scholarly journals Recent Developments of Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis in the Techniques of DeNOx

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Tang ◽  
Xianmang Xu ◽  
Honghong Yi ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Chuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion Of Catalysis ◽  
Positive Results

Electrochemical promotion of catalysis reactions (EPOC) is one of the most significant discoveries in the field of catalytic and environmental protection. The work presented in this paper focuses on the aspects of reaction mechanism, influencing factors, and recent positive results. It has been shown with more than 80 different catalytic systems that the catalytic activity and selectivity of conductive catalysts deposited on solid electrolytes can be altered in the last 30 years. The active ingredient of catalyst can be activated by applying constant voltage or constant current to the catalysts/electrolyte interface. The effect of EPOC can improve greatly the conversion rate of NOx. And it can also improve the lifetime of catalyst by inhibiting its poisoning.

scholarly journals A Discussion on the Unique Features of Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC): Are We in the Right Path Towards Commercial Implementation?

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Angel Caravaca ◽  
Jesús González-Cobos ◽  
Philippe Vernoux
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Promotion ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion Of Catalysis ◽  
The Right

The phenomenon of “Non-Faradaic Electrochemical Modification of Catalytic Activity (NEMCA)” or “Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC)” has been extensively studied for the last decades. Its main strength, with respect to conventionally promoted catalytic systems, is its capability to modify in-situ the activity and/or selectivity of a catalyst by controlling the supply and removal of promoters upon electrical polarization. Previous reviews have summarized the main achievements in this field from both the scientific and technological points of view. However, to this date no commercial application of the EPOC phenomenon has been developed, although numerous advances have been made on the application of EPOC on catalyst nanostructures (closer to those employed in conventional catalytic systems), and on the development of scaled-up reactors suitable for EPOC application. The main bottleneck for EPOC commercialization is likely the choice of the right chemical process. Therefore, from our point of view, future efforts should focus on coupling the latest EPOC advances with the chemical processes where the EPOC phenomenon offers a competitive advantage, either from an environmental, a practical or an economic point of view. In this article, we discuss some of the most promising cases published to date and suggest future improvement strategies. The considered processes are: (i) ethylene epoxidation with environmentally friendly promoters, (ii) NOx storage and reduction under constant reaction atmosphere, (iii) CH4 steam reforming with in-situ catalyst regeneration, (iv) H2 production, storage and release under fixed temperature and pressure, and (v) EPOC-enhanced electrolysers.

scholarly journals Μελέτη της ηλεκτροχημικής ενίσχυσης αναγωγικών και οξειδωτικών αντιδράσεων

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ιωάννα Καλαϊτζίδου
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion ◽  
Nemca Effect ◽  
Electrochemical Modification ◽  
Electrochemical Promotion Of Catalysis

