scholarly journals Assessment of Fatty Liver Syndrome and Its Predisposing Factors in a Dairy Herd from Venezuela

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara I. Gonzalez ◽  
Oswaldo Rosendo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Severe Fatty Liver

The present on-farm research evaluated the occurrence of fatty liver syndrome and its predisposing risk factors for multiparous dairy cows from a commercial herd in Venezuela. Liver biopsy samples were collected at 35 days (d) prepartum (Holstein, ; Holstein × Carora crossbred, ) as well as 1 to 7 d (Holstein, ; Holstein × Carora crossbred, ) and 28 to 35 d (Holstein, ; Holstein × Carora crossbred, ) postpartum in order to analyse hepatic triacylglycerols (TAG, % wet basis) and glycogen concentrations. At postpartum, an occurrence of 72.0% for severe fatty liver along with 73.5% of subclinical ketosis (SCK) was found. The multiple regression model that best explained the association between milk production in the previous lactation (MYP) and TAG at first week postpartum was as follows: TAG, % = −11.2 + 3.16 (prepartum body condition) + 0.0009176 (MYP) (, ). Logistic regression indicated that Holstein × Carora crossbred cows tended to have 27% higher relative risk than Holstein to experience SCK, whereas prepartum liver TAG greater than 3% tended to be associated with a higher relative risk for SCK compared to cows with TAG ≤3%.

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormones Concentrations during the Mid-Dry Period: An Early Indicator of Fatty Liver in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horea Šamanc ◽  
Velibor Stojić ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Milijan Jovanović ◽  
Horia Cernescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Ratio Increase ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Early Indicator ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Severe Fatty Liver ◽  
Thyroid Gland Activity

Relationship between postpartal fatty liver and thyroid gland activity during the peripartal and mid dry periods was studied. Twenty one dry cows were chosen. Blood samples were obtained on days −30, −2, and +12 related to calving and analized for thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). AT3/T4ratio was calculated. Liver tissue samples were taken 12 d after calving and tested for the lipid content. Cows were divided into three groups: mild (<20% fat), moderate (20 to 30%), or severe fatty liver (>30%). Cows, that were affected with severe fatty liver, were hypothyroid prior to development of the condition due to lowerT4concentrations, and had significantly lower concentration ofT3and higherT3/T4ratios than cows with mild and moderate fatty liver. Thus, hypothyroid state during mid-dry period may be an early indicator of postpartal fatty liver and may provokeT3/T4ratio increase in this group of cows.

Non-invasive detection of fatty liver in dairy cows by digital analyses of hepatic ultrasonograms

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Bobe ◽  
Viren R Amin ◽  
Arnold R Hippen ◽  
Pengxiang She ◽  
Jerry W Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linear Combination ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Digital Analysis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
On Farm

During early lactation, many dairy cows develop fatty liver, which is associated with decreased health and reproductive performance. Currently, fatty liver can be detected reliably only by using liver biopsy followed by chemical or histological analysis, which is not practical in most on-farm situations. We tested whether digital analyses of hepatic ultrasonograms can be used to detect non-invasively fatty liver and estimate liver triacylglycerol content. A total of 49 liver biopsies and ultrasonograms were taken from 29 dairy cows within 2 weeks postpartum. The usefulness of 17 first- or second-order parameters from digital analysis of B-mode ultrasonograms were evaluated by discriminant, correlation, and regression analyses. A group of linear combinations of the 17 parameters correctly classified 40 of 49 samples into normal liver as well as mild, moderate and severe fatty liver when cut-off values were 1%, 5% and 10% and correctly classified 45 of 49 samples when cut-off values were 5% and 10% triacylglycerol of wet weight. A linear combination of 16 image parameters estimated triacylglycerol concentrations of 38 of the 39 liver samples below the cut-off value of 10% within 2·5% of liver wet weight, and a linear combination of 3 parameters estimated triacylglycerol concentrations of the 10 liver samples above the cut-off value of 10% within 2% of liver wet weight. Therefore, ultrasound imaging followed by digital analysis of sonograms has potential to non-invasively detect fatty liver and estimate liver triacylglycerol content.

