scholarly journals Moisture Transport for Reaction Enhancement in Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Gibson ◽  
Heidi Schreuder-Gibson ◽  
Pearl Yip ◽  
Brendan Denker ◽  
Hamid Benaddi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bound Water ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Reactive Polymers ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Protective Polymer ◽  
Moisture Vapor ◽  
Protective Fabrics ◽  
Excessive Perspiration

The role of water in protective fabrics is critical to comfort and material performance. Excessive perspiration in clothing causes discomfort, and bound water can adversely affect the ability of carbon to adsorb chemicals. Yet the presence of water can also improve the moisture vapor transport of protective polymer films, and is essential for the hydrolytic destruction of nerve agents. Reported here are the findings of wicking and drying experiments conducted on various hydrophilic and hydrophobic cover fabrics that demonstrate the influence of wetting on permeation through fabrics. The influence of water content on reactive polymers capable of degrading nerve agent simulant is also discussed, and the importance of a novel “delivery system” for water to the reactive components through the use of a wicking fabric is introduced.

The Role of DARPP-32, an Intracellular Signaling Molecule, in the Actions of the Nerve Agent Sarin

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Ming Shih ◽  
Gretchen L. Snyder ◽  
Allen A. Fienberg ◽  
Stacey Galdi ◽  
Minal Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Nerve Agent ◽  
Signaling Molecule

Extreme Surface Winds During Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers: The Modulating Role of Near-Surface Stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence J. Pagano ◽  
Duane E. Waliser ◽  
Bin Guan ◽  
Hengchun Ye ◽  
F. Martin Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Surface Winds ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Extreme Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Rivers ◽  
Explained Variance

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are long and narrow regions of strong horizontal water vapor transport. Upon landfall, ARs are typically associated with heavy precipitation and strong surface winds. A quantitative understanding of the atmospheric conditions that favor extreme surface winds during ARs has implications for anticipating and managing various impacts associated with these potentially hazardous events. Here, a global AR database (1999–2014) with relevant information from MERRA-2 reanalysis, QuikSCAT and AIRS satellite observations are used to better understand and quantify the role of near-surface static stability in modulating surface winds during landfalling ARs. The temperature difference between the surface and 1 km MSL (ΔT; used here as a proxy for near-surface static stability), and integrated water vapor transport (IVT) are analyzed to quantify their relationships to surface winds using bivariate linear regression. In four regions where AR landfalls are common, the MERRA-2-based results indicate that IVT accounts for 22-38% of the variance in surface wind speed. Combining ΔT with IVT increases the explained variance to 36-52%. Substitution of QuikSCAT surface winds and AIRS ΔT in place of the MERRA-2 data largely preserves this relationship (e.g., 44% compared to 52% explained variance for USA West Coast). Use of an alternate static stability measure–the bulk Richardson number–yields a similar explained variance (47%). Lastly, AR cases within the top and bottom 25% of near-surface static stability indicate that extreme surface winds (gale or higher) are more likely to occur in unstable conditions (5.3%/14.7% during weak/strong IVT) than in stable conditions (0.58%/6.15%).

SUBSTANTIATION OF NECESSITY OF APPLICATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOODSTUFFS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Н. КОРНЕН ◽  
С.А. КАЛМАНОВИЧ ◽  
Т.А. ШАХРАЙ ◽  
Е.П. ВИКТОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Protective Fabrics ◽  
Technological University

