scholarly journals Neoplastic Meningitis from Solid Tumors: A Prospective Clinical Study in Lombardia and a Literature Review on Therapeutic Approaches

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Silvani ◽  
M. Caroli ◽  
P. Gaviani ◽  
V. Fetoni ◽  
R. Merli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Pattern Of Care ◽  
Bulky Disease

Neoplastic dissemination to the leptomeninges is an increasingly common occurrence in patients with both haematological and solid tumors arising outside the central nervous system. Both refinement of diagnostic techniques (Magnetic resonance imaging) and increased survival in patients treated with targeted therapies for systemic tumors account for this increased frequency. Cerebrospinal fluid cytological analysis and MRI confirm clinical diagnosis based on multifocal central nervous system signs/symptoms in a patient with known malignancy. Overall survival in patients with leptomeningeal neoplastic dissemination from solid tumors is short, rarely exceeding 3-4 months. However, selected patients may benefit from aggressive therapies, Apart from symptomatic treatment, intrathecal chemotherapy is used, with both free (methotrexate, Thiotepa, AraC) and liposomal antitumor agents (liposomal AraC). Palliative radiotherapy is indicated only in cases of symptomatic bulky disease, surgery is limited to positioning of Ommaya recervoirs or C5F shunting. We report clinical data on a cohort of 26 prospectively followed patients with neoplastic leptomeningitis followed in Lombardia, Italy, in 2011. Prognostic factors and pattern of care are reported.

Antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and in vitro antitumor activities of coumarin-benzothiazole hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa T. Gabr
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Cns Cancer ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Abstract Coumarin-benzothiazole hybrids are antitumor agents based on their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compounds 5a–c were selected by National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, to be screened for antitumor activity at a single dose (10 μm) against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. The most active compound 5c was further screened at a five-dose level by NCI. Compound 5c displays half maximal growth inhibition (GI50) values of 0.24 and 0.33 μm against central nervous system (CNS) cancer (SNB-75) and ovarian cancer (OVCAR-4) cell lines, respectively. Compounds 5a–c were also screened for their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

scholarly journals Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid soluble CD27 levels in patients with meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies [published erratum appears in Blood 1996 Oct 1;88(7):2818]

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1985-1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Kersten ◽  
LM Evers ◽  
PL Dellemijn ◽  
H van den Berg ◽  
P Portegies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Disc Protrusion ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Lymphoid Malignancies

Abstract Diagnosis of meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies by means of cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be difficult. Thus far no reliable CSF tumor markers have been identified. CD27 is a transmembrane disulfide-linked 55-kD homodimer present on most peripheral blood T cells and on a subset of B cells. CD27 is also expressed on human malignant B cells and high levels of soluble CD27 can be present in the serum of patients with B-cell malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine prospectively the diagnostic value of CSF sCD27 as a tumor marker in patients with meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies. CSF sCD27 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The optimal cut-off value using receiver operator characteristics curves was found to be 10 U/mL. sCD27 levels were normal in all 50 control patients (lumbar disc protrusion) and in 39 of 40 samples obtained from patients with either solid tumors or acute myeloid leukemia. Of 104 CSF samples from 70 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoing routine central nervous system (CNS) staging, sCD27 was false positive and false negative in only one sample each. In 70 samples from 45 patients suspected of meningeal localization of ALL or NHL, the sCD27 test had an excellent sensitivity (100%) and specificity (82%). In 7 patients with positive CSF studied longitudinally, sCD27 levels correlated very well with remission and relapse. sCD27 levels were not nonspecifically increased by the administration of cytostatic drugs. Finally, sCD27 was also elevated in the 4 patients studied with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). CSF sCD27 is a promising tumor marker in patients with either meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies or PCNSL, and can be useful in the differential diagnosis of CNS involvement by either lymphoid malignancies or solid tumors.

