scholarly journals Observation of a Long Primo Vessel in a Lymph Vessel from the Inguinal Node of a Rabbit

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Il Noh ◽  
Yeong-Min Yoo ◽  
Ran-Hyang Kim ◽  
Ye-Ji Hong ◽  
Hye-Rie Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Node ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Lymph Vessel ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Lymph Vessels ◽  
Lymph System

Though primo vessels are frequently found in the lymph near the abdominal aorta of rabbit by Alcian blue dye, the reproductions are still difficult to require considerable skills and technical know-how at dissected tissue of animal species. However, in the inguinal lymph node of a rabbit we found a long-type primo vascular system (LTP) dyed with Alcian blue, from an abdominal lymph vessel to an inguinal lymph node. The length of LTP was over an average length of 9.1 cm. The average diameters of the primo and the lymph vessels were about 23.9 μm and 242 μm, respectively. The primo vessels were not floating but adhered to lymph vessels with fascial connective tissue. These primo vessels might be a functional integration in the lymph system.

scholarly journals Observation of the Primo Vessel Approaching the Axillary Lymph Node with the Fluorescent Dye, DiI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Youn Park ◽  
Byung-Soo Chang ◽  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
Ju Hwan Yoon ◽  
Sungchul Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Axillary Node ◽  
Lymph Vessel ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Rats And Mice

The primo vascular system (PVS) floating in lymph fluid has mostly been observed in large caliber ducts around the caudal vena cava and the thoracic duct of rabbits, rats, and mice. But the PVS has not been traced up to the lymph nodes. It has not been established whether the PVS leaves the lymph vessel through the lymph vessel wall or it enters the lymph nodes. Therefore, observing the PVS entering a lymph node, for example, the axillary node, is desirable. In the current work, we traced the PVS approaching up to the surface of axillary node of a rat. The method used for this study was based upon a method that was recently developed to detect the PVS in the lymph duct from the inguinal to the axillary nodes in the skin of a rat by injecting Alcian blue into the inguinal node. However, the Alcian blue blurred near the lymph nodes and tracing the PVS up to the lymph nodes has not been possible. The current method clearly showed the PVS approaching the axillary node.

scholarly journals Vulva and lower limb cancer: Results of inguinal lymph node staging on 81 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Sidy KA ◽  
Dieng MM ◽  
Thiam J ◽  
Dieng S ◽  
Diallo AC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Node ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Lymph Node Involvement ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Lymph Node Staging ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Inguinal Dissection

Background: The objective of this work completed at the Cancer Institute in Dakar is to report the results of inguinal lymph node dissection in cancers of the lower limb and of the lower genital tract. Methods: This is a retrospective study over a 10-year period. The parameters being studied are histological type, lymph node involvement, postoperative morbidity, recurrence, and survival. Results: 81 patients received surgery over a period of 7 years. The average age of our patients was 61. The sex ratio is 0.74 with 34 men and 47 women. There were 70 cases of cancer of the lower limbs (86%) and 11 cases of cancer of the vulva (14%). The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with 41 cases (51%). Clinical inguinal involvement was noted in 58 patients (72.5%) with palpable lymph nodes. All vulvar cancer patients developed histologically positive nodes. Melanoma patients were more susceptible to developing positive nodes. In sarcoma there were more matches between clinical and histological positive nodes. No vascular and nerve damage was reported. The average length of hospitalization was 5 days, with 3 days being the shortest stay, and 40 days the longest stay. Local complications consisted of suture releases in 9 cases, and 6 surgical necrosis of the wound. A seroma was found with an average duration of 35 days in 69 patients (85%). Postoperative deaths occurred in 5 cases (6%), 1 after a renal failure, 1 due to thromboembolic disease, 1 due to sepsis, and 2 deaths occurred after patients experienced respiratory distress. Conclusion: After five years of follow-up care, no patient presented chronic sequelae after inguinal dissection, 7 patients (8.75%) had local recurrence, and 4 patients (7.7%) had lymph node metastases. We recorded 33 cancer-related deaths (41%). Chronic complications, including lymphedema are underestimated and require better assessment methods for prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Primo Vascular System in the Lymph Vessel from the Inguinal to the Axillary Nodes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Hee Bae ◽  
Geum Ock Kim ◽  
Min Ho Nam ◽  
Young Bok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Lymph Vessel ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Axillary Nodes ◽  
Lymph System ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Removal Of Fat ◽  
Rats And Mice

