scholarly journals The Ameliorating Effect of Steamed and FermentedCodonopsis lanceolataon Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Bo-Ra Yun ◽  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Ji Seon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Ht22 Cells ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task

Codonopsis lanceolata(Campanulaceae) have been traditionally used to treat lung inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. The present study was performed to evaluate the cognitive-enhancing effects of steamed and fermentedC. lanceolatain scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Cognitive abilities were determined by the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. Mice orally received fermentedC. lanceolataextract at doses of 100, 300, or 500 mg/kg body weight. FermentedC. lanceolataextract (500 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) significantly shortened the escape latency times that were increased by scopolamine on the 4th day of trial sessions in the Morris water maze task. In addition, it exerted longer step-through latency times than those of the scopolamine-treated group in the passive avoidance test. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of fermentedC. lanceolataextract on glutamate-induced neurocytotoxicity were investigated in HT22 cells. FermentedC. lanceolataextract showed a relative protection ratio of 59.62% at 500 μg/mL. In conclusion, fermentedC. lanceolataextract ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairments, exerted neuroprotective effects, and improved activity compared to that found with originalC. lanceolata. Further study will be required to investigate the mechanisms underlying this cognitive-enhancing activity.

scholarly journals The Effects ofLoranthus parasiticuson Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Choong Je Ma
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Passive Avoidance Test ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Ht22 Cells ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Maze Test

This study is undertaken to evaluate cognitive enhancing effect and neuroprotective effect ofLoranthus parasiticus. Cognitive enhancing effect ofLoranthus parasiticuswas investigated on scopolamine-induced amnesia model in Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. We also examined the neuroprotective effect on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells by MTT assay. These results of Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test indicated that 10 and 50 mg/kg ofLoranthus parasiticusreversed scopolamine-induced memory deficits.Loranthus parasiticusalso protected against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. As a result ofin vitrotest for elucidating possible mechanism,Loranthus parasiticusinhibited AChE activity, ROS production, and Ca2+accumulation.Loranthus parasiticusshowed memory enhancing effect and neuroprotective effect and these effects may be related to inhibition of AChE activity, ROS level, and Ca2+influx.

The Memory-Ameliorating Effects of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Against Cholinergic Dysfunction in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 993-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Liu ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong Min Kim ◽  
Se Jin Park ◽  
Mudan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task ◽  
Artemisia Princeps

Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Compositae) is widely distributed in China, Japan and Korea and is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. The ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of A. princeps var. orientalis (AEA) was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner in vitro (IC50 value: 541.4 ± 67.5 μg/ml). Therefore, we investigated the effects of AEA on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment using the passive avoidance, the Y-maze, and the Morris water maze tasks in mice. AEA (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks (p < 0.05). In the Morris water maze task, AEA (200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly shortened escape latencies in training trials and increased both swimming time spent in the target zone and probe crossing numbers during the probe trial as compared with scopolamine-treated mice (p < 0.05). Additionally, the ameliorating effect of AEA on scopolamine-induced memory impairment was antagonized by a subeffective dose of MK-801. These results suggest that AEA could be an effective treatment against cholinergic dysfunction and its effect is mediated by the enhancement of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system via NMDA receptor signaling or acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effects of Ethanol Extract ofFructus mumeon Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Soo Kim ◽  
Won Kyung Jeon ◽  
Kye Wan Lee ◽  
Yu Hwa Park ◽  
Jung-Soo Han
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Cholinergic Neurons ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task ◽  
Increased Activity

We previously reported thatFructus mume(F. mume) extract shows protective effects on memory impairments and anti-inflammatory effects induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neurodegeneration of basal cholinergic neurons is also observed in the brain with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Therefore, the present study was conducted to examine whetherF. mumeextracts enhance cognitive function via the action of cholinergic neuron using a scopolamine-induced animal model of memory impairments.F. mume(50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) was administered to C57BL/6 mice for 14 days (days 1–14) and memory impairment was induced by scopolamine (1 mg/kg), a muscarinic receptor antagonist for 7 days (days 8–14). Spatial memory was assessed using Morris water maze and hippocampal level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was examined by ELISA and immunoblotting. Mice that received scopolamine alone showed impairments in acquisition and retention in Morris water maze task and increased activity of AChE in the hippocampus. Mice that receivedF. mumeand scopolamine showed no scopolamine-induced memory impairment and increased activity of AChE. In addition, treatments ofF. mumeincreased ChAT expression in the hippocampus. These results indicated thatF. mumemight enhance cognitive function via action of cholinergic neurons.

Intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the H-89-induced spatial learning deficits in Morris water maze

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Hashemzaei ◽  
Najmeh Baratzadeh ◽  
Iraj Sharamian ◽  
Sahar Fanoudi ◽  
Mehdi Sanati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task

Abstract Objectives H-89 (a protein kinase AII [PKA II] inhibitor) impairs the spatial memory in the Morris water maze task in rats. In the present study, we aimed to study the protective effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine against H-89-induced spatial memory deficits. Methods Spatial memory impairment was induced by the bilateral intrahippocampal administration of 10 µM H-89 (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) to rats. The rats then received bilateral administrations of either nicotine (1 μg/μL, dissolved in saline) or O-acetyl-L-carnitine (100 μM/side, dissolved in deionized water) alone and in combination. Control groups received either saline, deionized water, or DMSO. Results The H-89-treated animals showed significant increases in the time and distance travelled to find hidden platforms, and there was also a significant decrease in the time spent in the target quadrant compared to DMSO-treated animals. Nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine had no significant effects on H-89-induced spatial learning impairments alone, but the bilateral intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevented H-89-induced spatial learning deficits and increased the time spent in the target quadrant in comparison with H-89-treated animals. Conclusions Our results indicated the potential synergistic effects of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine in preventing protein kinase AII inhibitor (H-89)-induced spatial learning impairments.

