investigation have been covered: free radical generation and oxidative stress, apoptosis and genotoxicity, and cancer. After an introduction on SMF classification and medical applications, the basic phenomena to understand the bioeffects are described. The scientific literature is summarized, integrated, and critically analyzed with the help of authoritative reviews by recognized experts; international safety guidelines are also cited.

scholarly journals Effects of MP Polyethylene Microparticles on Microbiome and Inflammatory Response of Larval Zebrafish

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kurchaba ◽  
Bryan J. Cassone ◽  
Caleb Northam ◽  
Bernadette F. Ardelli ◽  
Christophe M. R. LeMoine
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Stress Mediator ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Plastic polymers have quickly become one of the most abundant materials on Earth due to their low production cost and high versatility. Unfortunately, some of the discarded plastic can make its way into the environment and become fragmented into smaller microscopic particles, termed secondary microplastics (MP). In addition, primary MP, purposely manufactured microscopic plastic particles, can also make their way into our environment via various routes. Owing to their size and resilience, these MP can then be easily ingested by living organisms. The effect of MP particles on living organisms is suspected to have negative implications, especially during early development. In this study, we examined the effects of polyethylene MP ingestion for four and ten days of exposure starting at 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). In particular, we examined the effects of polyethylene MP exposure on resting metabolic rate, on gene expression of several inflammatory and oxidative stress linked genes, and on microbiome composition between treatments. Overall, we found no evidence of broad metabolic disturbances or inflammatory markers in MP-exposed fish for either period of time. However, there was a significant increase in the oxidative stress mediator L-FABP that occurred at 15 dpf. Furthermore, the microbiome was disrupted by MP exposure, with evidence of an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes in MP fish, a combination frequently found in intestinal pathologies. Thus, it appears that acute polyethylene MP exposure can increase oxidative stress and dysbiosis, which may render the animal more susceptible to diseases.

scholarly journals Static Magnetic Fields Modulate the Response of Different Oxidative Stress Markers in a Restraint Stress Model Animal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Coballase-Urrutia ◽  
L. Navarro ◽  
J. L. Ortiz ◽  
L. Verdugo-Díaz ◽  
J. M. Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Static Magnetic Fields ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Model Animal ◽  
New Perspective

Stress is a state of vulnerable homeostasis that alters the physiological and behavioral responses. Stress induces oxidative damage in several organs including the brain, liver, kidney, stomach, and heart. Preliminary findings suggested that the magnetic stimulation could accelerate the healing processes and has been an effective complementary therapy in different pathologies. However, the mechanism of action of static magnetic fields (SMFs) is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of static magnetic fields (0.8 mT) in a restraint stressed animal model, focusing on changes in different markers of oxidative damage. A significant increase in the plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glycation end products (AGEs) were observed in restraint stress model. Exposure to SMFs over 5 days (30, 60, and 240 min/day) caused a decrease in the NO, MDA, AGEs, and AOPP levels; in contrast, the SOD and GSH levels increased. The response to SMFs was time-dependent. Thus, we proposed that exposure to weak-intensity SMFs could offer a complementary therapy by attenuating oxidative stress. Our results provided a new perspective in health studies, particularly in the context of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The Bewildering Effect of AMPK Activators in Alzheimer’s Disease: Review of the Current Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brhane Teklebrhan Assefa ◽  
Gebrehiwot Gebremedhin Tafere ◽  
Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash ◽  
Meles Tekie Gidey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Tau Aggregation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. It is the most common form of dementia. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include extracellular amyloid plaque, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, and oxidative stress, to mention some of them. Despite remarkable progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, drugs for cure or disease-modifying therapy remain somewhere in the distance. From recent time, the signaling molecule AMPK is gaining enormous attention in the AD drug research. AMPK is a master regulator of cellular energy metabolism, and recent pieces of evidence show that perturbation of its function is highly ascribed in the pathology of AD. Several drugs are known to activate AMPK, but their effect in AD remains to be controversial. In this review, the current shreds of evidence on the effect of AMPK activators in Aβ accumulation, tau aggregation, and oxidative stress are addressed. Positive and negative effects are reported with regard to Aβ and tauopathy but only positive in oxidative stress. We also tried to dissect the molecular interplays where the bewildering effects arise from.

