scholarly journals Bone Marrow Stem Cell as a Potential Treatment for Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Susumu Ikehara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Islet Cell Transplantation ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action. The chronic hyperglycemia damages the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. Curative therapies mainly include diet, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic agents. However, these therapies fail to maintain blood glucose levels in the normal range all the time. Although pancreas or islet-cell transplantation achieves better glucose control, a major obstacle is the shortage of donor organs. Recently, research has focused on stem cells which can be classified into embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and tissue stem cells (TSCs) to generate functionalβcells. TSCs include the bone-marrow-, liver-, and pancreas-derived stem cells. In this review, we focus on treatment using bone marrow stem cells for type 1 and 2 DM.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Differentiation Potential in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Wharton’s Jelly, Bone Marrow, and Pancreatic Tissues

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Yi Kao ◽  
Jia-Fwu Shyu ◽  
Hwai-Shi Wang ◽  
Chi-Hung Lin ◽  
Cheng-Hsi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Wharton's Jelly ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background. Type 1 diabetes mellitus results from autoimmune destruction ofβ-cells. Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in human tissues decrease blood glucose levels and improve survival in diabetic rats. We compared the differential ability and the curative effect of IPCs from three types of human tissue to determine the ideal source of cell therapy for diabetes.Methods. We induced MSCs from Wharton’s jelly (WJ), bone marrow (BM), and surgically resected pancreatic tissue to differentiate into IPCs. Thein vitrodifferential function of these IPCs was compared by insulin-to-DNA ratios and C-peptide levels after glucose challenge.In vivocurative effects of IPCs transplanted into diabetic rats were monitored by weekly blood glucose measurement.Results. WJ-MSCs showed better proliferation and differentiation potential than pancreatic MSCs and BM-MSCs.In vivo, WJ-IPCs significantly reduced blood glucose levels at first week after transplantation and maintained significant decrease till week 8. BM-IPCs reduced blood glucose levels at first week but gradually increased since week 3. In resected pancreas-IPCs group, blood glucose levels were significantly reduced till two weeks after transplantation and gradually increased since week 4.Conclusion. WJ-MSCs are the most promising stem cell source forβ-cell regeneration in diabetes treatment.

High Blood Glucose Levels Affect Auditory Brainstem Responses after Acoustic Overexposure in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jae-Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Hee Ji ◽  
Jae Yun Jung ◽  
Min Young Lee ◽  
Chi-Kyou Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Brainstem Response

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and several pathological changes. DM-related hearing dysfunctions are associated with histological changes. Here, we explore hearing function and synaptic changes in the inner hair cells (IHCs) of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Methods: STZ was injected to trigger diabetes. Rats with DM were exposed to narrow-band noise (105 dB SPL) for 2 h, and hearing function was analyzed 1, 3, 7, and 14 days later. Both the hearing threshold and the peak 1 amplitude of the tone auditory brainstem response were assessed. After the last functional test, animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation. Results: We found no changes in the baseline hearing threshold; however, the peak 1 amplitude at the low frequency (4 kHz) was significantly higher in both DM groups than in the control groups. The hearing threshold had not fully recovered at 14 days after diabetic rats were exposed to noise. The peak 1 amplitude at the higher frequencies (16 and 32 kHz) was significantly larger in both DM groups than in the control groups. The histological analysis revealed that the long-term DM group had significantly more synapses in the 16 kHz region than the other groups. Conclusions: We found that high blood glucose levels increased peak 1 amplitudes without changing the hearing threshold. Diabetic rats were less resilient in threshold changes and were less vulnerable to peak 1 amplitude and synaptic damage than control animals.

Influence of glucose levels on clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy for large-vessel occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017771
Author(s):  
Carlos Perez-Vega ◽  
Ricardo A Domingo ◽  
Shashwat Tripathi ◽  
Andres Ramos-Fresnedo ◽  
Samir Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) represents the mainstay of treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (LVO). Intravenous thrombolysis has been associated with worse clinical outcome in patients presenting with high blood glucose levels at admission; to date the true effect of hyperglycemia in the setting of MT has not been fully elucidated. In this meta-analysis, we analyzed the influence of high blood glucose levels at admission on clinical outcome after MT. Ovid EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from their dates of inception up to March 2021. An initial search identified 2118 articles representing 1235 unique studies. After applying selection criteria, three prospective and five retrospective studies were analyzed, yielding a pooled cohort of 5861 patients (2041 who presented with hyperglycemia, and 3820 who presented with normal blood glucose levels). Patients in the hyperglycemia group were less likely to have a modified Ranking Scale (mRS) score <3 (risk ratio (RR): 0.65; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.72; p<0.0001; I2=13%), and had an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) (RR: 2.07; 95% CI 1.65 to 2.60; p<0.0001; I2=0%) and mortality (RR: 1.73; 95% CI 1.57 to 1.91; p<0.0001; I2=0%). Patients who present with hyperglycemia and undergo MT for treatment of LVO have an increased risk of unfavorable clinical outcome, sICH, and mortality. Glucose levels at admission appear to be a prognostic factor in this subset of patients. Further studies should focus on evaluating control of the glucose level at admission as a modifiable risk factor in patients undergoing MT for LVO.

