scholarly journals Cognitive-Enhancing Effect ofAronia melanocarpaExtract against Memory Impairment Induced by Scopolamine in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Yong Lee ◽  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Nam Young Kim ◽  
Myong Ki Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Avoidance Tests

Aronia melanocarpa(A. melanocarpa)berriesare a fruit with a marked antioxidant effect. The objective of this study was to confirm the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance test. Moreover, we determined a possible mechanism of the cognitive-enhancing effect involving AChE activity and BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus of mice.A. melanocarpa berriesextract attenuated the learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine in the Morris water maze (79.3 ± 0.8 s of 200 mg/kg and 64.4 ± 10.7 s of 400 mg/kg on day 4) and passive avoidance tests (46.0 ± 41.1 s of 200 mg/kg and 25.6 ± 18.7 s of 400 mg/kg).A. melanocarpa berriesextract reduced the acetylcholinesterase level in the hippocampus of scopolamine-injected mice and increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the hippocampus. The major compound, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, also reversed memory impairment. These results showed thatA. melanocarpa berriesextract improved memory impairment by inhibiting AChE and increasing BDNF and p-CREB expression, and cyanidin-3-O-galactoside may be responsible for the effect ofA. melanocarpa berriesextract.

scholarly journals Steamed and Fermented Ethanolic Extract fromCodonopsis lanceolataAttenuates Amyloid-β-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Eun-Hye Hong ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Avoidance Tests ◽  
Tof Ms

Codonopsis lanceolata(C. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. We evaluated whether steamed and fermentedC. lanceolata(SFC) extract improves amyloid-β- (Aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effect of SFC extract. Moreover, we investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the hippocampus of mice to determine a possible mechanism for the cognitive-enhancing effect. Saponin compounds in SFC were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). SFC extract ameliorated amyloid-β-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. SFC extract inhibited AChE activity and also significantly increased the level of CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, and ERK activation in hippocampal tissue of amyloid-β-treated mice. Lancemasides A, B, C, D, E, and G and foetidissimoside A compounds present in SFC were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These results indicate that SFC extract improves Aβ-induced memory deficits and that AChE inhibition and CREB/BDNF/ERK expression is important for the effect of the SFC extract. In addition, lancemaside A specifically may be responsible for efficacious effect of SFC.

scholarly journals Cognitive-Enhancing Effect of Steamed and FermentedCodonopsis lanceolata: A Behavioral and Biochemical Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Bo-Ra Yun ◽  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Creb Phosphorylation ◽  
Avoidance Tests

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory impairment.Codonopsis lanceolata(C. lanceolata) has been employed clinically for lung inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fermentedC. lanceolata(300, 500, and 800 mg/kg) on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine by using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. To elucidate possible mechanism of cognitive-enhancing activity, we measured acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) expression in the brain of mice. Administration of fermentedC. lanceolata(800 mg/kg) led to reduced scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. Accordingly, the administration of fermentedC. lanceolatainhibited AchE activity. Interestingly, the level of CREB phosphorylation and BDNF expression in hippocampal tissue of scopolamine-treated mice was significantly increased by the administration of fermentedC. lanceolata. These results indicate that fermentedC. lanceolatacan ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mouse and may be an alternative agent for the treatment of AD.

scholarly journals The Effects ofLoranthus parasiticuson Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Bae Weon ◽  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Min Rye Eom ◽  
Youn Sik Jung ◽  
Choong Je Ma
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Passive Avoidance Test ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Ht22 Cells ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Maze Test

This study is undertaken to evaluate cognitive enhancing effect and neuroprotective effect ofLoranthus parasiticus. Cognitive enhancing effect ofLoranthus parasiticuswas investigated on scopolamine-induced amnesia model in Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test. We also examined the neuroprotective effect on glutamate-induced cell death in HT22 cells by MTT assay. These results of Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test indicated that 10 and 50 mg/kg ofLoranthus parasiticusreversed scopolamine-induced memory deficits.Loranthus parasiticusalso protected against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. As a result ofin vitrotest for elucidating possible mechanism,Loranthus parasiticusinhibited AChE activity, ROS production, and Ca2+accumulation.Loranthus parasiticusshowed memory enhancing effect and neuroprotective effect and these effects may be related to inhibition of AChE activity, ROS level, and Ca2+influx.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ECLIPTA ALBA ON SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED AMNESIA IN MICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Harmel Singh Chahal ◽  
Shailendra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Ache Activity

The present study deals with the evaluation of potential effects of Eclipta alba (EA) in memory impairment of mice. Memory impairment was induced by scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p) in animals. To assess learning and memory in mice Morris water maze test was employed. The acetylcholinestrase enzyme (AChE) activity in brain was measured to evaluate the central cholinergic activity. The levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH)in brain were estimated to assess the degree of oxidative stress. Scopolamine treatment produces significant impairment of learning and memory in mice, as reflected by a significant decrease in MWM performance. Scopolamine also produced a significant enhancement of brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress (increase in TBARS and decrease in GSH) levels. EA (300 and 600 mg/kg,oral) significantly prevented scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits along with decrease of scopolamine-induced rise in brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress levels. It may be concluded that Eclipta alba has significant protective action against scopolamine induced memory deficits in mice that can be attributed to its anti AChE and anti oxidant actions. Keywords:  Alzheimer disease, Oxidative stress, Morris water Maze, Scopolamine

Soybean Isoflavones Influences Learning and Memory and Caspase-3 Levels in the Hippocampus of Rats after MWM Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 3178-3180
Author(s):  
Li Hai Jin ◽  
Xing Yu Zhao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Guo Qing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Soybean Isoflavones ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Intermediate Dose

