scholarly journals Evaluation and Optimization of Downstream Process Parameters for Extraction of Betulinic Acid from the Bark ofZiziphus jujubaeL.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashyap Kumar Dubey ◽  
Nitika Goel
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Recovery Percentage ◽  
Percentage Extraction ◽  
Rsm Model

Present work investigated an apposite and efficient method for extraction of betulinic acid (BA) from the bark ofZiziphus jujubae. Various extraction methods like stirring extraction, soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) were evaluated for increasing recovery percentage of BA. From the raffinate so obtained, BA was isolated. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze the extract and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantification. The results revealed that the percentage extraction of BA fromZ. jujubaeby MAE was more proficient. As recovery percentage of BA by MAE technique turned out to be maximum, by using response surface methodology (RSM), three process parameters (pH, temperature, and time) were optimized by MAE and it was observed that the optimum parameters (pH 6.5, temp. 70.23°C, and time 3.5 min) gave the maximum recovery of BA (0.44% w/w). To validate the RSM model, experiments were performed and the highest recovery of BA was found to be 0.4% w/w which is ±0.04% to the predicted value. Henceforth the extraction efficiency and the substantial saving of time by MAE was more capable than the other extraction techniques.

Extraction and Quantification of Eugenol from Clove Buds Using HPLC

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Khadiza Fitri Shafira ◽  
Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Zubair Khalid Labu ◽  
Abul Bashar Mohammed Helal Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Past Study ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clove Essential Oil

Background: Eugenol is the main constituent of clove essential oil. Past studies have found that clove oil has diverse uses in the pharmaceutical field due to its antioxidant, antibacterial and anesthetic properties. Objective: This work compares the performance of different extraction methods and factors and identifies the effect of the treatments on oil yields and eugenol content. Materials and Methods: Maceration, Hydro distillation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and Soxhlet were performed. The best technique was identified according to yield and content. Further studies were conducted to examine the effects of different factors, such as solvent types (ethanol and methanol) and sample-to-solvent ratio (1:10 and 1:15). HPLC UV-Vis was utilized in the analysis of eugenol concentration. Results and Discussion: Soxhlet extraction provided the highest yield (39.98%) and eugenol content (15.83%), compared to other methods. The results observed from several Soxhlet extraction factors showed that there is no significant difference between the different factors. In the meantime, methanol 1:15 provided the greatest amount of yields (57.83%) and eugenol content (22.21%). In this regard, the higher ratio resulted in higher eugenol content. Conclusion: The results obtained are less comparable because the processing time, the working solvent, and the separation technique were carried out differently for each method. In the meantime, as there is no past study that compared the selected methods and factors, this study’s findings will contribute substantially to fill the gap in this field.

scholarly journals Equilibrium Modeling of Astaxanthin Extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Putri Restu Dewati ◽  
Rochmadi Rochmadi ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Avido Yuliestyan ◽  
Arief Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid

Astaxanthin is a natural antioxidant, and the highest content of this compound is found in Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is one of the environmentally friendly extraction methods and has many advantages. This study aims to investigate the extraction of astaxanthin through the MAE method using various solvents. Several equilibrium models were proposed to describe this solid-liquid equilibrium. The solid-liquid extraction equilibrium parameters were determined by minimizing the sum of squares of errors (SSE), in which equilibrium constants were needed for scaling up purposes. Previously, the microalgae were pretreated with HCl to soften their cell walls in order to improve the extraction recovery. In this study, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol, and ethanol were used as the solvents for extraction. The astaxanthin concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry. Astaxanthin was found to attain equilibrium at 57.42% recovery in a single-step extraction. Thus, several steps were required in sequence to obtain an optimum recovery. The experimental data were fitted to three equilibrium models, namely, Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir models. The experimental data were well fitted to all the models for the extraction in dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol and acetone, as evident from the almost same SSE value for each model.

A Comparison Study on Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Catalpol from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch with Conventional Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 1033-1034 ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Xiu Li Zhang ◽  
Chun Li Li ◽  
Xue Yin ◽  
Xin Yun Su ◽  
De Hong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Percentage Extraction ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa Libosch

Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, has been verified to be of neuroprotection and may be a potential agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. The extraction technology of catalpol has been tested in this paper. We used different extraction methods including extraction at room temperature (ERT), heat reflux extraction, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to evaluat the percentage extraction of catapol fromRehmannia glutinosa Libosch.The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methanol (100%, v/v) extracted high percentage extraction of catapol compared to ethanol (60%, v/v) which achieved the highest percentage extraction of catapol in different concentration of ethanol. The results showed that the percentage extraction of catalpol fromRehmannia glutinosa Liboschby MAE was more efficient in short time followed by ultrasonic extraction, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction and ERT methods. MAE has need of 4 min, whereas ultrasonic extraction, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction and ERT techniques require 70, 140, 180 min and 60 h respectively, to leach higher percentage extraction of catalpol. The time taken by MAE was nearly 18 times less than the ultrasonic extraction, 35 times less than Soxhlet extraction, 45 times less than heat reflux extraction and 900 times less than ERT for the highest percentage extraction of catalpol. The present results showed that the high extraction efficiency and considerable saving of time by MAE were more competent than the conventional extraction techniques.