Sitagliptin: A DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMT.S6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn MS Johnson ◽  
Kathleen Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become an epidemic, with worldwide projections indicating that more than 336 million people will be afflicted with the disease by 2030. T2DM is characterized by inappropriately high blood glucose levels due to a deficiency in insulin secretion, action, or both. Despite the horrific complications that occur with chronic elevations of blood glucose levels, less than half of those with T2DM do not maintain proper glycemic control. Sitagliptin (Januvia, Merck and Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey) is a novel diabetes therapy approved for use in the U.S. and Europe. This small molecule inhibits the activity of DPP-4, a peptidase that degrades the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1. Sitagliptin increases glucoregulation in individuals with T2DM both as a monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycemic drugs, with a low risk of adverse side effects.

scholarly journals High activity enables life on a high-sugar diet: blood glucose regulation in nectar-feeding bats

2011 ◽  
Vol 278 (1724) ◽  
pp. 3490-3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev H. Kelm ◽  
Ralph Simon ◽  
Doreen Kuhlow ◽  
Christian C. Voigt ◽  
Michael Ristow
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Feeding

High blood glucose levels caused by excessive sugar consumption are detrimental to mammalian health and life expectancy. Despite consuming vast quantities of sugar-rich floral nectar, nectar-feeding bats are long-lived, provoking the question of how they regulate blood glucose. We investigated blood glucose levels in nectar-feeding bats ( Glossophaga soricina ) in experiments in which we varied the amount of dietary sugar or flight time. Blood glucose levels increased with the quantity of glucose ingested and exceeded 25 mmol l −1 blood in resting bats, which is among the highest values ever recorded in mammals fed sugar quantities similar to their natural diet. During normal feeding, blood glucose values decreased with increasing flight time, but only fell to expected values when bats spent 75 per cent of their time airborne. Either nectar-feeding bats have evolved mechanisms to avoid negative health effects of hyperglycaemia, or high activity is key to balancing blood glucose levels during foraging. We suggest that the coevolutionary specialization of bats towards a nectar diet was supported by the high activity and elevated metabolic rates of these bats. High activity may have conferred benefits to the bats in terms of behavioural interactions and foraging success, and is simultaneously likely to have increased their efficiency as plant pollinators.

Fetal Liver-Derived Stem Cells Ameliorate Immune Functions in Leptin Receptor-Deficient Mice

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 5417-5417
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Yasushi Adachi ◽  
Susumu Ikehara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
The Body ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Fetal liver (FL) contains hepatic stem cells, hematopietic stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells, as well as pluripotent stem cells and very small embryonic-like stem cells. FL has thus been available as a source of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Our previous report suggested that combining FL cell transplantation with the transplantation of fetal thymus prevented tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, in animal models, intra bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) has proven to be the best approach for allogenic BMT. We here propose that transplanting FL cells by IBM-BMT can improve immune functions in leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. FL cells were collected from FLs of C57BL/6 mice at 16 days post coitum, and then transplanted by IBM-BMT to leptin receptor deficent mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes with obesity. Our results showed that the body weight was significantly lowered in the treated db/db mice than in the sham-treated db/db mice. The plasma IL-6 level significantly decreased and adiponectin level significantly increased after the transplantation of FL cells. Blood glucose levels also significantly decreased although not to within the normal range. This is the first report that the transplantation of FL cells may improve immune function, resulting in increased adiponectin levels, and decreased body weight in db/db mice. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Effect of Cinnamon Tea on Postprandial Glucose Concentration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandra Bernardo ◽  
Maria Leonor Silva ◽  
Elisabeth Santos ◽  
Margarida Maria Moncada ◽  
José Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status

Glycaemic control, in particular at postprandial period, has a key role in prevention of different diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular events. Previous studies suggest that postprandial high blood glucose levels (BGL) can lead to an oxidative stress status, which is associated with metabolic alterations. Cinnamon powder has demonstrated a beneficial effect on postprandial glucose homeostasis in animals and human models. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of cinnamon tea (C. burmannii) on postprandial capillary blood glucose level on nondiabetic adults. Participants were given oral glucose tolerance test either with or without cinnamon tea in a randomized clinical trial. The data revealed that cinnamon tea administration slightly decreased postprandial BGL. Cinnamon tea ingestion also results in a significantly lower postprandial maximum glucose concentration and variation of maximum glucose concentration (p< 0.05). Chemical analysis showed that cinnamon tea has a high antioxidant capacity, which may be due to its polyphenol content. The present study provides evidence that cinnamon tea, obtained fromC. burmannii, could be beneficial for controlling glucose metabolism in nondiabetic adults during postprandial period.

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