Risk factors for unassisted on-farm death in Swedish dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Alvåsen ◽  
PT Thomsen ◽  
C Hallén Sandgren ◽  
M Jansson Mörk ◽  
U Emanuelson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Swedish Dairy ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Metabolic evaluation of dairy cows submitted to three different strategies to decrease the effects of negative energy balance in early postpartum

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra M.B García ◽  
Felipe C Cardoso ◽  
Rómulo Campos ◽  
Diego X Thedy ◽  
Félix H.D González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis

In early lactation dairy cattle suffer metabolic alterations caused by negative energy balance, which predisposes to fatty liver and ketosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic condition of high yielding dairy cows subjected to three treatments for preventing severe lipomobilization and ketosis in early lactation. Fifty four multiparous Holstein cows yielding >30 L/day were divided into four groups: control (CN= no treatment), glucose precursor (PG= propylene-glycol), hepatic protector (Mp= Mercepton®), and energy supplement with salts of linolenic and linoleic faty acids (Mg-E= Megalac-E®). Treatments were administrated randomly at moment of calving until 8 weeks postpartum. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 postpartum. Body condition score (BCS) was evaluated at the same periods and milk yield was recorded at 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks of lactation. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, AST, ß-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), cholesterol, glucose, total protein, urea and triglycerides were analyzed in blood samples. Cut-off points for subclinical ketosis were defined when BHBA >1.4 mmol/L and NEFA >0.7 mmol/L. General occurrence of subclinical ketosis was 24% during the period. An ascendant curve of cholesterol and glucose was observed from the 1st to the 8th week of lactation, while any tendency was observed with BHBA and NEFA, although differences among treatments were detected (p<0.05). BCS decreased from a mean of 3.85 at 1st week to 2.53 at 8th week of lactation (p=0.001). Milk yield was higher in the Mg-E group compared with the other treatment groups (p<0.05) Compared with the CN group, the treatments with Mp and PG did not show significant differences in blood biochemistry and milk yield. Cows receiving PG and Mg-E showed higher values of BHBA and NEFA (P<0.05), indicating accentuated lipomobilization. Supplementation with Mg-E also resulted in significant higher concentrations of cholesterol, BHBA, urea, AST and lower values of glycemia. This performance may be explained by the highest milk yield observed with this treatment. Treatments with PG and Mp did not improve milk yield, compared with control cows, but did not show metabolic evidence of ketosis, fat mobilization or fatty liver. These results suggest that treatment with Mg-E improves milk production but induces a higher negative energy balance leading to moderated lipomobilization and ketone bodies production, increasing the risk of fatty liver.

scholarly journals Impaired hepatic autophagic activity in dairy cows with severe fatty liver is associated with inflammation and reduced liver function

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 11175-11185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Du ◽  
Guowen Liu ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
Zhiyuan Fang ◽  
Ryan Bucktrout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Autophagic Activity ◽  
Severe Fatty Liver

scholarly journals Animal Welfare Assessment: Can We Develop a Practical, Time-Limited Assessment Protocol for Pasture-Based Dairy Cows in New Zealand?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1918
Author(s):  
Sujan Sapkota ◽  
Richard Laven ◽  
Kristina Müller ◽  
Nikki Kells
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Almost All ◽  
On Farm

Despite being a leading producer and exporter of dairy products, New Zealand has no industry-recognised welfare assessment protocol. A New Zealand-specific protocol is essential, as almost all dairy farms in New Zealand are pasture-based and housing is rarely used. Therefore, protocols developed for intensive cows are not suitable. The aim of this study was to develop a simple yet practical welfare assessment protocol that could be used to assess the welfare of a dairy herd during one visit timed to occur around milking. Six welfare assessment protocols and four studies of dairy cattle welfare assessments that had some focus on dairy cattle welfare at pasture were used, along with the New Zealand Dairy Cattle Code of Welfare, to identify potential assessments for inclusion in the protocol. Eighty-four potential assessments (20 record-based and 64 that needed assessing on-farm) were identified by this process of welfare assessments. After screening to exclude on-farm assessments that were not relevant, that had only limited practical application in pasture-based dairy cows or that required more time than available, 28 on-farm assessments remained, which were put together with the 20 record-based assessments and were tested for feasibility, practicality and time on two pasture-based dairy farms. Assessments were then identified as suitable, suitable after modification or not feasible. Suitable and modified assessments were then included in the final protocol alongside additional measures specific to New Zealand dairy farms. The final protocol included 24 on-farm assessments and eight record-based assessments. Further testing of these 32 assessments is needed on more dairy farms across New Zealand before the protocol can be used to routinely assess the welfare of dairy cows in New Zealand.

