scholarly journals The European Hot Spot of B[a]P and PM2.5 Exposure—The Ostrava Region, Czech Republic: Health Research Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim J. Sram ◽  
Miroslav Dostal ◽  
Helena Libalova ◽  
Pavel Rossner ◽  
Andrea Rossnerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Asthma Bronchiale ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The Impact

The Ostrava Region in the Czech Republic is a heavily polluted industrial area. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) significantly exceed limit values. To investigate the impact of these levels on human health, epidemiological, molecular epidemiology, and in vitro studies were done in 2008–2011. Morbidity of children was followed in 10 pediatric districts. In the most polluted district, children suffered higher incidence of acute respiratory diseases in the first year of life, and higher prevalence of asthma bronchiale. Gene expression was studied in children from Ostrava and from a control rural area. Genes specific to asthma bronchiale differed, suggesting a different molecular phenotype in children in the polluted region compared to children in the control area. A molecular epidemiology study showed adverse effect of the Ostrava exposures, but also an increased expression of XRCC5, which probably protects these exposed subjects against the degree of genetic damage that would otherwise be expected. In vitro studies clearly related concentration of B[a]P from PM2.5 extracts to induced PAH-DNA adducts. These studies clearly demonstrate that under the present local environmental conditions, the health of the population is severely impaired and will likely remain so for a significant period of time.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND AIR POLLUTION ON INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. LEAVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1326-1333
Author(s):  
V. Abozaid ◽  
H. Arif Abdulrahman ◽  
D. Ayoub Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Impact

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower) thickness, palisade layer height and spongy parenchyma width) in addition to midrib parameters (epidermis thickness (upper and lower), collenchyma and parenchyma layer width, phloem and xylem width and pith diameter) were decreased in both locations I, II, and with well-developed anatomical features in location III.

scholarly journals Time-dependent and force-dependent vasoreactivity of isolated human umbilical arteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Đorđe Đukanović ◽  
Milica Gajić ◽  
Ranko Škrbić
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Umbilical Arteries ◽  
The Impact

Background/Aim: There have been different experimental conditions for in vitro studies on human umbilical arteries (HUA) in tissue bath system. This diversity was mainly reflected in variables such as stretching tension, incubation period and initial constriction challenging with potassium (KCl). The aim of the study was to establish optimal experimental conditions which will provide better responsiveness of HUA preparations, as well as to examine the impact of 24 h cold storage on viability and responsiveness of HUA to KCl and serotonin. Methods: The KCl-induced constrictions at different stretching tensions (0.5 g, 1.0 g, 2.0 g, 4.0 g), incubation times (30 min, 60 min, 120 min), and after multiple initial constriction challenging were compared. Dose response curves for serotonin were obtained under different conditions (1.0 g and 60 min vs. 2.0 g and 120 min). The influence of 24 h cold storage on KCland serotonininduced vasoconstriction of HUA preparations was examined as well. Results: The strongest constrictions induced by serotonin or KCl were obtained when preparations were adjusted at 2.0 g and incubated for 120 min. The KCl-induced constrictions observed after 120 min were statistically higher (p < 0.05) when preparations were challenged three times (30 min, 60 min, 120 min), compared to those challenged only once. The preparations that were stored at 4 ⁰C for 24 h showed significantly stronger serotonin-induced constrictions (p < 0.01). The cold storage had no influence on KCl-induced constriction. Conclusion: For performing in vitro studies on HUA preparations in tissue bath, we propose stretching tension of 2.0 g, incubation period of 120 min and multiple initial constriction challenging with KCl as optimal experimental condition. We also showed that HUA preparations retained functional viability even after 24 h of cold storage.

scholarly journals Myofibroblasts cause heterogeneous Cx43 reduction and are unlikely to be coupled to myocytes in the healing canine infarct

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. H790-H800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Baum ◽  
Biao Long ◽  
Candido Cabo ◽  
Heather S. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Conduction Abnormalities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intact Heart

Following myocardial infarction (MI) inflammatory responses transform cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which in vitro studies show form heterocellular gap junctions with cardiac myocytes via Connexin43 (Cx43). The ability to form heterocellular junctions in the intact heart and the impact of these junctions on propagation is unclear. We used a canine model of MI and characterized the distribution and quantity of myofibroblasts in surviving epicardial cells [epicardial border zone (EBZ)]. We found a significant increase in myofibroblasts within the EBZ and no gap junction plaques between myofibroblasts and myocytes. Because myofibroblasts produce IL-1β, which downregulates Cx43, we asked whether myofibroblast proliferation causes loss of Cx43 near myofibroblast clusters. In vitro studies showed that IL-1β caused loss of Cx43 and reduced coupling. Western blot showed a significant increase of IL-1β in the EBZ, and immunohistochemistry showed a loss of Cx43 in regions of myofibroblasts in the intact heart. Additionally, dye studies in intact heart showed no coupling between myocytes and myofibroblasts. To quantify the effect of myofibroblasts on propagation we used a two-dimensional subcellular computer model of the EBZ, which showed that heterogeneities in myofibroblast density lead to conduction abnormalities. In conclusion, an increase of myofibroblasts in the infarcted heart causes heterogeneous Cx43 levels, possibly as a result of the release of IL-1β and decreased cell-cell communication, which leads to conduction abnormalities following MI.

scholarly journals The Impact of Electromagnetic Radiation of Different Parameters on Platelet Oxygen Metabolism – In Vitro Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Lewicka ◽  
Gabriela Henrykowska ◽  
Krzysztof Pacholski ◽  
Artur Szczęsny ◽  
Maria Dziedziczak-Buczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
The Impact

Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: Is Continuous Infusion The Preferred Method of Administration?

