scholarly journals Grid Code Requirements for Wind Power Integration in Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Sourkounis ◽  
Pavlos Tourou
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Wind Power Integration ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Induction Generators ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Grid Codes ◽  
Doubly Fed

As the capacity of wind power continues to increase globally, stricter requirements regarding grid connection of wind generators are introduced by system operators. The development of wind turbine technology is inevitably affected by the new grid codes, and wind power plants are expected to support the grid and provide ancillary services much like conventional power plants. The most demanding regulations are found in Europe where wind penetration levels are higher. This paper presents the main aspects of current grid code requirements for the integration of wind power in European countries and suggests performance characteristics in order to satisfy the most demanding requirements. The dynamic behavior of wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators is investigated and a solution for low voltage ride through compliance is presented.

scholarly journals Equivalent Modeling of DFIG-Based Wind Power Plant Considering Crowbar Protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianlong Zhu ◽  
Ming Ding ◽  
Pingping Han
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Voltage Dip ◽  
Terminal Voltage ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
Crowbar Protection

Crowbar conduction has an impact on the transient characteristics of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in the short-circuit fault condition. But crowbar protection is seldom considered in the aggregation method for equivalent modeling of DFIG-based wind power plants (WPPs). In this paper, the relationship between the growth of postfault rotor current and the amplitude of the terminal voltage dip is studied by analyzing the rotor current characteristics of a DFIG during the fault process. Then, a terminal voltage dip criterion which can identify crowbar conduction is proposed. Considering the different grid connection structures for single DFIG and WPP, the criterion is revised and the crowbar conduction is judged depending on the revised criterion. Furthermore, an aggregation model of the WPP is established based on the division principle of crowbar conduction. Finally, the proposed equivalent WPP is simulated on a DIgSILENT PowerFactory platform and the results are compared with those of the traditional equivalent WPPs and the detailed WPP. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the method for equivalent modeling of DFIG-based WPP when crowbar protection is also taken into account.

scholarly journals Frequency Support Markets and Wind Power Integration

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7450
Author(s):  
Anzhelika Ivanova ◽  
José Luis Domínguez-García ◽  
Cristina Corchero
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Market Practices ◽  
System Benefit

Europe’s initiative to reduce the emissions of harmful gases has significantly increased the integration of renewable sources into power networks, particularly wind power. Variable renewable sources pose challenges to sustain the balance between generation and demand. Thus, the need for ancillary services to cope with this problem has increased. In this regard, the integration of larger shares of wind generation would have a clear system benefit when wind generators are able to provide these ancillary services. This would also have implications for electricity markets, enabling these services from wind power plants. This article gives an overview of several European markets for frequency support (FS) services, also referred to as FS markets. It identifies the changes in national regulations of 10 European countries to standardize these services based on the ENTSO-E guidelines. However, most of the countries still use their national service definitions, which presents a problem for researchers to understand the national regulations in relation to the ENTSO-E guidelines. This article provides a classification of the national FS services under the definitions of the ENTSO-E guidelines to facilitate research on this topic. Furthermore, it highlights the main requirements for the market practices that would encourage the participation of wind power generation in the provision of these services. An estimation of the economic benefits for wind producers from the provision of FS services is provided as well to show a possible outcome if changes are not made in national policies.

scholarly journals Improving Low Voltage Ride Through Capability of Wind Generators Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangatharan Sivasankar ◽  
Velu Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Dynamic Voltage Restorer ◽  
Wind Power Integration ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Voltage Dip ◽  
Voltage Controller ◽  
Dynamic Voltage

Abstract The increasing wind power integration with power grid has forced the situation to improve the reliability of wind generators for stable operation. One important problem with induction generator based wind farm is its low ride through capability to the grid voltage disturbance. Any disturbance such as voltage dip may cause wind farm outages. Since wind power contribution is in predominant percentage, such outages may lead to stability problem. The proposed strategy is to use dynamic voltage controller (DVR) to compensate the voltage disturbance. The DVR provides the wind generator the ability to remain connected in grid and improve the reliability. The voltage dips due to symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults are considered for analysis. The vector control scheme is employed for fault compensation which uses software phase locked loop scheme and park dq0 transformation technique. Extensive simulation results are included to illustrate the control and operation of DVR.

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