We assessed the effectiveness and mechanism of action of Soybean Isoflavones on learning and memory and Caspase-3 levels in the hippocampus of rats after Morris water maze (MWM test). Soybean Isoflavones (200,400 or 800 mg/kg/d) were administered by intragavage once daily for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the ability of Soybean Isoflavones to increase learning and memory impairment. The levels of Caspase-3 in hippocampus of rats were detected by Westernblot after MWM test. Compared to untreated controls (P<0.01), MWM could be prolonged after Soybean Isoflavones treatment (P<0.05 for="" low="" and="" intermediate="" dose="" groups="" westernblot="" analysis="" showed="" that="" the="" protein="" expression="" of="" caspase-3="" was="" decreased="" in="" different="" concentration="" soybean="" isoflavones="" i="">P<0.05 and="" i="">P<0.01, respectively). The results suggest that Soybean Isoflavones is effective in improving the learning and memory in rats , the mechanism of which may be related Caspase ways.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TRIPHALA CHURNA INSTREPTOZOTOCIN (I. C. V.) INDUCED DEMENTIA IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Purabi Deka ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glutathione Level

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the memory improving activity of Triphala Churna hydro-methanolic fruit extract on learning and memory functions in Streptozotocin (I. C. V) induced dementia in rats by using morris water maze and elevated plus maze.Methods: A total of 42 albino wistar rats weighing 80-100 g were randomized into 7 equal groups as follows: Normal control group received normal saline (1 ml/kg p. o.) for 24 d, STZ treated group (3 mg/kg, i. c. v) were administered in two dosage regimen i.e. on first day and third day.), Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d, Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d. The learning and memory-impaired rats were treated with Triphala Churna Formulation 1, Triphala Churna Formulation 2 and Triphala Churna Formulation 3 for 21 d (100 mg/kg p. o.). AchE activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione level of brain homogenate was estimated in Control/STZ (I. C. V)/Standard/Triphala Churna fruits extract treated rats.Results: Administration of Triphala Churna fruits extract significantly restored learning and memory impairment induced by STZ (I. C. V) in the elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Furthermore, in the TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group brain AchE level was decreased (P≤0.01) as well as brain lipid peroxidation was also decreased (P≤0.001). Brain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione level were increased (P≤0.001) in the TPLC1 and TPLC2 treated group when compared to the STZ treated group, TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group showed significant (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) increase in superoxide dismutase level. Conclusion: Triphala Churna fruits extract has an improving effect on learning and memory impairment rats produced by Streptozotocin (I. C. V) and may have a useful effect in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Beneficial effects of resveratrol on scopolamine but not mecamylamine induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejat Gacar ◽  
Oguz Mutlu ◽  
Tijen Utkan ◽  
Ipek Komsuoglu Celikyurt ◽  
Semil Selcen Gocmez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Beneficial Effects

The Memory-Ameliorating Effects of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis Against Cholinergic Dysfunction in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 993-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Liu ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong Min Kim ◽  
Se Jin Park ◽  
Mudan Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cholinergic Dysfunction ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task ◽  
Artemisia Princeps

Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Compositae) is widely distributed in China, Japan and Korea and is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. The ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of A. princeps var. orientalis (AEA) was found to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner in vitro (IC50 value: 541.4 ± 67.5 μg/ml). Therefore, we investigated the effects of AEA on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment using the passive avoidance, the Y-maze, and the Morris water maze tasks in mice. AEA (100 or 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly ameliorated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance and Y-maze tasks (p < 0.05). In the Morris water maze task, AEA (200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly shortened escape latencies in training trials and increased both swimming time spent in the target zone and probe crossing numbers during the probe trial as compared with scopolamine-treated mice (p < 0.05). Additionally, the ameliorating effect of AEA on scopolamine-induced memory impairment was antagonized by a subeffective dose of MK-801. These results suggest that AEA could be an effective treatment against cholinergic dysfunction and its effect is mediated by the enhancement of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system via NMDA receptor signaling or acetylcholinesterase inhibition.

scholarly journals Effects of Non-Spatial Pre-Training on Learning and Memory Impairment Detection in the Morris Water Maze

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Phanit KOOMHIN ◽  
Apsorn SATTAYAKHOM ◽  
Sarawoot PALIPOCH ◽  
Chuchard PUNSAWAD ◽  
Sompol TAPECHUM
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Learning And Memory Deficit

One of the most popular learning and memory tests is the Morris water maze. The Morris water maze is a circular pool filled with water with a hidden platform under the water surface. The test is appropriate for rodents, especially rats and mice. The testing protocol comprises 2 parts that evaluate learning ability and memory retention. When animals are placed in the pool, they experience stress, which is the driving force for discovery of a strategy to leave the water. In the experiment, animals use environmental cues to find the location of the hidden platform in the pool. After consecutive training days, animals can more quickly locate the hidden platform. The last day of the task involves a memory test without the platform. It shows a limitation of the test in mild learning and memory deficit models such as 2-vessel occlusion. Differences between the normal and memory impairment models are expressed only in a narrow range. So, we tried to modify the original protocol for mild learning and memory impairment models. We used an albino rat strain for the experiment. A pre-training strategy of 3 days of swimming in the pool with a visible platform prior to the ordinary task was used. The results suggest that this pre-training strategy improved learning and memory in the rat model. When compared to normal rats and 2-vessel occlusion rats (a rat model for vascular dementia), those that participated in the pre-training strategy showed an increase in the percent difference of area under the curve for learning trials. In conclusion, the pre-training strategy increases ability to discriminate learning and memory impairment in the rat model, especially for the mild learning and memory deficit models.

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