Στις αρχές της δεκαετίας του 1980 ανακαλύφθηκε το φαινόμενο της Μη–Φαρανταϊκής Ηλεκτροχημικής Τροποποίησης της Καταλυτικής Ενεργότητας (Non-Faradaic Electrochemical Modification of Catalytic Activity, NEMCA effect) ή της Ηλεκτροχημικής Ενίσχυσης της Κατάλυσης (Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis, EPOC). Το φαινόμενο αυτό αναφέρεται στην αντιστρεπτή μεταβολή της καταλυτικής ενεργότητας και εκλεκτικότητας καταλυτικών υμενίων εναποτεθειμένων σε στερεούς ηλεκτρολύτες, η οποία προκαλείται από την επιβολή σταθερού ρεύματος ή δυναμικού μεταξύ του καταλυτικού υμενίου και ενός δεύτερου υμενίου (βοηθητικό ηλεκτρόδιο) το οποίο είναι επίσης εναποτεθειμένο στον στερεό ηλεκτρολύτη. Η επίδραση του φαινομένου έχει επιβεβαιωθεί για ένα πλήθος καταλυτικών συστημάτων, σε διάφορους μεταλλικούς καταλύτες, εναποτεθειμένους σε διάφορους ηλεκτρολύτες, Έχει βρεθεί, με χρήση διαφόρων τεχνικών, ότι η ηλεκτροχημική ενίσχυση πηγάζει από την ηλεκτροχημικά ελεγχόμενη παροχή ενισχυτικών ειδών από το φορέα – ηλεκτρολύτη στα καταλυτικά σωματίδια. Τα προωθητικά αυτά ιοντικά είδη, μαζί με το αντισταθμιστικό φορτίο τους στο μέταλλο, σχηματίζουν επιφανειακά δίπολα και καταλαμβάνουν θέσεις σε ολόκληρη την καταλυτική επιφάνεια δημιουργώντας μια ισοδύναμη ηλεκτροχημική διπλοστοιβάδα, η οποία επηρεάζει την ισχύ των δεσμών και συνεπώς την καταλυτική ενεργότητα των ροφημένων αντιδρώντων μορίων και ενδιαμέσων προϊόντων. Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετάται το φαινόμενο αυτό για δυο αντιδράσεις περιβαλλοντικού ενδιαφέροντος, συγκεκριμένα για την αντίδραση της υδρογόνωσης του διοξειδίου του άνθρακα και για την αντίδραση της οξείδωσης του μεθανίου. H ηλεκτροχημική ενίσχυση της υδρογόνωσης του διοξειδίου του άνθρακα μελετήθηκε σε καταλύτες Ru, και διεσπαρμένους καταλύτες Ru-Co σε ΒΖΥ, με τη χρήση ενός πρωτονιακού αγωγού ΒZY, ενώ η ηλεκτροχημική ενίσχυση της οξείδωσης του μεθανίου μελετήθηκε σε καταλύτες Pd, με τη χρήση ενός αγωγού ιόντων οξυγόνου, YSZ. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης αυτής προσφέρουν μια σαφή επίδειξη της ισχύος των Κανόνων Χημικής και Ηλεκτροχημικής Ενίσχυσης, οι οποίοι επιτρέπουν την πρόβλεψη της συμπεριφοράς ενός ηλεκτροχημικού κελιού κατά την επιβολή ρευμάτων ή δυναμικών, μέσω της κινητικής του συστήματος υπό συνθήκες ανοιχτού κυκλώματος.

Catalytic Activity of Binary and Triple Systems Based on Redox Inactive Metal Compound, LiSt and Additives of Monodentate Ligands-Modifiers: DMF, HMPA and PhOH, in Selective Ethylbenzene Oxidation with Dioxygen

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Ludmila Matienko ◽  
◽  
Larisa Mosolova ◽  
Vladimir Binyukov ◽  
Gennady Zaikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Triple System ◽  
Metal Compound ◽  
Ethylbenzene Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Triple Systems ◽  
Lithium Compound ◽  
Mechanism Of Catalysis ◽  
Monodentate Ligands

Mechanism of catalysis with binary and triple catalytic systems based on redox inactive metal (lithium) compound {LiSt+L2} and {LiSt+L2+PhOH} (L2=DMF or HMPA), in the selective ethylbenzene oxidation by dioxygen into -phenylethyl hydroperoxide is researched. The results are compared with catalysis by nickel-lithium triple system {NiII(acac)2+LiSt+PhOH} in selective ethylbenzene oxidation to PEH. The role of H-bonding in mechanism of catalysis is discussed. The possibility of the stable supramolecular nanostructures formation on the basis of triple systems, {LiSt+L2+PhOH}, due to intermolecular H-bonds, is researched with the AFM method.

HOMOGENITAS PRODUKSI BATERAI ION LITIUM BERDASARKAN VARIANS KAPASITAS PENGISIAN, KAPASITAS PELEPASAN DAN EFISIENSI PENGISIAN-PELEPASAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Daniel Fajar Puspita ◽  
Susanto Sigit Rahardi
Keyword(s):  
Constant Current ◽  
Constant Voltage ◽  
Constant Current Charging