Comparison of Four Different Extraction Methods of Oil from Macadamia integrifolia

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3382-3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Qing Zhu ◽  
Li Jing Lin ◽  
Ji Hua Li ◽  
Guo Ti Lv ◽  
Mao Fang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Macadamia Nut

Four different extraction methods, solvent extraction, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 extraction, were used to extract oil from Macadamia integrifolia, which also named Macadamia nut oil. Fatty acid compositions of Macadamia nut oil were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed the highest extraction rate was 74.63% via Soxhlet extraction, while supercritical CO2 extraction was 70.53%, ultrasonic wave-assisted extraction was 57.19% and Solvent extraction was 50.37%. Six unsaturated fatty acids, including Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid, E-11-Hexadecenoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 9-Octadecenoic acid, E-9-Octadecenoic acid and 9-eicosenoate, were identified in the oil by GC-MS．The relative extraction rate of unsaturated fatty acids were 36.53%, 44.21%, 60.62%, 56.81%, respectively. Though the extraction rate was the highest via Soxhlet extraction, the relative content of Z-9-Hexadecenoic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid were both higher extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction than Soxhlet extraction, which were 15.38% and 1.55%,. As supercritical CO2 extraction has no solvent residual problem, it would be the trend of the development inSubscript text the future to extract Macadamia nut oil.

scholarly journals Antioxidants properties of Murraya koenigii: a comparative study of three different extraction methods

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
M.T. Parithy ◽  
Mohd Zin Z. ◽  
Hasmadi M. ◽  
N.D. Rusli ◽  
K.L. Smedley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries have been increasingly engaged in finding natural alternatives compounds as potential antioxidants. The use of phytochemicals is introduced as a good source of natural antioxidants. Murayya koenigii leaves, commonly used in cooking and traditional medicines have been examined for their remarkable antioxidant potential, yet still, it remains an understudied herb. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antioxidant properties and flavonoids profile in M. koenigii leaves extracted using; solvent assisted extraction (SAE), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE). The antioxidant properties of M. koenigii were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). M. koenigii leaves extracted using the UAE method have responded strongly towards a 2, 2-diphenyl -2-picryl-hydrazyl DPPH assay with the highest inhibition (%) of 78.00±1.00. Using the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method assays, the M. koenigii leaves with the lowest absorbance were assigned as a sample with the highest antioxidant activity. The M. koenigii leaves extracted using UAE had the lowest absorbance with 0.01±0.00. In the TPC assay, the MAE method showed the highest total phenolic content (120.60±14.81 mg GAE/g sample). The TFC assay demonstrated that MAE methods have the highest total phenolic content (93.38±4.33 mg QE/g sample. The M. koenigii leaves extracted by MAE showed the highest gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, rutin and kaempferol concentration (mg/L). M. koenigii leaves subjected to SAE extraction has the highest concentration of p-coumaric acid, myricetin and quercetin (mg/L). This study found that M. koenigii leaves extracted using UAE exhibited better antioxidant activities than that of MAE and SAE. These useful findings have managed to narrow the knowledge gap regarding the effects of different extraction methods on the antioxidant property of M. koenigii.

Maximized Extraction of Flavonoid Luteolin from V.negundo L. Leaves: Optimization Using Box-Behnken Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Abidin ◽  
Mohammad Mujeeb ◽  
Showkat R. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Extraction Field

Background: Luteolin is a flavonoid unveiling various therapeutic activities, found in Vitex negundo L. Thus, there is a need to present process parameters at which maximum amount of luteolin can be extracted from V. negundo L. leaves in “one-run”. Objective: Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for optimizing the process parameters for the extraction of luteolin from V. negundo L. leaves. The study also compared the efficacy of various traditional and modern extraction methods for luteolin extraction. Methods: Extraction conditions (solvent to drug ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time) were optimized by RSM, Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Quantification of luteolin in various extracts was done through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results: Hot solvent extraction by reflux technique stood out to be the best technique and methanol was found to be the most effective solvent for luteolin extraction.Through the use of BBD, the optimal conditions for luteolin extraction were established as: solvent to drug ratio- 17.7 mL/g, extraction temperature- 55.5°C and extraction time-2.04 hours. Under such conditions 7.32 %w/w of luteolin was yielded which was close to predicted value of 7.29 %w/w. Conclusion: Reflux technique stood out to be the best among all the studied modes of extraction and methanol proved to be the most effective solvent. Moreover, all the three variables significantly affected the luteolin extraction. Our study shows the applicability of a statistical technique, RSM in phytocompound extraction field. This makes the optimization technique cheap and less laborious than the traditional optimization method.

Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for Antioxidant Property of Flavonoids from Pomelo Peel

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Mei Ru ◽  
Ru Fan Cai ◽  
Jin Zhe He
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Pomelo Peel ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Different Levels

Antioxidant activity of the flavonoids from pomelo (Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) peel obtained by conventional soxhlet extraction (CSE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction were investigated. For measuring antioxidant activities, different methods have been used corresponding to different levels of antioxidant action. The results indicated that the extraction yields of flavonoids by MAE and SC-CO2 extraction were higher than that by CSE method, whereas flavoniods by SC-CO2 extraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activities. Our results indicated that SC-CO2 extraction method could effectively reserve the antioxidant ability of pomelo peel flavonoids.

scholarly journals Exploring the Chemical Profiles and Biological Values of Two Spondias Species (S. dulcis and S. mombin): Valuable Sources of Bioactive Natural Products

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Dimitrina Zheleva-Dimitrova ◽  
Reneta Gevrenova ◽  
Marie Carene Nancy Picot-Allain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Spondias species have been used in traditional medicine for different human ailments. In this study, the effect of different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) and extraction methods (infusion, maceration, and Soxhlet extraction) on the enzyme inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and antioxidant properties of S. mombin and S. dulcis leaves and stem bark were evaluated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) yield in the identification and/or annotation of 98 compounds showing that the main secondary metabolites of the plant are gallic and ellagic acids and their derivatives, ellagitannins, hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, acylquinic acids and flavonols, flavanones, and flavanonols. The leaves infusion of both Spondias species showed highest inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (10.10 and 10.45 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g, for S. dulcis and S. mombin, respectively). The ethyl acetate extracts of the stem bark of S. mombin and S. dulcis actively inhibited α-glucosidase. Methanolic extracts of the leaves and stem bark exhibited highest tyrosinase inhibitory action. Antioxidant activity and higher levels of phenolics were observed for the methanolic extracts of Spondias. The results suggested that the Spondias species could be considered as natural phyto-therapeutic agents in medicinal and cosmeceutical applications.

scholarly journals The optimization of ultrasonic method for the extraction of Pumpkin seed (Cucurbita maxima)

2020 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Irnawati Irnawati ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto ◽  
Sudibyo Martono ◽  
Abdul Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Pumpkin Seed Oil ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The purpose of the present study was to determine the optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions (sample-to-solvent ratio, ultrasonic power, and time) for the extraction of pumpkin seed oil.  Pumpkin seed oil was analyzed for yield, 2.2’-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, and total phenolic content.  Soxhlet extraction methods were assessed for comparison.  The Box Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimize UAE conditions.  The optimum UAE conditions were obtained using sample-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 mL g-1, ultrasonic power of 150 Watt in 15 min extraction time.  Compared with Soxhlet extraction methods, UAE exhibited lower oil yield and total phenolic content but had higher DPPH scavenging activity.  The advantage of ultrasonic-assisted extraction was clearly reduction of extraction duration.

scholarly journals The Effect of Extraction Methods on Preliminary Structural Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Lactarius vividus

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Xu ◽  
Shiling Feng ◽  
Jipeng Qu ◽  
Ming Yuan ◽  
Ruiwu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Assisted Extraction

Four polysaccharides (LVP-u, LVP-m, LVP-e, and LVP-h) were extracted from the fruiting bodies of Lactarius vividus by an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, microwave-assisted extraction method, enzyme-assisted extraction method, and hot water extraction method, respectively. Then, the effect of extraction methods on yields, preliminary structural properties, and antioxidant activities was systematically investigated using the weighing method, chemical composition analysis, high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), radical scavenging, and metal ion chelating assays. Results demonstrated that the four L. vividus polysaccharides (LVPs) were all combined with protein, and the yield of LVP-u was higher than others. Molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide and amino acid compositions, and microstructures among the four LVPs were significantly different. Moreover, the LVPs showed significant antioxidant activities in a dose-dependent manner, and LVP-e demonstrated better antioxidant activities in superoxide anion radical scavenging activity assays and metal ion chelating activity assays, while LVP-u showed higher activity in its hydroxyl radical scavenging ability.

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