The primo vascular system (PVS) in a lymph system was observed mostly in large caliber ducts around the caudal vena cava of rabbits, rats, and mice. This required a severe surgery with laparectomy and massive removal of fat tissues in the abdomen to expose the lymph vessel. In the current brief report, we presented a new method to evade these shortcomings by observing the PVS in a less large caliber duct in the skin, that is, the lymph vessel from the inguinal to the axillary nodes. The Alcian blue injection into the inguinal node revealed the desired primo vessel in the target lymph vessel. This opened a new perspective for the investigation of the lymphatic PVS without severe damage to subject animals and for monitoring of the PVS in a long period of time.

scholarly journals Primo Vascular System Accompanying a Blood Vessel from Tumor Tissue and a Method to Distinguish It from the Blood or the Lymph System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaekwan Lim ◽  
Sungwoo Lee ◽  
Zhendong Su ◽  
Hong Bae Kim ◽  
Jung Sun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Lymph Vessel ◽  
Lymph System ◽  
Efficient Criteria

A primo vessel was observed in the abdominal cavity in the lung cancer mouse model, and its function as an extra metastatic path was observed. In this work, we found a primo vessel accompanying a blood vessel emanating from a tumor in the skin. We also presented simple and efficient criteria to distinguish a primo vessel from a blood or a lymph vessel and from a nerve. The criteria for using DAPI and Phalloidin will be useful in clinical situations to find and identify the primo vessels among the blood vessels, lymph vessels, or nerves in the tissue surrounding a tumor such as a melanoma or breast cancer.

scholarly journals Liver lymphatic drainage patterns follow segmental anatomy in a murine model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola C. Frenkel ◽  
Susanna Poghosyan ◽  
André Verheem ◽  
Timothy P. Padera ◽  
Inne H. M. Borel Rinkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Hepatoduodenal Ligament ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Segmental Anatomy ◽  
Drainage Patterns

AbstractThe liver’s cellular functions are sustained by a hierarchical, segmentally-organized vascular system. Additionally, liver lymphatic vessels are thought to drain to perihepatic lymph nodes. Surprisingly, while recent findings highlight the importance of organ-specific lymphatics, the functional anatomy of liver lymphatics has not been mapped out. In literature, no segmental or preferential lymphatic drainage patterns are known to exist. We employ a novel murine model of liver lymphangiography and in vivo microscopy to delineate the lymphatic drainage patterns of individual liver lobes. Our data from blue dye liver lymphangiography show preferential lymphatic drainage patterns: Right lobe mainly to hepatoduodenal ligament lymph node 1 (LN1); left lobe to hepatoduodenal ligament LN1 + LN2 concurrently; median lobe showed a more variable LN1/LN2 drainage pattern with increased (sometimes exclusive) mediastinal thoracic lymph node involvement, indicating that part of the liver can drain directly to the mediastinum. Upon ferritin lymphangiography, we observed no functional communication between the lobar lymphatics. Altogether, these results show the existence of preferential lymphatic drainage patterns in the murine liver. Moreover, this drainage can occur directly to mediastinal lymph nodes and there is no interlobar lymphatic flow. Collectively, these data provide the first direct evidence that liver lymphatic drainage patterns follow segmental anatomy.

scholarly journals A Method for the Observation of the Primo Vascular System in the Thoracic Duct of a Rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungha Kim ◽  
Sharon Jiyoon Jung ◽  
Sang Yeon Cho ◽  
Yoon Kyu Song ◽  
Kwang-Sup Soh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Lymph Vessels ◽  
Straightforward Method

Even though the primo vascular system (PVS) has been observed in large caliber lymph vessels by several independent teams, the presence of the PVS in the thoracic duct has been reported by only one team, probably because reproducing the experiment is technically difficult. This brief report presents a new, relatively straightforward method, which is a simple modification of the previous method of dye injection into the lumbar node, to observe the PVS in a thoracic duct of a rat by injecting Alcian blue into the renal node. When this new method was applied to a rat, the branching of the primo vessel in the thoracic duct was clearly displayed. Thus, this new method is expected to extend the network of the PVS from abdominal lymph ducts to thoracic ones.

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