On-farm mortality and related risk factors in Estonian dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaari Reimus ◽  
Toomas Orro ◽  
Ulf Emanuelson ◽  
Arvo Viltrop ◽  
Kerli Mõtus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals The Negative Association Between Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity and Gouty Nephropathy in a Non-diabetic Gouty Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhou ◽  
Yahao Wang ◽  
Jingwei Chi ◽  
Wenshan Lv ◽  
Mingzhao Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share common pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors, but the specific relationship between NAFLD and gouty nephropathy has not been well understood. We aim to evaluate the association between NAFLD and gouty nephropathy in a non-diabetic gouty population.Methods: The retrospective cross‑sectional study was performed on 1049 non-diabetic gouty participants, who were hospitalized between 2014 and 2020, across 4 districts in Shandong, China. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population were collected. The odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) in relation to the NAFLD severity determined by ultrasonography were obtained by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: An unexpectedly inverse relationship was found between NAFLD severity and the risk of gout nephropathy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that higher degree of NAFLD severity is independently associated with lower risk of gouty nephropathy, after adjusted for age, sex, smoking, gout duration, and metabolic risk factors including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuriacemia and dyslipidemia, with OR 0.392 (95 % CI 0.248–0.619, P < 0.001), 0.379 (95 % CI 0.233–0.616, P < 0.001) and 0.148 (95 % CI 0.043–0.512, P = 0.003) in participants with mild, moderate, and severe NAFLD, respectively, compared to those without NAFLD. We also observed a weakened association of serum uric acid (SUA) with metabolic risk factors and NAFLD under circumstances of gouty nephropathy (r = -0.054, P = 0.466). Conclusions: The presence and severity of NAFLD was negatively associated with the risk of gouty nephropathy in the non-diabetic gouty populations. Further investigation of NAFLD will provide insights into the pathogenesis of gouty nephropathy.Trials registration: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry ChiCTR2000035185. Registered 2 August 2020.

Prevalence and potential risk factors of hypocalcaemia in dairy cows during transition period at Northern Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Saed ◽  
Hussam Ibrahim ◽  
Sabry El-khodery ◽  
Mohamed Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Serum Pth

Objective: To identify the most prevalent diseases of transition period in dairy cows and to highlight on risk factors supposed to play a crucial role in the prevalence of hypocalcaemia. Design: Case-control study Animals: 179 transition dairy cows belonged to five farms. Procedures: Clinical examination and serum analyses were the key to diagnose the transition disorders in the investigated cows. Cutoff points for serum analytes (Ca, Ph, Mg, PTH, glucose, K, Na and Cl) were set. A questionnaire was constructed to identify the possible risk factors associated with hypocalcaemia on both farm level and cow level. Results: Frequency test revealed the prevalence of hypocalcaemia to be (48.04%), hypophosphatemia (40.22%), hypomagnesaemia (33.52%) hypoglycemia (29.05%), hypokalemia (58.1%), clinical ketosis (5.59%) and abomasal displacement (1.12%). Moreover, prevalence of post parturient septic metritis was (26.81%), retained placenta (23.46%) and clinical mastitis was (18.99%). Generally, hypocalcaemia was significantly associated with other concurrent diseases (P ≤ 0.05). Levels of serum PTH, glucose, K and Na were significantly related to occurrence of hypocalcaemia with p values: 0.006, 0.001, 0.019 and 0.001, respectively. Impact of diet, housing criteria and periodical health monitoring by metabolic profile test were found to affect significantly on incidence of hypocalcaemia on farm level with p value ≤ 0.008 for all. On cow level, age of cows, parity, body condition score, stage of transition period, daily milk yield and previous transition period disorders were found to have a significant effect on occurrence of hypocalcaemia at p value ≤ 0.001 for each item. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Results of the current study point toward the importance of usual monitoring of transition period disorders in dairy cows, besides identifying potential risks and consequences of hypocalcaemia in an attempt to construct control measures for them, that in-turn would increase dairy herd profitability.

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