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Vondracek
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To examine the pharmacodynamic properties of the beta-lactam class of antibiotics and the rationale for their continuous infusion (CI), and to explore reasons that this mode of administration has not replaced intermittent infusion as the standard of practice. Data Sources: A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature evaluating CI administration of beta-lactam antibiotics was conducted. Bibliographic searches of these articles also were performed. Study Selection: Because there were few human trials, all available trials were considered for review. A cross section of clinical trials, animal studies, and in vitro studies examining the impact of the route of antibiotic administration was selected for each pharmacodynamic variable addressed. Data Synthesis: The support for CI as the preferred method of beta-lactam administration comes primarily from in vitro and animal data. Most beta-lactam antibiotics do not demonstrate concentration-dependent killing and have an appreciable postantibiotic effect only against gram-positive cocci. Their efficacy appears to be optimized by maintaining suprainhibitory concentrations throughout the dosing interval. Therefore, CI of beta-lactams could potentially enhance the efficacy of treatment or allow less drug to be used on a daily basis. This has yet to be demonstrated convincingly in human clinical trials. Comparative trials need to continue to explore die impact of the method of administration on patient outcomes such as duration and cost of therapy, as well as morbidity and mortality. Conclusions: Results of many animal and in vitro studies suggest that CI may be the optimal method of beta-lactam administration. Clinical trials need to further document the impact of the method of beta-lactam administration on the incidence of adverse effects, emergence of bacterial resistance, and patient outcome. Pharmacodynamic studies defining target beta-lactam concentrations, the practicality of CI in patients requiring multiple intravenous fluids and medications, and the pertinence of this issue when beta-lactam antibiotics are used as sole agents or in combination with other antimicrobials require further exploration.

Mediation of Glucoregulation at Rest and During Exercise by the Glucose-Fatty Acid Cycle: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 534-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol D. Rodgers ◽  
Mladen Vranic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle ◽  
The Impact

Himsworth (1934) demonstrated that increased fat consumption leads to decreased glucose tolerance due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Randle and colleagues (1964) named this interplay between fat and carbohydrate metabolism the glucose-fatty acid cycle (GFAC) and proposed a series of feedback mechanisms by which elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) impair glucose uptake and oxidation in rat heart and diaphragm muscle. Numerous investigators have extended these studies to clarify the existence of GFAC and provide insight into the mechanisms and conditions under which it occurs. This paper reviews the literature and highlights other indirect means by which FFAs affect carbohydrate metabolism. Numerous in vitro studies are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of FFA concentration, carbon length, and degree of saturation. This article addresses evidence that the interplay between fat and carbohydrate metabolism is not a function of FFA concentration but a result of the impact that FFA levels have on insulin. Key words: glucose-fatty acid cycle, Randle cycle, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, glucose uptake, glucose oxidation, fat oxidation

scholarly journals Therapeutics Effects of Oral Cavity Derived Stem Cells on the Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Emel Uzunoglu-Ozyurek ◽  
◽  
Gizem Önal ◽  
Serap Dökmeci ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Moderate Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Published data obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies was reviewed systematically and analyzed critically in order to evaluate the effect of oral cavity derived stem cells (OCDSCs) on the recovery/therapy of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s (AD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s (HD) and Parkinson’s (PD). Methods: An electronic search was accomplished. References of included articles were also searched manually. Studies were critically evaluated for suitability against inclusion/exclusion criteria and data was extracted. Bias risk evaluation of the studies and evidence synthesis were conducted. Results: Fourteen in vivo and 10 in vitro studies met inclusion criteria. PD was induced in 10 in vivo and 7 in vitro studies, while AD was induced in 2 in vivo and 4 in vitro studies. Two studies (1 in vitro and 1 in vivo) evaluated ALS disease and 1 in vivo study evaluated HD. Moderate evidence was found for in vitro studies reporting positive effect of OCDSCs on either PD or AD recovery. Strong evidence was found for in vivo studies in which PD animal models were used; while moderate evidence was found for the impact of OCDSCs on the recovery of the AD. Limited evidence was found for in vivo studies evaluating HD and ALS. Conclusion: Although studies included reported favorable data regarding the OCDSCs on NDs, they presented considerable risk of bias. Because of heterogenous study characteristics, current study recommends the improvement of standardized methods to evaluate the therapeutics effects of OCDSCs on the NDs.

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