Protective effect of citicoline against aluminum-induced cognitive impairments in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed O Abdel-Zaher ◽  
Mostafa M Hamdy ◽  
Mahran S Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Doaa H Abd El-hamid
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Radial Arm Maze ◽  
Time Required

The potential protective effect of citicoline on aluminum chloride-induced cognitive deficits was investigated in rats. In a Morris water maze, administration of aluminum chloride to rats for 90 days resulted in increased escape latency to reach the platform and decreased swimming speed in acquisition trials. Similarly, in probe trials, the time required to reach the hidden platform was increased and the time spent in the target quadrant was reduced. Also, administration of aluminum chloride to rats for 90 days increased the reference and working memory errors and time required to end the task in the radial arm maze. In addition, this treatment decreased the step-through latency in the passive avoidance test. Concurrently, treatment of rats with aluminum chloride for 90 days increased hippocampal glutamate, malondialdehyde, and nitrite levels and decreased intracellular reduced glutathione level. In the citicoline-treated group, aluminum chloride-induced learning and memory impairments as assessed by the Morris water maze, radial arm maze, and passive avoidance tests were inhibited. At the same time, treatment of rats with citicoline prevented the biochemical alterations induced by aluminum chloride in the hippocampus. It can be concluded that elevation of hippocampal glutamate level with consequent oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) overproduction may play an important role in aluminum-induced cognitive impairments. Also, our results suggest, for the first time, that citicoline can protect against the development of these cognitive deficits through inhibition of aluminum-induced elevation of glutamate level, oxidative stress, and NO overproduction in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Cognitive-Enhancing Effect ofAronia melanocarpaExtract against Memory Impairment Induced by Scopolamine in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Yong Lee ◽  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Nam Young Kim ◽  
Myong Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Avoidance Tests

Aronia melanocarpa(A. melanocarpa)berriesare a fruit with a marked antioxidant effect. The objective of this study was to confirm the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Moreover, we determined a possible mechanism of the cognitive-enhancing effect involving AChE activity and BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus of mice.A. melanocarpa berriesextract attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in the Morris water maze (79.3 ± 0.8 s of 200 mg/kg and 64.4 ± 10.7 s of 400 mg/kg on day 4) and passive avoidance tests (46.0 ± 41.1 s of 200 mg/kg and 25.6 ± 18.7 s of 400 mg/kg).A. melanocarpa berriesextract reduced the acetylcholinesterase level in the hippocampus of scopolamine-injected mice and increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus. The major compound, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, also reversed memory impairment. These results showed thatA. melanocarpa berriesextract improved memory impairment by inhibiting AChE and increasing BDNF and p-CREB expression, and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside may be responsible for the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract.

Morris Water Maze Task—Virtual Version

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Stening ◽  
Jonas Persson ◽  
Elias Eriksson ◽  
Lars-Olof Wahlund ◽  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Maze Task ◽  
Water Maze Task ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task

Comparative Effectiveness of Agmatine and Choline Treatment in Rats with Cognitive Impairment Induced by AlCl3 and Forced Swim Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264
Author(s):  
Hira Rafi ◽  
Fahad Ahmad ◽  
Javaria Anis ◽  
Ruba Khan ◽  
Hamna Rafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Forced Swim Stress ◽  
Light Dark Box

Aim: Endogenous agmatine has a significant role in learning and memory processes as a neurotransmitter. Various studies described the physiological role of endogenous agmatine in learning and memory of multiple cognitive tasks suggesting elevated levels of agmatine during the learning process in the rat brain. Dietary intake of choline showed correlation with cognitive functions in human subjects and treatment with choline supplements validated the ability to diminish learning and cognitive impairment dementias. Methods: 36 Albino rats were equally divided into three groups previously: a) control-water, b) Test I - AlCl3 (100 mg/Kg body weight), and c) Test II - Forced swim stress (FSS) for 14 days. On the next day of AlCl3 and FSS last administration, animals were allocated into further three groups and received the following treatments: a. water was given orally to the control group, b. Agmatine (100 mg/Kg Body Weight) group, and c. Choline (100 mg/Kg Body Weight) group for the next 14 days. Behaviors were assessed in Light/Dark Box, Open Field, Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR), T Maze Test, and Morris Water Maze Test. Results: Animals administered with agmatine demonstrated increased time spent in bright areas of light/dark box and square crossed while improved spatial memory in Morris water maze and T maze test and enhanced discrimination of novel object in NOR were observed in learning and memory paradigms along with choline. Conclusion: The present study determines that agmatine at the dose of (100 mg/kg body weight) attenuates memory and cognitive impairment in comparison with choline supplements.

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