Intrathecal Prophylaxis Might Be Required For Primary and Secondary Breast Lymphoma to prevent Central Nervous System Relapse

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 5082-5082
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Kusano ◽  
Noriko Nishimura ◽  
Kyoko Ueda ◽  
Masahiro Yokoyama ◽  
Yasuhito Terui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Malignant Lymphoma ◽  
Tumor Diameter ◽  
Lymphoma Patient ◽  
Primary Breast Lymphoma ◽  
Bulky Disease ◽  
Breast Lymphoma ◽  
Cns Relapse ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Breast lymphomas is a rare type of malignant lymphoma. The major histopathological type of breast lymphoma is diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). Although conventional treatment regimen is cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and predonisolone with rituximab (R-CHOP), the optimal cycles of chemotherapy, role of additional radiotherapy, and efficacy of intrathecal (IT) prophylaxis are still unclear. Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features and treatment outcomes of 22 patients with newly diagnosed primary breast lymphoma (PBL) of stage IE and IIE and secondary breast lymphoma of stage IIIE and IVE, and evaluated details of 20 DLBCL patients. All patients were treated at our institution between May 2002 and July 2013. Patients of stage IE were treated by 8 cycles of rituximab plus three cycles of CHOP-21 with radiotherapy, and patients of stage IIE-IVE were treated by 8 cycles of rituximab plus 6-8 cycles of CHOP-21 with or without radiotherapy. All patients were considered to receive intrathecal prophylaxis unless clinical study setting or patients’ denial. Patients were divided into three groups; primary breast lymphoma (PBL) of stage IE, PBL of stage IIE, and secondary breast lymphoma of stage IIIE and IVE. Result There were 22 malignant lymphoma patients of breast such as one follicular lymphoma patient, one Burkitt lymphoma patient, and 20 DLBCL patients with no bilateral breast involvement. In patients with DLBCL of the breast, the median age was 60 years (range 32–69 years), with all female. The median largest tumor diameter was 5 cm, and eight patients had bulky disease (>5 cm). Nine of 20 patients (45%) received at least once of IT prophylaxis during one to two cycles of R-CHOP therapy. Six patients were stage IE, nine patients were stage IIE, and five patients were stage III and IVE, who had another invasion including liver, bone, and bone marrow. CR rate after initial therapy was 90% (18/20). Five of 20 patients (25%) developed central nervous system (CNS) relapse with the median time to CNS relapse of 28 months. Although four of 11 (36.4%) patients without IT prophylaxis versus one of nine (11.1%) patients with IT prophylaxis developed CNS relapse with no significant difference between two groups (p=0.363), and IT prophylaxis tends to prevent CNS relapse. The median follow-up time was 48.5 months, and the 3-year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in each group were 75%, 87.5%, and 40.0% (p=0.154), and 100%, 85.7%, and 53.3% (p=0.244), respectively. Conclusions Primary and secondary breast lymphoma is still considered high-risk for CNS relapse in Rituximab era. IT prophylaxis might prevent CNS relapse in breast lymphoma patients, and, further study is needed to evaluate the efficacy of IT prophylaxis or another appropriate approach for CNS relapse. Disclosures: Nishimura: Chugai Pharmaceutical CO., LTD.: Consultancy. Yokoyama:Chugai Pharmaceutical CO., LTD.: Consultancy.

Potential central nervous system antitumor agents. Aziridinylbenzoquinones. 2

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1302-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Te Chou ◽  
A. Hameed Khan ◽  
John S. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antitumor Agents

ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ANTITUMOR AGENTS. AZIRIDINYLBENZOQUINONES. 2

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
FENG-TE CHOU FENG-TE CHOU ◽  
A. H. KHAN ◽  
J. S. DRISCOLL
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antitumor Agents

scholarly journals Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid soluble CD27 levels in patients with meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies [published erratum appears in Blood 1996 Oct 1;88(7):2818]

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1985-1989
Author(s):  
MJ Kersten ◽  
LM Evers ◽  
PL Dellemijn ◽  
H van den Berg ◽  
P Portegies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Disc Protrusion ◽  
Cytologic Examination ◽  
Lymphoid Malignancies

