scholarly journals CO2Capture in Ionic Liquids: A Review of Solubilities and Experimental Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Torralba-Calleja ◽  
James Skinner ◽  
David Gutiérrez-Tauste
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Absorption Data

The growing concern of climate change and global warming has in turn given rise to a thriving research field dedicated to finding solutions. One particular area which has received considerable attention is the lowering of carbon dioxide emissions from large-scale sources, that is, fossil fuel power. This paper focuses on ionic liquids being used as novel media for CO2capture. In particular, solubility data and experimental techniques are used at a laboratory scale. Cited CO2absorption data for imidazolium-, pyrrolidinium-, pyridinium-, quaternary-ammonium-, and tetra-alkyl-phosphonium-based ionic liquids is reviewed, expressed as mole fractions (X) of CO2to ionic liquid. The following experimental techniques are featured: gravimetric analysis, the pressure drop method, and the view-cell method.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Ionic Liquids with Fumarate Anion

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyan He ◽  
Guangnan Ou ◽  
Changyi Zhou ◽  
Meihong Wang ◽  
Suyan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Active Research

The shortage of new antimicrobial drugs and increasing resistance of microbe to antimicrobial agents have been of some concern. The formulation studies of new antibacterial and antifungal agents have been an active research field. Ionic liquids are known as designed liquids with controllable physical/chemical/biological properties and specific functions, which have been attracting considerable interest over recent years. However, no attention has been made towards the preparation of ionic liquids with antimicrobial activities. In this paper, a new class of ionic liquids (ILs) with fumarate anion was synthesized by neutralization of aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide with equimolar monoester fumarate and characterized using NMR and thermal gravimetric analysis. The ILs are soluble in water and polar organic solvents and also soluble in the common ILs. The antimicrobial activities of the ILs are more active than commercially available potassium sorbate and are greatly affected by the alkyl chain length. The significant antimicrobial properties observed in this research suggest that the ILs may have potential applications in the modern biotechnology.

Lawyer Up

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Hill and
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Force Action ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Directors And Officers

Media attention has focused most intently on lawsuits seeking to force action to cut greenhouse-gas emissions and to hold fossil-fuel companies to account. Even if the courts fail to resolve the essential challenge of cutting greenhouse-gas emissions, they will surely find themselves enmeshed in litigation for years over who pays for the damage. In courtroom after courtroom, judges will reach decisions that can contribute to or hinder resilience. This chapter explores how litigation over the harm caused by climate change impacts could offer greater clarity on who should pay for the damages and thereby spur decisions to invest in resilience on a large scale. As the severity and frequency of climate change-related damages grow, corporate directors and officers, architects, engineers, manufacturers, and others who have a duty to consider foreseeable harm and to manage the risk, will likely find themselves on the receiving end of litigation alongside fossil fuel companies and governments.

scholarly journals Validation of Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Distribution in South-South and South-East of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
G. F. Ibeh ◽  
E. O. Echeweozo ◽  
L. O. Onuorah ◽  
E. E. Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Urban Warming ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Perceived Impacts ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The study determined the variations of carbon dioxide and temperature within south-south and south-eastern parts of Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2014. The study specifically focused on the perceived impacts posed by climate change on environment within these regions due to carbon dioxide emissions. The results revealed that rise in temperature within these regions could significantly be dependent on the increase in CO2 emissions and other greenhouse gases. It was observed that CO2 emission increases continuously over all the years of study at each station. This could be attributed to high percent occurrences of urban warming experienced in these areas. The results also revealed that various impacts of climate change and weather within these regions could be due to high emission of carbon dioxide caused by fossil fuel, gas flaring etc found within these regions. It was also observed from the results that no gaseous pollutant or greenhouse gas can have 100% influences on climatic parameters like temperature.

scholarly journals Balancing Waste and Nutrient Flows Between Urban Agglomerations and Rural Ecosystems: Biochar for Improving Crop Growth and Urban Air Quality in The Mediterranean Region

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Anastasia Zabaniotou ◽  
Katerina Stamou
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
The Mediterranean

Mediterranean ecosystems are threatened by water and nutrient scarcity and continuous loss of soil organic carbon. Urban agglomerations and rural ecosystems in the Mediterranean region and globally are interlinked through the flows of resources/nutrients and wastes. Contributing to balancing these cycles, the present study advocates standardized biochar as a soil amendment, produced from Mediterranean suitable biowaste, for closing the nutrient loop in agriculture, with parallel greenhouse gas reduction, enhancing air quality in urban agglomerations, mitigating climate change. The study’s scope is the contextualization of pyrolytic conditions and biowaste type effects on the yield and properties of biochar and to shed light on biochar’s role in soil fertility and climate change mitigation. Mediterranean-type suitable feedstocks (biowaste) to produce biochar, in accordance with biomass feedstocks approved for use in producing biochar by the European Biochar Certificate, are screened. Data form large-scale and long-period field experiments are considered. The findings advocate the following: (a) pyrolytic biochar application in soils contributes to the retention of important nutrients for agricultural production, thereby reducing the use of fertilizers; (b) pyrolysis does not release carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, contributing positively to the balance of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere, with carbon uptake by plant photosynthesis; (c) biochar stores carbon in soils, counterbalancing the effect of climate change by sequestering carbon; (d) there is an imperative need to identify the suitable feedstock for the production of sustainable and safe biochar from a range of biowaste, according to the European Biochar Certificate, for safe crop production.

scholarly journals The Economic Effects of Climate Change

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. J Tol
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Damage Cost ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

