scholarly journals Combinatorial Control of Gene Expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Bhattacharjee ◽  
Kaushik Renganaath ◽  
Rajesh Mehrotra ◽  
Sandhya Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Combinatorial Control ◽  
Sense And Respond ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

The complexity and diversity of eukaryotic organisms are a feat of nature’s engineering. Pulling the strings of such an intricate machinery requires an even more masterful and crafty approach. Only the number and type of responses that they generate exceed the staggering proportions of environmental signals perceived and processed by eukaryotes. Hence, at first glance, the cell’s sparse stockpile of controlling factors does not seem remotely adequate to carry out this response. The question as to how eukaryotes sense and respond to environmental cues has no single answer. It is an amalgamation, an interplay between several processes, pathways, and factors—a combinatorial control. A short description of some of the most important elements that operate this entire conglomerate is given in this paper.

scholarly journals Roles of HIF and 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases in Controlling Gene Expression in Hypoxia

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Julianty Frost ◽  
Mark Frost ◽  
Michael Batie ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Sonia Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylases ◽  
Chromatin Organisation ◽  
Sense And Respond ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Hypoxia—reduction in oxygen availability—plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Given the importance of oxygen for cell and organism viability, mechanisms to sense and respond to hypoxia are in place. A variety of enzymes utilise molecular oxygen, but of particular importance to oxygen sensing are the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDs). Of these, Prolyl-hydroxylases have long been recognised to control the levels and function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), a master transcriptional regulator in hypoxia, via their hydroxylase activity. However, recent studies are revealing that dioxygenases are involved in almost all aspects of gene regulation, including chromatin organisation, transcription and translation. We highlight the relevance of HIF and 2-OGDs in the control of gene expression in response to hypoxia and their relevance to human biology and health.

scholarly journals Bacterial iron–sulfur cluster sensors in mammalian pathogens

Metallomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halie K. Miller ◽  
Victoria Auerbuch
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bacterial Pathogenesis ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Sulfur Cluster ◽  
Iron Sulfur

We review how iron–sulfur cluster-containing regulators contribute to bacterial pathogenesis through control of gene expression in response to environmental cues.

scholarly journals Mechanotransduction in Prokaryotes: A Possible Mechanism of Spaceflight Adaptation

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Patricia Fajardo-Cavazos ◽  
Wayne L. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Dna Supercoiling ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Mechanical Signals ◽  
Bacterial Nucleoid ◽  
Sense And Respond ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Review Current

Our understanding of the mechanisms of microgravity perception and response in prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) lag behind those which have been elucidated in eukaryotic organisms. In this hypothesis paper, we: (i) review how eukaryotic cells sense and respond to microgravity using various pathways responsive to unloading of mechanical stress; (ii) we observe that prokaryotic cells possess many structures analogous to mechanosensitive structures in eukaryotes; (iii) we review current evidence indicating that prokaryotes also possess active mechanosensing and mechanotransduction mechanisms; and (iv) we propose a complete mechanotransduction model including mechanisms by which mechanical signals may be transduced to the gene expression apparatus through alterations in bacterial nucleoid architecture, DNA supercoiling, and epigenetic pathways.

scholarly journals Roles Of HIF and 2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Enzymes in Controlling Gene Expression In Hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianty Frost ◽  
Mark Frost ◽  
Michael Batie ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Sonia Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylases ◽  
Chromatin Organisation ◽  
Sense And Respond ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

Hypoxia — reduction in oxygen availability—plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Given the importance of oxygen for cell and organism viability, mechanisms to sense and respond to hypoxia are in place. A variety of enzymes utilise molecular oxygen, but of particular importance to oxygen sensing are the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDs). Of these, Prolyl-hydroxylases have long been recognised to control the levels and function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), a master transcriptional regulator in hypoxia, via their hydroxylase activity. However, recent studies are revealing that dioxygenases are involved in almost all aspects of gene regulation, including chromatin organisation, transcription and translation. We highlight the relevance of HIF and 2-OG dioxyenases in the control of gene expression in response to hypoxia and their relevance to human cancers.

scholarly journals Combinatorial control of gene expression in Aspergillus niger grown on sugar beet pectin

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Kowalczyk ◽  
Ronnie J. M. Lubbers ◽  
Mao Peng ◽  
Evy Battaglia ◽  
Jaap Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Combinatorial Control

scholarly journals Changes in Methylation Patterns of Kiss1 and Kiss1r Gene Promoters across Puberty

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. GEG.S12897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Wyatt ◽  
Monika Zavodna ◽  
Jean L. Viljoen ◽  
Jo-Ann L. Stanton ◽  
Neil J. Gemmell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
Pubertal Transition

The initiation of mammalian puberty is underpinned by an increase in Kisspeptin (Kiss1) signaling via its receptor (Kiss1r/GPR54) on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Animals and humans with loss-of-function mutations in Kiss1 or Kiss1r fail to go through puberty. The timing of puberty is dependent on environmental factors, and malleability in puberty timing suggests a mechanism that can translate environmental signals into patterns of Kiss1/Kiss1r gene expression. Epigenetics is a powerful mechanism that can control gene expression in an environment-dependent manner. We investigated whether epigenetic DNA methylation is associated with gene expression changes at puberty. We used bisulfite-PCR-pyrosequencing to define the methylation in the promoters of Kiss1 and Kiss1r before and after puberty in female rats. Both Kiss1 and Kiss1r showed highly significant puberty-specific differential promoter methylation patterns. By identifying key differentially methylated residues associated with puberty, these findings will be important for further studies investigating the control of gene expression across the pubertal transition.

scholarly journals Cross-talk and regulatory interactions between the essential response regulator RpaB and cyanobacterial circadian clock output

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 2198-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Espinosa ◽  
Joseph S. Boyd ◽  
Raquel Cantos ◽  
Paloma Salinas ◽  
Susan S. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Intracellular Signals

The response regulator RpaB (regulator of phycobilisome associated B), part of an essential two-component system conserved in cyanobacteria that responds to multiple environmental signals, has recently been implicated in the control of cell dimensions and of circadian rhythms of gene expression in the model cyanobacteriumSynechococcus elongatusPCC 7942. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms that underlie RpaB functions. In this study we show that the regulation of phenotypes by RpaB is intimately connected with the activity of RpaA (regulator of phycobilisome associated A), the master regulator of circadian transcription patterns. RpaB affects RpaA activity both through control of gene expression, a function requiring an intact effector domain, and via altering RpaA phosphorylation, a function mediated through the N-terminal receiver domain of RpaB. Thus, both phosphorylation cross-talk and coregulation of target genes play a role in the genetic interactions between the RpaA and RpaB pathways. In addition, RpaB∼P levels appear critical for survival under light:dark cycles, conditions in which RpaB phosphorylation is environmentally driven independent of the circadian clock. We propose that the complex regulatory interactions between the essential and environmentally sensitive NblS-RpaB system and the SasA-RpaA clock output system integrate relevant extra- and intracellular signals to the circadian clock.

scholarly journals Combinatorial control of gene expression by the three yeast repressors Mig1, Mig2 and Mig3

BMC Genomics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Westholm ◽  
Niklas Nordberg ◽  
Eva Murén ◽  
Adam Ameur ◽  
Jan Komorowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Combinatorial Control
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