Проведен анализ современных научных представлений о роли фосфолипидов (ФЛ) в обеспечении функционирования биомембран и их регуляторной функции в важнейших клеточных процессах. Из ФЛ состоит 50% печени, 1/3 мозговых изолирующих и защитных тканей, окружающих головной и спинной мозг. По рекомендациям РАМН, физиологическая потребность взрослого человека в ФЛ составляет 5–7 г/сут. Согласно проведенным исследованиям, в пищевом статусе населения РФ дефицит ФЛ составляет от 50 до 80%. Показано, что современный уровень знаний о физиологической роли ФЛ способствует созданию и внедрению в производство фосфолипидных продуктов на основе ФЛ и фосфолипидных БАД на основе растительных лецитинов, употребление которых может нормализовать пищевой статус. Дано описание фосфолипидных продуктов и БАД серии Тонус (Супер-Тонус, Фито-Тонус, Тонус-Плюс) и серии Витол (Витол, Витол-Холин и Витол-ФЭИ), разработанных учеными Кубанского государственного технологического университета. Показаны возможности применения растительных лецитинов, фосфолипидных продуктов и БАД на их основе в качестве многофункциональных рецептурных компонентов при производстве пищевых продуктов функционального и специализированного назначения. The analysis of modern scientific ideas about the role of phospholipids (FL) in ensuring the functioning of biomembranes and their regulatory function in the most important cellular processes is carried out. So, 50% of a liver, 1/3 brain isolating and protective fabrics surrounding a brain and spinal cord consist of FL. According to the recommendations of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, the physiological need of an adult in FL is 5–7 g/day. According to the conducted studies, in the nutritional status of the Russian population, the deficit of FL is from 50 to 80%. It is shown that the current level of knowledge about the physiological role of FL contributes to the creation and introduction of phospholipid products based on FL and phospholipid supplements on the basis of vegetable lecithins, the use of which can normalize the nutritional status. The description of phospholipid products and dietary supplements developed by scientists of the Kuban State Technological University of the Tonus series (Super Tonus, Phyto Tonus, Tonus Plus) and the Vitol series (Vitol, Vitol Kholin and Vitol FEI) is given. The possibilities of using vegetable lecithins, phospholipid products and dietary supplements on their basis are shown as multifunctional prescription components in the production of functional and specialized food products.

scholarly journals A thermodynamic formulation of root water uptake

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3441-3454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Hildebrandt ◽  
Axel Kleidon ◽  
Marcel Bechmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Entire Flow ◽  
Soil Water Distribution

Abstract. By extracting bound water from the soil and lifting it to the canopy, root systems of vegetation perform work. Here we describe how root water uptake can be evaluated thermodynamically and demonstrate that this evaluation provides additional insights into the factors that impede root water uptake. We derive an expression that relates the energy export at the base of the root system to a sum of terms that reflect all fluxes and storage changes along the flow path in thermodynamic terms. We illustrate this thermodynamic formulation using an idealized setup of scenarios with a simple model. In these scenarios, we demonstrate why heterogeneity in soil water distribution and rooting properties affect the impediment of water flow even though the mean soil water content and rooting properties are the same across the scenarios. The effects of heterogeneity can clearly be identified in the thermodynamics of the system in terms of differences in dissipative losses and hydraulic energy, resulting in an earlier start of water limitation in the drying cycle. We conclude that this thermodynamic evaluation of root water uptake conveniently provides insights into the impediments of different processes along the entire flow path, which goes beyond resistances and also accounts for the role of heterogeneity in soil water distribution.

The Increase of Hydration Activity of Portland Cement by Additives of Crystalline Hydrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Yury R. Krivoborodov ◽  
Svetlana V. Samchenko
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Pulsation Apparatus ◽  
Rotary Pulsation Apparatus ◽  
Calcium Hydrosilicates ◽  
Crystalline Hydrates

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of synthesized microdisperse additives of crystalline hydrates based on calcium sulfoaluminates on the properties of cement stone. The effectiveness of the use of a rotary pulsation apparatus (RPA) to obtain microdispersed additives is identified. The possibility of accelerating the hardening of cement stone by entering microdispersed additives into its composition is shown. It has been established that in the presence of microdispersed additives of crystalline hydrates in the cement stone, the phase composition of hydrate tumors changes, the amount of calcium hydrosilicates and ettringite increases, the porosity decreases and the strength of the cement stone increases. This provision is confirmed by the increase in the degree of cement hydration, the amount of bound water in all periods of hardening of the stone. It is proposed to use microdisperse additives, which play the role of primers for the crystallization of ettringite and calcium hydrosilicates, to increase the strength of cement stone in the early stages of hardening.

The Role of Adsorbed Water Molecules in Bulk Restructuring of Amorphous Tungsten Trioxide Films

1995 ◽  
Vol 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Shiyanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Trioxide ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe influence of water molecules adsorbed at the surface of electrochromic WO3 films on film stability in aqueous electrolyte has been studied by scanning electron microscopy and high energy electron diffraction.

The Role of Bound Water in the Stability of the Triple-Helical Conformation of (Pro-Pro-Gly)10

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Gough ◽  
Russell W. Anderson ◽  
Rajendra S. Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Bound Water ◽  
Helical Conformation ◽  
The Stability
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