Diagnosis of meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies by means of cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be difficult. Thus far no reliable CSF tumor markers have been identified. CD27 is a transmembrane disulfide-linked 55-kD homodimer present on most peripheral blood T cells and on a subset of B cells. CD27 is also expressed on human malignant B cells and high levels of soluble CD27 can be present in the serum of patients with B-cell malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine prospectively the diagnostic value of CSF sCD27 as a tumor marker in patients with meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies. CSF sCD27 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The optimal cut-off value using receiver operator characteristics curves was found to be 10 U/mL. sCD27 levels were normal in all 50 control patients (lumbar disc protrusion) and in 39 of 40 samples obtained from patients with either solid tumors or acute myeloid leukemia. Of 104 CSF samples from 70 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoing routine central nervous system (CNS) staging, sCD27 was false positive and false negative in only one sample each. In 70 samples from 45 patients suspected of meningeal localization of ALL or NHL, the sCD27 test had an excellent sensitivity (100%) and specificity (82%). In 7 patients with positive CSF studied longitudinally, sCD27 levels correlated very well with remission and relapse. sCD27 levels were not nonspecifically increased by the administration of cytostatic drugs. Finally, sCD27 was also elevated in the 4 patients studied with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). CSF sCD27 is a promising tumor marker in patients with either meningeal localization of lymphoid malignancies or PCNSL, and can be useful in the differential diagnosis of CNS involvement by either lymphoid malignancies or solid tumors.

scholarly journals Diagnostics and Neuropsychological Correction of Children with Neurosis-Like Enuresis and Encopresis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
D. Bereskin
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Functional Indices

The experience of a work with a group of children with enuresis (six patients) and encopresis (one patient) both of residual-organic origin is analyzed in this article. Work included psychological diagnostic techniques and psychological correction. Psychological diagnostic evaluation was directed to the measurements of different characteristics of sensorimotor reactions, memory, attention and cognitive functions. Functional characteristics of the central nervous system in children with enuresis and encopresis were approximated to those recorded in their healthy peers, while the cognitive functions in present group of children were lower. Psychological correction has included neuropsychological methods, which were aimed at the development of: visual-motor coordination, spatio-temporal organization relations and logic constructions understanding. Based on children's and parent's self-reports and based on medical records also it can be assumed that proposed psychological correction can be effective in enuresis and encopresis in children with similar characteristics, which can be observed. The significance of the functional indices evaluation of the central nervous system by measuring various characteristics of sensorimotor reactions substantiate by results obtained.

scholarly journals Isolated central nervous system relapses in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. Clinical presentation and prognosis: experience of the Polish Pediatric Solid Tumors Study Group.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wieczorek ◽  
Joanna Stefanowicz ◽  
Marcin Hennig ◽  
Elzbieta Adamkiewicz-Drozynska ◽  
Marzena Stypinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pediatric Solid Tumors ◽  
Stage 4

Abstract Although isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapses are rare, they may become a serious clinical problem in intensively treated patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (NBL). The aim of the study is presentation, assessment of incidence and the clinical course of isolated CNS relapses. Retrospective analysis involved 848 NBL patients treated from 2001 to 2019 at 8 centers of the Polish Pediatric Solid Tumors Study Group (PPSTSG). Group characteristics at diagnosis, treatment and patterns of relapse were analyzed. Observation was completed in December 2020. We analyzed 286 high risk patients, including 16 infants. Isolated CNS relapse, defined as presence of a tumor in brain parenchyma or leptomeningeal involvement, was found in 13 patients (4.5%, 8.4% of all relapses), all of them were stage 4 at diagnosis. Isolated CNS relapses seem to be more common in young patients with stage 4 MYCN amplified NBL, and in this group they may occur early during the first line therapy. The only or the first one symptom may be bleeding into CNS, especially in younger children, even without clear relapse picture on imaging, or the relapse may be clinically asymptomatic and found on routine screening. Although incidence of isolated CNS relapses is not statistically significantly higher in patients after immunotherapy, their occurrence should be carefully monitored, especially in intensively treated infants, with potential disruption of brain-blood barrier.

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