I review the literature on the economic impacts of climate change, an externality that is unprecedentedly large, complex, and uncertain. Only 14 estimates of the total damage cost of climate change have been published, a research effort that is in sharp contrast to the urgency of the public debate and the proposed expenditure on greenhouse gas emission reduction. These estimates show that climate change initially improves economic welfare. However, these benefits are sunk. Impacts would be predominantly negative later in the century. Global average impacts would be comparable to the welfare loss of a few percent of income, but substantially higher in poor countries. Still, the impact of climate change over a century is comparable to economic growth over a few years. There are over 200 estimates of the marginal damage cost of carbon dioxide emissions. The uncertainty about the social cost of carbon is large and right-skewed. For a standard discount rate, the expected value is $50/tC, which is much lower than the price of carbon in the European Union but much higher than the price of carbon elsewhere. Current estimates of the damage costs of climate change are incomplete, with positive and negative biases. Most important among the missing impacts are the indirect effects of climate change on economic development; large-scale biodiversity loss; low-probability, high-impact scenarios; the impact of climate change on violent conflict; and the impacts of climate change beyond 2100. From a welfare perspective, the impact of climate change is problematic because population is endogenous, and because policy analyses should separate impatience, risk aversion, and inequity aversion between and within countries.

scholarly journals Arctic Petroleum and the 2°C Goal: a Case for Accountability for Fossil-Fuel Supply

Climate Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 282-307
Author(s):  
Daria Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
National Practice

Abstract The Arctic is both a place disproportionately affected by climate change and a place that has been, and continues to be, subject to large-scale oil-and-gas development. Production and subsequent combustion of these resources would compromise the treaty-established target of keeping global warming ‘well below’ 2°C. The global regulatory efforts on climate change are centred on greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fuel consumption, almost ignoring the supply side. In the absence of universal and strict emission-reduction targets, petroleum exports and carbon leakage jeopardize the effectiveness of the climate change regime. Through the examination of treaties and national practice, this paper argues for the establishment of accountability for the production of Arctic petroleum in light of climate change.

Sustainable Development and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-44
Author(s):  
Vartika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Development Approach

The concept of sustainable development can be best interpreted as an approach to development that looks to balance different, and often competing, needs against an awareness of the environmental, social, and economic limitations we face as a society. Most of the present development activities are being conceived and implemented without fully considering the wider or future impacts. A manifestation of such kind of development approach is quite evident in the form of large-scale financial crises caused by irresponsible banking, changes in the global climate resulting from our dependence on fossil fuel-based energy sources. The longer we pursue unsustainable development, the more frequent and severe its consequences are likely to become, which is why we need to take action now. This chapter explores sustainable development and climate change.

Sustainable Development and Climate Change

2022 ◽  
pp. 944-964
Author(s):  
Vartika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Development Approach

The concept of sustainable development can be best interpreted as an approach to development that looks to balance different, and often competing, needs against an awareness of the environmental, social, and economic limitations we face as a society. Most of the present development activities are being conceived and implemented without fully considering the wider or future impacts. A manifestation of such kind of development approach is quite evident in the form of large-scale financial crises caused by irresponsible banking, changes in the global climate resulting from our dependence on fossil fuel-based energy sources. The longer we pursue unsustainable development, the more frequent and severe its consequences are likely to become, which is why we need to take action now. This chapter explores sustainable development and climate change.

scholarly journals Public Awareness: What Climate Change Scientists Should Consider

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8369
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Connected Network ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Valuable Addition ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

In this Opinion, the importance of public awareness to design solutions to mitigate climate change issues is highlighted. A large-scale acknowledgment of the climate change consequences has great potential to build social momentum. Momentum, in turn, builds motivation and demand, which can be leveraged to develop a multi-scale strategy to tackle the issue. The pursuit of public awareness is a valuable addition to the scientific approach to addressing climate change issues. The Opinion is concluded by providing strategies on how to effectively raise public awareness on climate change-related topics through an integrated, well-connected network of mavens (e.g., scientists) and connectors (e.g., social media influencers).

scholarly journals Impact of air–sea coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba de la Vara ◽  
William Cabos ◽  
Dmitry V. Sein ◽  
Claas Teichmann ◽  
Daniela Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Change Signal ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this work we use a regional atmosphere–ocean coupled model (RAOCM) and its stand-alone atmospheric component to gain insight into the impact of atmosphere–ocean coupling on the climate change signal over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). The IP climate is influenced by both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea. Complex interactions with the orography take place there and high-resolution models are required to realistically reproduce its current and future climate. We find that under the RCP8.5 scenario, the generalized 2-m air temperature (T2M) increase by the end of the twenty-first century (2070–2099) in the atmospheric-only simulation is tempered by the coupling. The impact of coupling is specially seen in summer, when the warming is stronger. Precipitation shows regionally-dependent changes in winter, whilst a drier climate is found in summer. The coupling generally reduces the magnitude of the changes. Differences in T2M and precipitation between the coupled and uncoupled simulations are caused by changes in the Atlantic large-scale circulation and in the Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, the differences in projected changes of T2M and precipitation with the RAOCM under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios are tackled. Results show that in winter and summer T2M increases less and precipitation changes are of a smaller magnitude with the RCP4.5. Whilst in summer changes present a similar regional distribution in both runs, in winter there are some differences in the NW of the IP due to differences in the North Atlantic circulation. The differences in the climate change signal from the RAOCM and the driving Global Coupled Model show that regionalization has an effect in terms of higher resolution over the land and ocean.

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