Penelitian  mengenai  stabilisasi  produksi  baterai  ion  litium  berdasarkan  parameter  kapasitas  pengisian, kapasitas pelepasan  dan  efisiensi  pengisian-pelepasan  telah  dilakukan. Tujuan  dari penelitian  ini adalah  untuk mengetahui apakah prosedur pembuatan baterai ion litium ini dapat menghasilkan produk yang homogen. Pada penelitian material selanjutnya hal ini berguna untuk meyakinkan bahwa perubahan kualitas   dari produk baterai yang dihasilkan merupakan pengaruh dari material, bukan karena variabel proses perakitan. Pada penelitian ini dipakai lembaran elektroda siap pakai untuk meniadakan pengaruh variasi bahan baku terhadap kualitas sel baterai yang dihasilkan. Sel baterai dibuat di laboratorium riset baterai B4T. Baterai dibuat sebanyak 3 batch dengan jumlah baterai 8 buah setiap batch. Baterai yang dihasilkan diuji dengan alat battery analyzer merek Berkeley buatan USA dengan arus 0,5 C pada saat constant-current charging dan voltase 4,2 V sewaktu constant-voltage charging selama 10 siklus pada saat uji kinerja  dan arus 0,1 C pada saat pengisian  awal.  Hasil yang didapat adalah  batch C menghasilkan sel-sel baterai yang lebih homogen yang ditandai dengan nilai varians dan simpangan baku yang paling kecil dibandingkan batch lainnya.  Selain itu pada saat uji pengisian-pelepasan  10 siklus, batch C juga memperlihatkan kinerja yang lebih tinggi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses yang dipakai pada batch C dapat menghasilkan sel baterai ion litium berkinerja baik dan homogen.Kata kunci: stabilisasi produksi, ion litium, kapasitas, efisiensi

Nickel (II) and oxovanadium (IV) complexes supported on MCM-41 mesoporous and their application in catalytic selective sulfide and thiol oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Nikoorazm ◽  
Maryam Khanmoradi ◽  
Masoumeh Sayadian
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Mcm 41

Introduction:: MCM-41 was synthesized using the sol-gel method. Then two new transition metal complexes of Nickel (II) and Vanadium (IV), were synthesized by immobilization of adenine (6-aminopurine) into MCM-41 mesoporous. The compounds have been characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM, AAS and FT-IR spectral studies. Using these catalysts provided an efficient and enantioselective procedure for oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and oxidative coupling of thiols to their corresponding disulfides using hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. Materials and Methods:: To a solution of sulfide or thiol (1 mmol) and H2O2 (5 mmol), a determined amount of the catalyst was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for the specific time under solvent free conditions. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC using n-hexane: acetone (8:2). Afterwards, the catalyst was removed from the reaction mixture by centrifugation and, then, washed with dichloromethane in order to give the pure products. Results:: All the products were obtained in excellent yields and short reaction times indicating the high activity of the synthesized catalysts. Besides, the catalysts can be recovered and reused for several runs without significant loss in their catalytic activity. Conclusion:: These catalytic systems furnish the products very quickly with excellent yields and VO-6AP-MCM-41 shows high catalytic activity compared to Ni-6AP-MCM-41.

Hydrogen peroxide decomposition on a two-component CuO-Cr2O3 catalyst

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1636-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viliam Múčka ◽  
Kamil Lang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Catalytically Active

Some physical and catalytic properties of the two-component copper(II)oxide-chromium(III)oxide catalyst with different content of both components were studied using the decomposition of the aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide as a testing reaction. It has been found that along to both basic components, the system under study contains also the spinel structure CuCr2O4, chromate washable by water and hexavalent ions of chromium unwashable by water. The soluble chromate is catalytically active. During the first period of the reaction the equilibrium is being established in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems. The catalytic activity as well as the specific surface area of the washed solid is a non-monotonous function of its composition. It seems highly probable that the extreme values of both these quantities are not connected with the detected admixtures in the catalytic system. The system under study is very insensitive with regard to the applied doses of gamma radiation. Its catalytic properties are changed rather significantly after the thermal treatment and particularly after the partial reduction to low degree by hydrogen. The observed changes of the catalytic activity of the system under study are very probably in connection with the changes of the valence state of the catalytically active components of the catalyst.

scholarly journals Mini-Review on the Synthesis of Furfural and Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Jiang ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Zhiyue Zhao ◽  
Zixiao Yi ◽  
Zuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Platform Chemicals

Efficient conversion of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels is regarded as an alternative route to reduce our high dependence on fossil resources and the associated environmental issues. In this context, biomass-based furfural and levulinic acid (LA) platform chemicals are frequently utilized to synthesize various valuable chemicals and biofuels. In this review, the reaction mechanism and catalytic system developed for the generation of furfural and levulinic acid are summarized and compared. Special efforts are focused on the different catalytic systems for the synthesis of furfural and levulinic acid. The corresponding challenges and outlooks are also observed.

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