scholarly journals Targeting Inflammatory-Mitochondrial Response in Major Depression: Current Evidence and Further Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Vargas Visentin ◽  
Rafael Colombo ◽  
Ellen Scotton ◽  
Débora Soligo Fracasso ◽  
Adriane Ribeiro da Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Stress Studies ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The prevalence of psychiatric disorders has increased in recent years. Among existing mental disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) has emerged as one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, affecting individuals throughout their lives. Currently, MDD affects 15% of adults in the Americas. Over the past 50 years, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and brain stimulation have been used to treat MDD. The most common approach is still pharmacotherapy; however, studies show that about 40% of patients are refractory to existing treatments. Although the monoamine hypothesis has been widely accepted as a molecular mechanism to explain the etiology of depression, its relationship with other biochemical phenomena remains only partially understood. This is the case of the link between MDD and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Studies have found that depressive patients usually exhibit altered inflammatory markers, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, oxidized mitochondrial DNA, and thus high levels of both central and peripheral reactive oxygen species (ROS). The effect of antidepressants on these events remains unclear. Nevertheless, the effects of ROS on the brain are well known, including lipid peroxidation of neuronal membranes, accumulation of peroxidation products in neurons, protein and DNA damage, reduced antioxidant defenses, apoptosis induction, and neuroinflammation. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, tocopherols, and coenzyme Q have shown promise in some depressive patients, but without consensus on their efficacy. Hence, this paper provides a review of MDD and its association with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and is aimed at thoroughly discussing the putative links between these events, which may contribute to the design and development of new therapeutic approaches for patients.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Potassium Dichromate-induced Haematoxicity and Oxidative Stress in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
O. I. Azeez ◽  
S. F. Braimah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Effect of potassium dichromate was studied experimentally in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with and without vitamin E in induced haematoxicity and oxidative stress. Blood samples were collected for haematology and plasma biochemical parameters while gills, liver and kidney samples were collected for evaluation of markers of oxidative stress. Exposure to potassium dichromate led to a significant decrease in PCV, RBC, haemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH and total WBC when compared with the unexposed     control and those fed with vitamin E-supplemented feed. Nephrotoxicity was also observed as evidenced by increases in plasma creatinine levels. Exposure to potassium dichromate also led to increased oxidative stress as the concentrations of antioxidant endogenous enzymes - GPx, GST and GSH were depleted while potentiating lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical generation. The changes in the haematological, biochemical and antioxidant parameters were restored in the fish fed with vitamin E-supplemented feed. The study showed exposure to potassium dichromate to be toxic to African catfish, causing anaemia and kidney damage with free radical generation and depletion of GSH and other antioxidant defence system but the toxic effect can be minimised along with weight gain in fish supplemented by vitamin – E in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Water deficit-induced membrane injury and oxidative stress in two barley genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Bandurska ◽  
Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Induced Membrane ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of water deficit on membrane injuries, superoxide radical generation and lipid peroxidation in the leaves of two barley genotypes. Six-day-old seedlings of the cv. Aramir and line R567 were used in the experiments. According to our earlier work these genotypes significantly differ in the level of membrane injuries under water deficit conditions. Water stress was applied directly to leaves or to roots. The stress caused considerable membrane injuries in the leaves of all genotypes investigated.The percentage membrane injury was higher in the line R567 than in the cv. Aramir. Water stress imposed on leaves caused higher membrane injuries than water stress imposed on roots. The water stress treatment followed by an oxidative stress in the leaves. Line R567 having noticeably larger membrane injuries also exhibited a higher level of superoxide radical generation than the cv. Aramir. The level of lipid peroxidation increased in the both genotypes under the conditions of water stress imposed on leaves, but not on roots.

scholarly journals Psychoactive Drugs—from Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
George Jîtcă ◽  
Bianca E. Ősz ◽  
Amelia Tero-Vescan ◽  
Camil E. Vari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Nowadays, more and more young people want to experience illegal, psychoactive substances, without knowing the risks of exposure. Besides affecting social life, psychoactive substances also have an important effect on consumer health. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data with reference to the mechanism of free radical generation and the link between chemical structure and oxidative stress related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. This review presents data on the physicochemical properties, on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier, the chemical structure activity relationship (SAR), and possible mechanisms by which neuronal injuries occur due to oxidative stress as a result of drug abuse such as “bath salts”, amphetamines, or cocaine. The mechanisms of action of ingested compounds or their metabolites involve intermediate steps in which free radicals are generated. The brain is strongly affected by the consumption of such substances, facilitating the induction of neurodegenerative diseases. It can be concluded that neurotoxicity is associated with drug abuse. Dependence and oxidative stress are linked to inhibition of neurogenesis and the onset of neuronal death. Understanding the pathological mechanisms following oxidative attack can be a starting point in the development of new therapeutic targets.

Hydroxyl radical generation and oxidative stress in Carassius auratus liver, exposed to pyrene

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Sun ◽  
Ying Yin ◽  
Jingfei Zhang ◽  
Hongxia Yu ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
And Oxidative Stress
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